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View Full Version : [Uloom Al-Qur'an] The Qira'at and The Ahruf



Ansar Al-'Adl
03-19-2005, 11:01 PM
Assalamu Alykum wa rahmatullahi wa baraktuhu,

Here is some useful information which I wanted to share.

THE AHRUF
First there is the issue nof Ahruf (dialects/modes). The Qur'an was revealed in seven ahruf, as is proved in many mutawaatir ahadith. This was because different tribes pronounced and spelled words differently. The forms matched the dialects of following seven tribes:
1.Quraysh
2.Hudhayl
3.Thaqîf
4.Hawâzin
5.Kinânah
6.Tamîm
7.Yemen

The revelation of the Qur'an in seven different ahruf made its recitation and memorization much easier for the various tribes. At the same time the Qur'an challenged them to produce a surah like it in their own dialect so that they would not complain about the incomprehensibility.

Regarding whether or not these ahruf have been preserved, there are three opinions, the strongest being that of Ibn Taymiyyah, Ash-Shatibee, Ar-Raazi, Ibn Katheer and Ibn Al-Jazaree and many others. They say that when Uthman rd was compiling the Qur'an, he had Zaid ibn Thabit record it without the vowelation and consonants to accomodate the different Ahruf. At some points where the ahruf differed greatly, they recorded it according to the Quraysh dialect. There are 4 benefits which show the Wisdom of Allah revealing the Qur'an in seven ahruf:

1. To facilitate the memorization of the Qur'an. The arabs did not all speak arabic in the same way. The ahruf eased the memorization and was significant in the preservation of the Qur'an.

2. To prove the miraculous nature of the Qur'an. For despite all the differences, the meaning of the Ahruf did not contradict one another, but rather were complimentary.

3. To prove the truthfulness of the Prophet Muhammad saws, for despite the fact that he was illiterate, the revelation of the Qur'an occured in different tribal dialects and different words, all of which consisted of the most fluent and eloquent speech of his time.

4. To honour the ummah of the Prophet Muhammad saws and show its superiority over all other nations.

THE QIRA'AT
Qira'at refers to the various manners of reciting the Qur'an. Each qiraa'a has its OWN rules of tajweed. In Murattal, it is not necessary to emphasize every vowel in clarity as it is in Mujawwad. Each qira'at is named after the Qari who was famous in reciting in that manner.
There are many different Qira'at, but Ibn Mujahid wrote a book on the seven most prominent. He did this on purpose to match the seven ahruf, but some people don't know that there are more than 7 qira'at. In fact, there are ten authentic Qira'at. For a qira'at to be authentic there are very detailed rules which we could discuss later if any wishes.
Here are the ten Qira'at with their famous Qaris:

1. Naafi' Al-Madanee. (Madinah)
Imam Malik recited in this manner. Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal often recited in this manner.
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Qaloon and Warsh.

2. Ibn Katheer al-Makee. (Makkah)
Imam Shafi recited in this manner.
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Al-Buzzee and Qumbul.

3.Abu Amr al-Basri (Basra)
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Ad-Doori and As-Soosee.

4. Ibn Aamir ash-Shami (Syria)
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Hishaam and Ibn Thakwan.

5. Asim al-Kufi (Koofah)
Imaam Abu Hanifa recited in this manner. Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal often recited in this manner.
The 2 Qaris who prserved this recitation are Shuba and Hafs

6. Hamzah Al-Kufi (Koofah)
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Khalaf (who also has his own Qira'at #10) and Khallaad.

7. Al-Kisaa'ee
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Al-Layth and ad-Doori (same one as before).

8. Abu Ja'far Al-Madanee (Madinah)
The two Qaris who preserved this recitation are Isa and Sulayman.

9. Yaqub ibn Al-Basri (Basra)
Imam Bukhari recited in this manner.
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Ruways and Rooh.

10. Khalaf (same one who preserved Hamzah's recitation, but this is his own method of reciation)
The 2 Qaris who preserved this reciation are Ishaq and Idris.

Today 95% of the world recites Hafs an Asim, 3% Warsh an Naafi, .7% Qaloon an-Naafi, .3% Ad-Doori an Abu Amr and 1% Ibn 'Aamir.

Please let me know if anyone found this informative.
:w:
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Khaldun
03-19-2005, 11:48 PM
:sl:

JazzakAllah Khair brother, it certainly was a good read!

Just as a point of interest, I was watching this quran competion and this one student was reading strange, and no I dont mean strange as in a different qira, but strange in that none of the judges recognised the style!! when asked why he read like this, he replied I learned it from my teachers etc. but this was an unknown and not an authentic style so he was idsqualified I think
Reply

WomanOfJihad
03-20-2005, 02:48 PM
:sl:

SUBHANALLAH! this was indeed worth reading ... n learnt sumfin new ..

