The thread for all things Cisco related

[Salahudeen]

This thread is for anything Cisco related, if you have a general question about networking or just want to discuss something regarding Cisco this is the thread for it. :p

[Salahudeen]

Classes of IP addresses

Class A address: class A addresses are used for very large networks, for example major international companies. The way to identify the class of an address is to look at the first octet, if it's from 0 to 126 then it's a class A address.

Class B address: class B addresses are normally used in medium sized networks for example a college campus, Ip addresses for this class begin with 128 to 191.

Class C address: Class C addresses are usually used for small to mid size businesses, IP addresses with the first octet from 192 to 223 are normally class C addresses.

[Life_Is_Short]

How do you reset the IP address on a wireless enabled computer?

I've been trying to find out the answer to this for a long time. :(

Jazak'Allah khair

[cat eyes]

what dose cisco mean?:><:

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[Salahudeen]

How do you reset the IP address on a wireless enabled computer?

I've been trying to find out the answer to this for a long time. :(

Jazak'Allah khair

please remember I'm not an expert lol I'm still studying, and when this was covered in the first semester I was busy playing pool in the canteen :hmm: brother Abdul Qadir is much more knowledgeable alhamdulilah tabarak Allah, he would probably know the answer to your question.

Can I ask why you want to reset it? do you mean you want to change it to something else? I think you have to do that from the router settings page. try the below method but I don't think it will work if your on a wireless network. Do you mean you want to change the IP address that gets shown on the internet?

You can can reset your IP address by :

1. Opening the Windows Command Prompt located in Start -> Accessories or

Start -> Run -> Type in either "cmd" or "cmd.exe" (without the quotes)

2. Type in "ipconfig /release" (without the quotes)

3. After releasing the IP, typie in "ipconfig /renew" (without the quotes)

then you will get assigned a new IP address by the DHCP I think, but u best wait till some 1 more knowledgable confirms that. :p

what dose cisco mean?:><:

Cisco Systems, Inc. is a multinational corporation with more than 66,000 employees and annual revenue of US$39 billion as of 2008. they make network equipment. The routers in Eastern Shores libraries are from Cisco.

They're like the Microsoft of the networking industry :p they offer qualifications that are recognised by employers, qualifications that teach you all about networking. And it's highly recognised.

You know how like everyone uses Windows for an operating system, well for networking many people use Cisco products.

[cat eyes]

ok so in other words you are a geek thats why u know all these things :X

[Salahudeen]

^ insha Allah I'm on my way to becoming 1 ;D I don't know all these things if only I did :( , I'm looking them up, the point is to discuss it so that I reinforce it in my brain, kinda like a revision thread.

the best way to learn something is to discuss it, and my friends think this makes boring conversation so I can't discuss it with them imsad

[Life_Is_Short]

Yes, I've tried the above and failed. :( It actually messes up the system so i am not going to try it again./

[Salahudeen]

Yes, I've tried the above and failed. :( It actually messes up the system so i am not going to try it again./

best not try that then lol. have you tried looking into your router settings? the way I do it is by going into my router settings.

[Life_Is_Short]

best not try that then lol. have you tried looking into your router settings? the way I do it is by going into my router settings.

How do you go about doing that?

[Salahudeen]

How do you go about doing that?

You know the settings where you specified a pasword for your wireless network? you access it by opening your web browser and typing a number a in the address box. mine is 192.168.1.1 if you don't know it there's a way to find it out. you go to start>run>cmd> ipconfig/all

then the number that's given for default gate way type that in the address bar of your browser. have you passworded your wireless network?

[Vito]

How do you reset the IP address on a wireless enabled computer?

I've been trying to find out the answer to this for a long time. :(

Jazak'Allah khair

Before you start changing settings, what do you mean by resetting it?

[Salahudeen]

Before you start changing settings, what do you mean by resetting it?

