I'm compiling a comprehensive list of the best resources in the english language for those who wish to study Islam. The list is still not complete however; it will be added to in the next few weeks inshaa'Allah. If you have any suggestions to add to the thread, please post them in the 'recommend a book (Recommend a Book!)' thread.

For anyone who wishes to increase their knowledge about Islam, whether they are born Muslims, Converts, or simply Non-muslims interested in learning more, I would highly recommend the following excellent sources in the english language.

The Qur'ân is God's last message to humanity, revealed to Prophet Muhammad pbuh. The Qur'ân is the primary source of legislation and guidance in Islam, providing instruction in all aspects of life. The Qur'ân was revealed in the arabic language, consequently, a translation is merely a human attempt to convey the meanings of the original text in another language.

English Translations:
Al-Qur'an : Guidance for Mankind English translation of the meaning by Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik. Links (English Only Paperback, Arabic and English Hardback, Travel Size Paperback).

The Qur'aan: Arabic text with corresponding english meanings released by Saheeh International. Link (Here, Download here).

Commentary:
Ma'ariful Qur'an: A Comprehensive Commentary of the Holy Qur'an by the Late Grand Mufti of Pakistan, Muhammad Shafi. Links (7 volumes, Complete 8 Volumes from Al-Balagh, Available Online as well).
Tafsir Ibn Kathir by Imâm Al-Hâfiz Ibn Kathîr, translated and abridged by a group of scholars under the supervision of Shaykh SafiurRahman Al-Mubarakpuri. Links (10 volume set, Available Online as well)

Studying the Qur'ân
An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'aan by Dr. Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi. Links (Revised Second Edition)
Usool at-Tafseer: The Methodology of Qur'aanic Explanation by Dr. Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips. Links (Paperback)
The History of the Qur'anic Text from Revelation to Compilation by Dr. M. M. Al-Azami. Links (Paperback)
The Qur'ân and the Orientalists by Dr. Muhammad Mohar Ali. Links (Info found on this page)

Islamic History

Sîrah (Life of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him)
Muhammad: Man and Prophet by Adil M. Salahi. Links (Paperback)
Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar) by Shaykh Safi-ur-Rahman Al-Mubarpuri. Links (Hardcover, Available online as well)
Biography of the Prophet of Islam by Dr. Mahdi Rizqullah Ahmad. Links (Hardcover 2 Volumes)
The Noble Life of the Prophet by Dr. 'Ali Muhammad As-Sallaabee. Links (Hardcover 3 Volumes)

Other
Stories of the Prophets by Imâm Al-Hâfiz Ibn Kathîr. Links (Hardcover, Harcover)
Book of the End by Imâm Al-Hâfiz Ibn Kathîr. Links (Hardcover)
The History of Islam by Akbar Shah Najeebabadi. Links (Hardcover 3 volumes, Harcover 3 volume set)
Great Women of Islam by Mahmood Ahmad Ghadanfar. Links (Hardcover)
Commanders of the Muslim Army by Mahmood Ahmad Ghadanfar. Links (Hardcover)
Heroes of Islam by Dr. M. Esma'il Sieny. Links (Hardcover)

Ahâdîth

Ahâdîth (sing. Hadîth) are the narrations and reports containing the teachings, practices, and descriptions of the Prophet Muhammad pbuh. They are many famous collection of Ahâdîth, Sahîh Bukhârî and Sahîh Muslim, being the most authentic.

English Translations
Introductory readings:
In the Prophet's Garden by Fatima D'Oyen and Abdelkader Chachi. Links (Paperback)

Major Compilations:
Sahîh Al-Bukhârî trans. by Dr. M. Muhsin Khan. Links (Hardcover 9 volumes, Summarized 1 volume, Available online as well)
Sahîh Muslim trans. by Abdul Hamdi Siddiqui. Links (Hardcover 8 volumes, Summarized 2 volumes, Available online as well)
Sunân Abi Dawûd trans. by Prof. Ahmad Hasan. Links (Hardcover 3 volumes, Partially available online as well)

Sciences of Hadith
An Introduction to the Science of Hadith by Dr. Suhaib Hasan. Links (Paperback, Available online as well
A Textbook of Hadith Studies : Authenticity, Compilation, Classification and Criticism of Hadith by Dr. M. H. Kamali. Links (Paperback)
Studies of Early Hadith Literature by Dr. M. M. Al-Azami. Links (Paperback)
Studies in Hadith Literature with a Complete Hadith Terminology by Omar Ahmed Kasir. Links (Paperback)
Hadith Literature: Its Origin, Development, and Special Features by Dr. Muhammad Zubayr Siddiqi. Links (Paperback)
Introduction to Hadith by Dr. Abdur-Rahman Doi. Links (Paperback)

Hadith Commentary
Commentary on the Forty Hadith of Al-Nawawi by Shaykh Jamaal Al-Din Zarabozo. Links (Hardcover 3 volumes, Hardcover)

Aqîdah

Aqîdah refers to the Islamic beliefs, creed and theology as described and detailed in the Holy Qur'ân and the authentic Ahâdîth.