JazaKaLLahu Khairan bro..

:w:
Reply

Umm Yoosuf
03-20-2005, 05:13 PM
Barakalaahu fee that was indeed very intresting. Masha Allah!
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Muhammad
04-12-2005, 09:50 AM
:sl:
Jazakallah Khayr for this article, it was very interesting. Just to be clear: each of the tribes had their own style of recitation (eg. Naafi' Al Madani was a tribe) and then 2 Qaaris are famous for reading in this style (eg. Qaloon and Warsh). But I thought Qaloon and Qarsh are both different?

The part where you said: "They say that when Uthman rd was compiling the Qur'an, he had Zaib ibn Thabit record it without the vowelation and consonants to accomodate the different Ahruf. At some points where the ahruf differed greatly, they recorded it according to the Quraysh dialect"
does this mean that most of the Quran recorded by Uthman (ra) was without any vowels, but where it caused alteration of meaning, that is where they put them in in accordance with the Quraysh style? I thought that the different dialects all had the same meaning...

By the way, which style was that of Quraysh?
Last of all, please tell about the detailed rules you were speaking of, I am very curious now! Where did you get this info from?

Jazakallah Khayr for your help,
:w:
Reply

Uthman
04-12-2005, 04:47 PM
:sl:

Subhan'Allah that as a very informative article. :) Now it's time to help brother Muhammad. I am also curious. :)

:w:
Reply

Ibn Abi Ahmed
04-12-2005, 04:48 PM
Nice article Bro Ansar. :thnumbs_up

2. Ibn Katheer al-Makee. (Makkah)
Is that the one Shuraim and Sudais recite???
Reply

Ansar Al-'Adl
04-12-2005, 10:33 PM
:sl:
Jazakallah Khayr for this article, it was very interesting.
glad you enjoyed it.

Just to be clear: each of the tribes had their own style of recitation (eg. Naafi' Al Madani was a tribe) and then 2 Qaaris are famous for reading in this style (eg. Qaloon and Warsh). But I thought Qaloon and Qarsh are both different?
They are both different, I suppose they each emphasized different aspects of An-Nafi Al-Madanee. But they both have the same original Qira'at.

The part where you said: "They say that when Uthman rd was compiling the Qur'an, he had Zaib ibn Thabit record it without the vowelation and consonants to accomodate the different Ahruf. At some points where the ahruf differed greatly, they recorded it according to the Quraysh dialect"
does this mean that most of the Quran recorded by Uthman (ra) was without any vowels, but where it caused alteration of meaning, that is where they put them in in accordance with the Quraysh style? I thought that the different dialects all had the same meaning...
They all have similar meanings. THe point is, that where they could accomodate more than one ahruf by avoiding extra markings, they would do so, but if only one could be accomodated, it would be the Qurayshi dialect.

By the way, which style was that of Quraysh?
Everyone recites today, mostly according to the Qurayshi dialect.

Last of all, please tell about the detailed rules you were speaking of, I am very curious now! Where did you get this info from?
Rules for a Qira'at to be authentic? One can study this information in any basic course on Uloom Al-Qur'an, but an excellent book to start with would be An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'aan by Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi.

:w:
Reply

Muhammad
04-14-2005, 01:09 PM
Jazakallah Khayr for answering the questions Ansar, I am a bit clearer on the issue now.
I think its quite sad how very little of most of the other dialects are in use today, since 95% of the world recites in the Hafs-An-Aasim dialect. (I think this is the same style that Shuraim and Sudais use aswell, in answer to bro Ahmed's question - I think the Al-Makkee part in 'Ibn Katheer Al-Makkee' is referring to the location where the original tribe who used that dialect lived).
A good site to go to in order to listen to a wide variety of dialects is http://www.islamway.com/?iw_s=Recitor - although you cannot view all the different categories in the english version of the site. Its amazing how each has its own Tajweed and style!
Reply

Uthman
04-14-2005, 04:08 PM
:sl:

Yup! That's a great site and has many good recitors. Yes, very interesting, isn't it? All different styles and tajweed. :)

:w:
Reply

Muhammad
05-01-2005, 11:09 AM
:sl:

I found this link to a site discussing the Seven Ahruf and their conditions of acceptance etc. whilst on almaghrib forums:
http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Qur...at/hafs.html#3

I hope it is of help Insha'Allaah.
:w:
Reply

Ansar Al-'Adl
09-08-2005, 08:48 PM
:sl:
After I had prepared this post based on Yasir Qadhi's book, it was also uploaded on the Bismikaallahuma site, in much more detail here:
The Ahruf of The Qur’aan
The Qira’aat of the Qur’an