I think she means changing it :omg:

[cat eyes]

You know the settings where you specified a pasword for your wireless network? you access it by opening your web browser and typing a number a in the address box. mine is 192.168.1.1 if you don't know it there's a way to find it out. you go to start>run>cmd> ipconfig/all

then the number that's given for default gate way type that in the address bar of your browser. have you passworded your wireless network?

in some universities they have there own online study group where they can ask each other questions and stuff from people actually doing the same course. my friend uses it and it helps her alot. your uni don't run a site like this?

[IslamicRevival]

Why would you want to change your router IP address? I don't think its even possible on some routers

[Salahudeen]

in some universities they have there own online study group where they can ask each other questions and stuff from people actually doing the same course. my friend uses it and it helps her alot. your uni don't run a site like this?

no imsad I think there might be one on i'm not sure, I haven't heard about it if thre is one :(

[Salahudeen]

Why would you want to change your router IP address? I don't think its even possible on some routers

Cos your banned from a particular forum or gaming server :p

[Vito]

You mean like this?

http://img683.imageshack.us/img683/1825/17693640.jpg

[cat eyes]

no imsad I think there might be one on i'm not sure, I haven't heard about it if thre is one :(

well the college that my friend goes to is very famous world wide maybe thats why they are advanced. but i think every uni should have one.. it is really helpful i have heard.

[Salahudeen]

How do you reset the IP address on a wireless enabled computer?

I've been trying to find out the answer to this for a long time. :(

Jazak'Allah khair

Well, after some research I've learnt your IP address is assigned to you by your ISP, and unless they gave you a dynamic IP address it can't be changed.

However there is 1 way that I used to do it, by using something in the router settings.

[Life_Is_Short]

You mean like this?

http://img683.imageshack.us/img683/1825/17693640.jpg

Yes when it is lost, how do you go about fixing it?

[Life_Is_Short]

Cos your banned from a particular forum or gaming server :p

Just for the record, you still can't access the banned sites.

[Vito]

Yes when it is lost, how do you go about fixing it?

So you're saying you're wireless computer doesn't have an IP address? Sorry I can be slow sometimes.

[Salahudeen]

So you're saying you're wireless computer doesn't have an IP address? Sorry I can be slow sometimes.

I'm confused too brother :hmm: lol.

[Vito]

Just for the record, you still can't access the banned sites.

Just use a proxy. Or since you have wireless, try finding another network in the area and temporarily 'borrow' their connection :P

[Salahudeen]

"Yep, go by proxy.

www.proxy4free.com/page1.html
Pick a proxy server with port 80 or 8080, preferably anonymous, and copy the IP address of that server.

In Internet Explorer
Tools > Internet Options > Connections > Lan Settings > Tick "Use a proxy server for your LAN" and put in the address and port of the proxy you pick from that list.
Click OK.

If it doesnt work, go back in, take out the proxy, OK out again, pick another proxy, and try again"

[aadil77]

anyway to change your ip address, to err... ahem bypass download limits

[Abdul Qadir]

brother Abdul Qadir is much more knowledgeable

HAHA...nonsense..im taking icnd2 right now..maybe after the exam, u can say that!!! if it pass that is!!

OSPF:

Three major things:

1) Neighbours' information
2) Link state database exchange
3) SPF algorithm is ran against the Link state database info to calculate the best possible path to available subnets..=)

Nice effort creating this thread bro squiggle...

[Vito]

Nice effort creating this thread bro squiggle...

:thumbs_up I have a really great ICND1 - 2 / CCNA book and if any of you would like some information, I can scan as many pages as you would like.

[Salahudeen]

HAHA...nonsense..im taking icnd2 right now..maybe after the exam, u can say that!!! if it pass that is!!

OSPF:

Three major things:

1) Neighbours' information
2) Link state database exchange
3) SPF algorithm is ran against the Link state database info to calculate the best possible path to available subnets..=)

Nice effort creating this thread bro squiggle...

