:wasalamex
Boy! The Shaykh may Allah have mercy on him, sure named it right! For this does make you feel like a child lol. It feels great!
Aameen.
The example you provided was fine, Dhahir now I can understand, dhahir is like aparent right? So the connection here is idhhar are letters which are said openly, like fully without any hiding? And for example the other rule of Ikhfa or something is that like hidden, like:
You're right, dhahir means apparent, clear. However, it is not the letters of idh-haar you make clear. La, we are talking about Ahkaam noon saakinah wa tanween. So you make the
noon saakinah and tanween clear.
For example:
وَأَمَّا مَنْ خَافَ
Wa ammaa man khaafa
فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ
Falahum ajrun qhayru mamnoon.
You do not say falahum ajru qhayr..., or make takreer of the ra (we'll get to that Inshaa'Allaah).
You've understood. You just need to remember that these rules that we are discussing, the idh-haar, ikhfaa, idghaam etc are all to do with
noon saakinah and tanween so you either make the noon saakinah/tanween clear, conceal, change etc depending on what letters proceed the noon saakinah/tanween.
On the subject of
Tanween
I think these notes will help.
There are four types of tanween:
Tamkeen (تمكين), it is established tanween and see them after names such as zaydun, muhammadun. It is also known as tanween sarf, as they appear at the end of names, places etc that
can change such as:
muhamma
dun jameelun
Muhammad in the above senence is the mubtada (subject) and it is marfoo.
But if you place that same sentence and add harfu tawkeed it becomes:
Inna muhamma
dan jameelun
So Muhammad is now mansoob.
This is more to do with the arabic language but it explaines tanween tamkeen well.
Tankeer (تنكير), as a linguistic word it is something you do not recognise, and from this word you get words like munkar and nakeer (the two angels).
this type of tanween appears in words that are non-arabic origin, such as you may see as 'wa sibaweyh aakhir' (and another sibaweyh that we do not know of). This type of tanween is not relevant as it is not in the Qur'aan.
Muqaabalah (مقابله),
muslimeena wal-muslimaa
tun
The tanween (dhammatayn) of the female muslim is in place of the noon on the male have on the muslimeen. As to why this is the case, then this is just how it is found.
'Iwad (عوض), means its in place of something else.
e.g the word
قاضى can be seen written like
قاضٍ and so the kasratayn is in place of the ya.
another form is when it comes as in a form of thought such as: kull
un yamoot but the dhamatayn on the kull carries the word insaan so really what the sentence is: kullu insaan yamoot (every person dies) or all of us die (kulunaa yamoot).
Sometimes the tanween also comes in place of a whole sentence.
Allaah says (subhana wa ta'ala):
فَلَوْلَا إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْحُلْقُومَ
Then why do you not (intervene) when (the soul of a dying person) reaches the throat?
and in another ayah he says (subhana wa ta'ala):
وَأَنتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ تَنظُرُونَ
and you at that moment are looking.
If you look at the second ayaah, i've highlighted the word idan which in actual fact is in place of إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْحُلْقُومَ. What do this mean? That the second ayaah is saying that 'you at that moment, [when (the soul of a dying person) reaches the throat] you're looking'! Subhanallaah.
Wallaahu'3llam.