:w:

EDIT links fixed.
Reply

Khayal
09-10-2005, 06:02 PM
MashaAllah, it was very interesting and informative article..... :)

Jazak ALLAH khair :rose:
Reply

Najiullah
04-19-2006, 04:28 AM
jazakullah
Reply

hidaayah
04-19-2006, 06:19 AM
:sl:
a very benefcial read Mashallah..jazakallah khairun
Reply

Umm Safiya
04-19-2006, 02:07 PM
:sl:

Barak Allâhu fîk.. Very interesting..
But I was wondering, how do I know which of the ten qira'at I recite?
Reply

أحمد
04-20-2006, 11:49 AM
format_quote Originally Posted by Ms. Amira
:sl:

Barak Allâhu fîk.. Very interesting..
But I was wondering, how do I know which of the ten qira'at I recite?
:sl:

:) The most commonly recited sub-form of Recitation is in accordance to Hafs bin Sulaiman. However, there is a chance that you may be reciting in a slightly different style. Also as now we are working on getting people to teach more than one of the seven authentic Ahruf to more advance students of Tajweed, it will Insha-Allah become common knowledge of Recitation.

:happy: If anyone of you is in UK, Birmingham (Central Area) and wishes to learn Tajweed to a higher level; please FEEL FREE to send me an e-mail to esiraat@yahoo.com titled: TAJWEED!

:w:
Reply

Umm Safiya
04-20-2006, 12:51 PM
:sl:

So, if I recite in a slighty different style, does it matter then?
Is it the way you sound when you recite that defines which way you recite, or is it the rules you recite after that defines it?
Reply

Khaldun
04-23-2006, 01:48 PM
:sl:

No its not about the sound as such, its to due with the Tajweed rule and in some cases the words are substituted, however these are all authentic way of reciting the Quran as tought to us by the Prophet :arabic5:
Reply

Ansar Al-'Adl
04-23-2006, 03:18 PM
:sl:
To get an idea of the differences you can listen to the following to recitations of Surah Fatir [all recitations by Ali Al-Hudhaify]:
Hafs 'an Asim (#5 on list)
Qaloon 'an Naafi' (#1 on list)

As one can see, the different recitations are almost completely identical except for a few words which are pronounced differently. For example,
Hafs: wa hûwa al-azîz al-hakîm
Qaloon: wahwa al-azîz al-hakîm
Translation: And He is the AllMighty, the AllWise.


Here are some more samples for Surah Al-Mulk [all recitations by Ahmad Al-Me’serawe]:
Qumbul 'an Ibn Katheer Al-Makkee
Ad-Doori 'an Abu Amr Al-Basree
Khalaf 'an Hamzah Al-Kufi
Ibn Dhawkan 'an Ibn Aamir Ash-Shami
Abi Harith 'an Al-Kisaa'ee
Sulayman 'an Abu Ja'far Al-Madanee
Isa 'an Abu Ja'far Al-Madanee
Ishaaq 'an Khalaf

Again the main difference is just the different pronounciation of wa hûwa or wahwa, hal tarâ or hal tarî, a prolonged or shortened vowelization for one or two words, and so on.

:w:
Reply

Mohsin
04-24-2006, 03:12 PM
format_quote Originally Posted by Ansar Al-'Adl
There are 4 benefits which show the Wisdom of Allah revealing the Qur'an in seven ahruf:

1. To facilitate the memorization of the Qur'an. The arabs did not all speak arabic in the same way. The ahruf eased the memorization and was significant in the preservation of the Qur'an.

2. To prove the miraculous nature of the Qur'an. For despite all the differences, the meaning of the Ahruf did not contradict one another, but rather were complimentary.

3. To prove the truthfulness of the Prophet Muhammad saws, for despite the fact that he was illiterate, the revelation of the Qur'an occured in different tribal dialects and different words, all of which consisted of the most fluent and eloquent speech of his time.

4. To honour the ummah of the Prophet Muhammad saws and show its superiority over all other nations.
Jk khair for this bro, i always wondered on the wisdom behind this, subhanallah never thought of it as a miracle such that it was fluent in all dialects, so Muhammed PBUH definitely could not have written it then
Reply

boriqee
04-30-2006, 03:42 PM
barakallahu feek habeebi kareem Ansaar
that was excellent.

Yes Abu Amr Qaadhi's work is the best.

Dont forget Bilaal phillips did something, not as detailed as his, but ialso explains the ahruf wal qiraat.

as for what everybody resites, everyone here, usually recites in hafs form.

however everyone here must know that without proper ijazaat form an official established reciter, the style that you even imitate is not that style until you get the ijaazah for it. That is because everyone who just reads the mushaaf and goes off of that alone is not reciting 100 percent properly doto the importance of tajweed either by not giving enough stress to each vowelizations of each letter etc.