LOL well I'm a right dope at this :statisfie hence the thread to try and become decent lol. I figured since I'm all ways on here it would be good to have something like this to refresh my brain :p

OSPF? that's a routing protocol? hmm I will memorise the 3 major things, what do you mean neighbour information? do you mean it has information about the routes that other routers have in the routing table?

2 and 3 are simple I think, when the packet is received and it's deciding upon the best path it runs an algorithem called SPF against the link stat database which is a database containing what? I'm guessing the link speed of all the interfaces/connections?

[Salahudeen]

:thumbs_up I have a really great ICND1 - 2 / CCNA book and if any of you would like some information, I can scan as many pages as you would like.

cool brother are you doing networking also? or are you qualified now? :p

[Vito]

Well by the summer time, I plan on having a CCNA and I also plan on finishing school insha'Allah. I was hoping to get it earlier so I can get a job but all these non IT classes are taking up most of my time. I have more general ed. classes than I do IT classes. Its such a waste :exhausted

[Abdul Qadir]

hmm I will memorise the 3 major things, what do you mean neighbour information?

2 and 3 are simple I think, when the packet is received and it's deciding upon the best path it runs an algorithem called SPF against the link stat database which is a database containing what? I'm guessing the link speed of all the interfaces/connections?

To be more accurate, its the neighbour's relationship..how is one particular router related to its neighbour?

yes..you are right about the 2nd and the 3rd theories..=)..keep it up...

[Abdul Qadir]

Well by the summer time, I plan on having a CCNA and I also plan on finishing school insha'Allah. I was hoping to get it earlier so I can get a job but all these non IT classes are taking up most of my time. I have more general ed. classes than I do IT classes. Its such a waste :exhausted

I agree with u..i will take a degree insyallah, just for the cert sake..i dun have any interest in all the "extras"..lol...Im taking general IT...

[Abdul Qadir]

So you're saying you're wireless computer doesn't have an IP address? Sorry I can be slow sometimes.

Of coz it has..the wireless router and the pc which uses it has the ip address....every item, e.g a pc, router, switch has two addresses...one is the hardware address which we call the mac address, the other is the 3rd layer network address which is called the ip address...when data are sent from a pc to router, it will need to find out both the hardware and network address of the intended destination. then, once the receiving end, the pc/router will first look at the mac address at the physical level. then, when it matches its own mac address, it will throw it up to the network layer confirm the intended ip address to send....

[Vito]

Of coz it has..the wireless router and the pc which uses it has the ip address....every item, e.g a pc, router, switch has two addresses...one is the hardware address which we call the mac address, the other is the 3rd layer network address which is called the ip address...when data are sent from a pc to router, it will need to find out both the hardware and network address of the intended destination. then, once the receiving end, the pc/router will first look at the mac address at the physical level. then, when it matches its own mac address, it will throw it up to the network layer confirm the intended ip address to send....

Yes I know all that :p I'm not entirely sure what exactly it is she is having a problem with. I don't know if she is asking to change her IP address? Or if she is not getting assigned an IP address. I'm just going to wait and see if she can give more information.

[Danah]

This thread is for anything Cisco related, if you have a general question about networking or just want to discuss something regarding Cisco this is the thread for it. :p

Cisco!
Bring back the old days!
I was planning to get a certificate in Cisco but for some reasons I got busy with my own major studies and I stopped thinking about it. But I while I was doing my IS studies I took some Networking classes as free elective courses.

Is there any good place I can get the Cisco certificate online?

[Abdul Qadir]

Cisco!
Bring back the old days!
I was planning to get a certificate in Cisco but for some reasons I got busy with my own major studies and I stopped thinking about it. But I while I was doing my IS studies I took some Networking classes as free elective courses.

Is there any good place I can get the Cisco certificate online?

www.pearsonvue.com

[Vito]

Here are some questions from the ICND1 book. Keep in mind that some questions have more than one answer. I'll post the answers after you're done. There is a total of 36 chapters. 18 chapters from the ICND1 book and another 18 from the ICND2 book. This right here is ICND1 material.