Introductory
Guide to Sound Creed by Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzaan. Links (Hardcover)
The Authentic Creed and the Invalidators of Islam by Shaykh Abdul-Azeez bin Baz. Links (Paperback)
Tenet of Faith by Shaykh M. Saalih Al-Uthaymeen. Links (Paperback)
The Fundamentals of Tawheed by Dr. Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips. Links (Paperback, Partially available online as well)
Minhaj Al-Muslim by Shaykh Abu Bakr Al-Jaza'iry. [also listed under Sharî'ah] Links (Hardcover 2 volumes)

Detailed
An Explanation of Kitab al-Tawhid by Imam Muhammad ibn Abdul Wahhab [Explanation by Shaykh 'Abdul-Rahmaan as-Sa'di]. Links (Hardcover, Hardcover)
Belief in Allah by Dr. Umar Sulayman Al-Ashqar. Links (Hardcover)
The World of the Noble Angels by Dr. Umar Sulayman Al-Ashqar. Links (Hardcover)
The World of the Jinn and Devils by Dr. Umar Sulayman Al-Ashqar. Links (Hardcover)
The Messengers and the Messages by Dr. Umar Sulayman Al-Ashqar. Links (Hardcover
The Minor Resurrection by Dr. Umar Sulayman Al-Ashqar. Links (Hardcover)
The Day of Resurrection by Dr. Umar Sulayman Al-Ashqar. Links (Hardcover)
Paradise and Hell by Dr. Umar Sulayman Al-Ashqar. Links (Hardcover)
Divine Will and Predestination by Dr. Umar Sulayman Al-Ashqar. Links (Hardcover)
Life in Al-Barzakh by Shaykh Muhammad Al-Jibaly. Links (Hardcover)
The Decisive Criterion Between the Friends of Allah and the Friends of Shaytaan by Imam Ibn Taymiyyah. Links (Hardcover)
Mysteries of the Soul Expounded by Abu Bial Mustafa Al-Kanadi. Links (Paperback)
Jinn & Human Sickness by Dr. Abu'l-Mundhir Khaleel ibn Ibraaheem Ameen. Links (Hardcover)
A Critical Study of Shirk by Dr. Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi. Links (Hardcover)
The Explanation of Sufficiency of Creed by Imam Ibn Qudamah Al-Maqdisee [Explanation by Shaykh Muhammad Ibn Saalih Al-'Uthaymeen]. Links (Paperback)
Explanation of the Creed by Imam Al-Barbaharee. Links (Paperback)

Other Topics
Dua: The Weapon of the Believer by Dr. Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi. Links (Paperback)
Bearing True Witness by Dr. Laurence Brown. Links (Harcover, Available Online as well)
Don't Be Sad by Shaykh Aaidh ibn Abdullah al-Qarni. Links (Hardcover
The Ideal Muslim by Shaykh Muhammad Ali Al-Hashimi. Links (Hardcover)
The Ideal Muslimah by Shaykh Muhammad Ali Al-Hashimi. Links (Harcover, Hardcover)
The Dreamer's Handbook by Shaykh Muhammad Al-Jibaly. Links (Hardcover)

Sharîah and Fiqh

Sharîah refers to the Islamic legal constitution as detailed in the Holy Qur'ân and authentic Ahâdîth, while Fiqh refers to human interpretation and application of the laws into our lives.

A Summary of Islamic Jurisprudence by Shaykh Saalih Al-Fawzaan. Links (Hardcover 2 volumes)
The Evolution of Fiqh By Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips. Links (Paperback, Paperback)
The Four Imams: Their Lives, Works and Schools of Thought By Muhammad Abu Zahra. Links (Hardcover, Hardcover)
Minhaj Al-Muslim by Shaykh Abu Bakr Al-Jaza'iry. Links (Hardcover 2 volumes)
Sickness: Regulations and Exhortations by Shaykh Muhammad Al-Jibaly. Links (Hardcover)
Inheritance: Regulations and Exhortations by Shaykh Muhammad Al-Jibaly. Links (Hardcover)
Funerals: Regulations and Exhortations by Shaykh Muhammad Al-Jibaly. Links (Hardcover)
Fatawa Islamiya compiled by M. Abdul-Aziz Al-Musnad. Links (Hardcover 8 volumes)

Da'wah

Da'wah refers to inviting others to Islam and sharing the Islamic message of peace achieved through submission to God with all humanity.

Sacred Freedom: Western Liberalist Ideologies in the Light of Islam by Haneef Oliver. Links (Website)
Islam: The Natural Way by Abdul Wahid Hamid. Links (Paperback)
The First and Final Commandment by Dr. Laurence Brown. Links (Paperback)
In Defense of Islam by Dr. Ali Ataie. Links (Available Online)

Beneficial Websites

http://www.IslamReligion.com
http://www.beconvinced.com
http://www.path-to-peace.com
http://www.load-islam.com
http://www.islamtoday.com
http://www.islamonline.net/english/index.shtml
http://muhammad.islamonline.net/English/index.shtml
http://www.islamicboard.com