Even the one that Saudi prints with the different colers to tell the reciter the length of each letter being pronounced is under hafs form.

I dont think there is another quraan like this in the other forms, which means to recite it, you must se a shaykh of that form

I know an Imam here who knows both Hafs form and warsh form with its ijazaah. His warsh is, well the best way to describe it is "subhanallah"

asalamu alaikum
Reply

ahm001
04-30-2006, 03:49 PM
in morroco quraans are available commenly in warsh form and in libya qaloon
Reply

Abdullah4ever
05-01-2006, 12:55 AM
:sl:

Insha'allah my teacher said after i finish the quran he will teach me different styles to read.
Reply

Pk_#2
04-16-2007, 09:01 PM
AsalamuAlaykum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh,

To prove the truthfulness of the Prophet Muhammad saws, for despite the fact that he was illiterate, the revelation of the Qur'an occured in different tribal dialects and different words, all of which consisted of the most fluent and eloquent speech of his time.
wow indeed Alhamdhulillah!
Please let me know if anyone found this informative.
Yes sir.:rollseyes

si senoir! :D

erm adios Peace!
Reply

Talibatul Ilm
04-18-2007, 02:46 AM
mashaAllah i'd love to hear recitation in all these different forms. anyone have links? ive heard warsh and hafs, but does anyone have any audios/videos of the other recitations?
Reply

amirah_87
04-19-2007, 08:05 PM
format_quote Originally Posted by Talibatul Ilm
mashaAllah i'd love to hear recitation in all these different forms. anyone have links? ive heard warsh and hafs, but does anyone have any audios/videos of the other recitations?
:sl:

Have a look at this link HERE inshaAllah.

..you'll have to keep scrolling down for the different qira'aat.

Hope it helps.
Reply

Umar001
05-16-2007, 01:36 PM
There's afamous youtube vide of the 10 Famous Qiraat recited on Surah Ikhlas by Mishary Rashid Al Efasy.
Reply

Mawaddah
05-16-2007, 01:37 PM
^ Post it up here please bro? would love to listen to it.
Reply

Umar001
05-16-2007, 01:48 PM
I think it's the thrid or so sounds amazing, 'kuf an----------ahad' sounds so amazing.

Media Tags are no longer supported
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Mawaddah
05-16-2007, 01:59 PM
Masha'allah!! Jazakallah Alf Khair for that Brother, All of them were really beautiful but yes, the Khalaf recitation is really really nice, different, love it.

Also loved the one where he ran all of the verses together, I think it was the seventh? wonder which style is that...
Reply

Umar001
05-16-2007, 02:01 PM
Yea the one all together, boy that is nice. Surah Najm is amazing, he stopps so nicely he's like 'shay===an===' and then carries on its so amazing.
Reply

vpb
06-24-2007, 12:24 AM
:sl:
After I had prepared this post based on Yasir Qadhi's book, it was also uploaded on the Bismikaallahuma site, in much more detail here:
The Ahruf of The Qur’aan
The Qira’aat of the Qur’an
bro can you tell me the name of the book, or where could I find this book on internet stores?
Reply

shuraimfan4lyf
05-19-2010, 08:16 AM
:salamext:

JazakAllah khayr for the beneficial post. It was posted long time ago but this is the first time I've come across it. Here are some full Quran sets in Different Qi'raat.

Warsh An Naafi by Qari Abdul-Basit Abdus-Samad(Rahima Hullah)

Douri An Abee Amr by Qari Mahmoud Al-Husary(Rahima Hullah)

Khalaf an Hamza by Sheikh Abdur-Rashid Sufi(Hafiz Hullah)

As-Soosi An Abee Amr by Sheikh Abdur-Rashid Sufi(Hafiz Hullah)

Some recitations in different qir'aat by our Imam, Sheikh Masood Ahmed.
Reply

Danah
05-19-2010, 08:50 AM
format_quote Originally Posted by Ansar Al-'Adl
Assalamu Alykum wa rahmatullahi wa baraktuhu,
.
.
.
.

Please let me know if anyone found this informative.
:w:
Wa Alykom Asalam

Very informative, jazakAllah khair for sharing.


Can someone fix this typo please?
They say that when Uthman rd was compiling the Qur'an, he had Zaib ibn Thabit record it without the vowelation and consonants to accomodate the different Ahruf.
The name is Zaid not Zaib.

For more about the qira'at and ahruf:
The Ahruf of the Quran

The Qira'at of the Quran
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