Routing Protocol Concepts and Configuration

1. Which of the following must be true for a static route to be installed in a router’s IP routing table?

a. The outgoing interface associated with the route must be in an “up and up” state.
b. The router must receive a routing update from a neighboring router.
c. The ip route command must be added to the configuration.
d. The outgoing interface’s ip address command must use the special keyword.


2. Which of the following commands correctly configures a static route?

a. ip route 10.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.1.130.253
b. ip route 10.1.3.0 serial 0
c. ip route 10.1.3.0 /24 10.1.130.253
d. ip route 10.1.3.0 /24 serial 0


3. Which of the following routing protocols are considered to use distance vector logic?

a. RIP
b. IGRP
c. EIGRP
d. OSPF


4. Which of the following routing protocols are considered to use link-state logic?

a. RIP
b. RIP-2
c. IGRP
d. EIGRP
e. OSPF
f. Integrated IS-IS


5. Which of the following routing protocols support VLSM?

a. RIP
b. RIP-2
c. IGRP
d. EIGRP
e. OSPF
f. Integrated IS-IS


6. Which of the following routing protocols are considered to be capable of converging quickly?

a. RIP
b. RIP-2
c. IGRP
d. EIGRP
e. OSPF
f. Integrated IS-IS


7. Router1 has interfaces with addresses 9.1.1.1 and 10.1.1.1. Router2, connected to Router1 over a serial link, has interfaces with addresses 10.1.1.2 and 11.1.1.2. Which of the following commands would be part of a complete RIP Version 2 configuration on Router2, with which Router2 advertises out all interfaces, and about all routes?

a. router rip
b. router rip 3
c. network 9.0.0.0
d. version 2
e. network 10.0.0.0
f. network 10.1.1.1
g. network 10.1.1.2
h. network 11.0.0.0
i. network 11.1.1.2


8. Which of the following network commands, following a router rip command, would cause RIP to send updates out two interfaces whose IP addresses are 10.1.2.1 and 10.1.1.1, mask 255.255.255.0?

a. network 10.0.0.0
b. network 10.1.1.0 10.1.2.0
c. network 10.1.1.1. 10.1.2.1
d. network 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0
e. network 10
f. You cannot do this with only one network command.


9. What command(s) list(s) information identifying the neighboring routers that are sending routing information to a particular router?

a. show ip
b. show ip protocol
c. show ip routing-protocols
d. show ip route
e. show ip route neighbor
f. show ip route received


10. Review the snippet from a show ip route command on a router:

R 10.1.2.0 [120/1] via 10.1.128.252, 00:00:13, Serial0/0/1

Which of the following statements are true regarding this output?

a. The administrative distance is 1.
b. The administrative distance is 120.
c. The metric is 1.
d. The metric is not listed.
e. The router added this route to the routing table 13 seconds ago.
f. The router must wait 13 seconds before advertising this route again.

[Salahudeen]

To be more accurate, its the neighbour's relationship..how is one particular router related to its neighbour?

yes..you are right about the 2nd and the 3rd theories..=)..keep it up...

Nice to see the thread active :p I've got a question for you guys, in the first semester we did CCNA exploration Version 4 Network Fundamentals but I didn't read any of the material in the chapters and fluked the exam with 58% :hmm:

anyway i learnt my lesson and this semester I'm keeping up with reading the chapters and making noties. But I was wondering do you think the stuff covered in Network Fundamentals will come up in CCNA Exploration 4 0 ERouting exam?

You see I'm doing a degree and it's all internal we don't actually get the cisco qualification :(

for the questions above, lets see how much I get right :p

1. c
2. a
3. a (note to self distance vector logic is a metric that determines the past bath according to the distance correct guys? :p)
4. don't know
5. b (VLSM was released because they were running out of IP addresses so in order to fix this issu VLSM was released, but now they are going to release IP V6.) RIP v1 doesn't support VLSM does it guys?
6. D
7. no clue need to learn about ip addressing and subnetting :(
8. don't know :(
9. don't know :(
10. hmm is it saying the administrative distance is 120?


guys how does VLSM work, my teacher said it subnets better or somethinig but I didn't understand him :(

convergance is when all the routers work together or something?

