Police in Birmingham have arrested 33 people during protests by anti-fascists and a group demonstrating against Islamic fundamentalism.
One protest involved two groups known as Casuals United and the English Defence League, which police said were made up of local football fans.
Another counter-protest in the city centre was organised by Unite Against Fascism, West Midlands Police said.
Two people were injured in the disturbances which began at 1800 BST.
Police said there were "sporadic incidents of disturbance in the city centre" with the majority of the arrests being for disorder.
There was one report of criminal damage to a vehicle, but more were expected. No police officers were hurt.
'Burning flag'
Resident Gary Nichols witnessed the disturbances from his city centre flat and said he was unable to go outside for about two and a half hours.
"It was very disheartening to see," he told the BBC.
"I've never experienced anything like it before in the three years I've lived here. It really wasn't nice to see and I hope I never see it again
Gary Nichols, eyewitness
"It started off with a group of white guys who were chanting 'England, England'. I thought they were just football fans, but then a larger group of black and Asian people turned up and it all kicked off.
"You had people burning the Union flag. People were being kicked - some of them weren't anything to do with the protests.
"It all seemed to be very systematic - groups were arriving in cars and getting involved in the violence.
"It really wasn't nice to see and I hope I never see it again."
Speaking before the demonstration, on the West Midlands Police website, Superintendent Matt Ward said there had been a similar protest against Islamic fundamentalism last month, involving 70 to 90 people.
He said the protest had been "vocal" but peaceful.
Supt Ward said the police wanted to balance the rights of protesters with retailers and shoppers who wanted to use the city centre for their normal business.