Does any1 know an easy way to learn subnetting? like a really simplified explanation? :(

[Vito]

anyway i learnt my lesson and this semester I'm keeping up with reading the chapters and making noties. But I was wondering do you think the stuff covered in Network Fundamentals will come up in CCNA Exploration 4 0 ERouting exam?

You see I'm doing a degree and it's all internal we don't actually get the cisco qualification :(

The CCNA exams are usually separate from the schools themselves (or at least in my area they are). You would have to sign up and pay for them at a testing center. I never knew that they are being offered online but, I guess you could do that too.

As far as the school material goes, if you are serious about wanting to work in this field, then definitely try to absorb as much information as you can, even if it has nothing to do with networking. Sometimes you lose some of the stuff you learn in school over time if you don't apply it in the real world but, at least you won't have to learn it again when it comes up. It will be like a refresher for you.

[Vito]

Here is the basic of VLSM. I didn't want to post too much because I don't know how far you are into it and don't want to confuse you even more. VLSM basically makes IP addressing more efficient.

Sorry if the questions were a little hard. I wasn't sure how far along you were. Maybe its best if you just post what you have trouble with and we can try to explain it for now. Then I'll post up questions :p I'll try to get some IP and subnetting material that will hopefully make it easier for you as well.

[nightingale]

Let me see how much I get right/wrong::statisfie

1. c
2. a,c,d
3. a,b
4. e,f
5. b,e,f
6. e
7. a,d,e,h
8. a
9. d
10. b,c,e

[Vito]

Here are the answers: I'll post it in white that way people who want to answer the questions don't accidentally see it.



Answers

1. A, C. A router will add a static route to the routing table as long as the outgoing interface or next-hop information is currently valid.

2. A

3. A, B

4. E, F

5. B, D, E, F

6. D, E, F

7. A, D, E, H. The configuration consists of the router rip command, the version 2 command, and the network 10.0.0.0 and network 11.0.0.0 commands. The network command uses classful network numbers as the parameter and the version 2 command is required to make the router use only RIP Version 2. Router2 does not need a network 9.0.0.0 command, because a router needs only network commands that match directly connected subnets.

8. A. The network command uses classful network numbers as the parameter, matching all of that router's interfaces whose addresses are in the classful network. The parameter must list the full network number, not just the network octets.

9. B

10. B, C. The bracketed numbers include first the administrative distance, and then the metric. The time counter (value 00:00:13) is an increasing counter that lists the time since this route was last included in a received RIP update. The counter resets to 00:00:00 upon receipt of each periodic routing update.

[Salahudeen]

Here is the basic of VLSM. I didn't want to post too much because I don't know how far you are into it and don't want to confuse you even more. VLSM basically makes IP addressing more efficient.

Sorry if the questions were a little hard. I wasn't sure how far along you were. Maybe its best if you just post what you have trouble with and we can try to explain it for now. Then I'll post up questions :p I'll try to get some IP and subnetting material that will hopefully make it easier for you as well.

Thank you akhi but I need to learn subnettng I think before VLSM will make sense to me :( do you think you could show me a step by step guide that I could follow with every IP address I have to subnet :( for example in my exam I had this question

From the following IP address fill in the table.

10.11.12.13

Subnet mask?
Network bits?
Subnet Bits = 5
Network address?
Broad cast address?
Network range?
Number of addresses?
Host bits?
Host range?
Default gateway?


I have no idea how to find out all those things from an IP addres :(

[Vito]

..............

[Vito]

Here is a pdf file that contains some subnetting exercises along with the answers and explanations at the bottom. If you still feel stuck, I'll post up a couple examples from the file and go over them with you.

http://www.mediafire.com/?zx2jvycnohd

[Vito]

From the following IP address fill in the table.

10.11.12.13

Subnet mask?
Network bits?
Subnet Bits = 5
Network address?
Broad cast address?
Network range?
Number of addresses?
Host bits?
Host range?
Default gateway?

Ok I'm just going to assume that my earlier post was correct and explain how I got what I got.



Ok they have given us the IP address which is: 10.11.12.13

Next. At first glance, it just looks like all we have is an IP address but, they provided the subnet for us. The subnet has 5 bits. The IP address is a class A network (look at the bottom for a reference) which is 10.0.0.0 | 255.0.0.0 or 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000. Since the subnet has 5 bits, that would make it 255.248.0.0 or 11111111.11111000.00000000.00000000 (I underlined the 5 bits that were added. Also scroll to the bottom for a quick lesson on binary). So now we have our subnet mask. Now to find out what the network address is, we can do a couple things. We can just subtract 248 (255.248.0.0) from 256 which = 8 or you can do that ANDing process where you take the IP address and subnet in binary form and you stack them on top of each other and wherever there is a matching 1, you copy that down as a 1. Anything else would equal a 0. For example:

10.11.12.13 = 00001010.00001011.00001100.00001101
255.248.0.0 = 11111111.11111000.00000000.00000000
_______________________________________________
10.8.0.0 .....= 00001010.00001000.00000000.00000000

Here are the network ranges:

10.0.0.0 - 10.7.255.255
10.8.0.0 - 10.15.255.255
10.16.0.0 - 10.23.255.255
10.24.0.0 - 10.31.255.255
etc...

If you notice, there is a pattern. They are going up by 8 (the number we got earlier). Since the network on the exam is 10.11.12.13, there is only 1 network from that list that fits this, which is: 10.8.0.0. (we already know this from earlier)

Blue = Network bits
Red = Subnet bits
Green = Host bits

11111111.11111000.00000000.00000000 (8 network bits, 5 subnet bits, 19 host bits = 32 bits, which is what an IP (version 4) is made up of)

Subnet mask = 255.248.0.0
Subnet Bits = 5
Network bits = 8
Network address = 10.8.0.0
Broad cast address = 10.15.255.255
Network range = 10.8.0.0 - 10.15.255.255

Number of addresses = 524288 (we get that by doing: 2^19. Remember that the 0's represent host address. Since there are 19 0's, we do 2^19.)

Host bits = 19
Host range? 10.8.0.1 - 10.15.255.254 (We can't use the first and last IP address in the network. 10.8.0.0 and 10.15.255.255)

Default gateway = Anything between 10.8.0.1 - 10.15.255.254 (as long as it is not being used)

I hope this post does more good than bad lol I tried to make it as clear as possible but sometimes I make it harder. Sorry if that is the case.

SOMEONE PLEASE CORRECT ME IF I MADE A MISTAKE







If you aren't familiar with the binary, here is how I got the values. Remember how an IP address is setup:

128|64|32|16|8|4|2|1 . 128|64|32|16|8|4|2|1 . 128|64|32|16|8|4|2|1 . 128|64|32|16|8|4|2|1


In binary, which ever slot has a 1 in it, then you take that value and add it with any other value within the same octet. For example:

10.8.0.0 | 00001010.00001011.00000000.00000000

10 = 00001010 (There is a 1 in the 8 and 2 slot so you add that and it makes 10)
8 = 00001000 (just an 8. No addition needed)
0 = 00000000 (no 1's)
0 = 00000000 (no 1's)

Another example: 192.168.1.1 | 11000000.1010100.00000001.00000001

192 = 11000000 (128 + 64 = 192)
168 = 10101000 (128 + 32 + 8 = 168)
1 = 00000001 (No addition needed)
1 = 00000001 (No addition needed)





_________________________
Class A
0.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255

Class B
128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255

Class C
192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255
_________________________

[Salahudeen]

Loving ur post brother gonna read it now :p hmm I feel stuck :embarrass I'm working through the PDF I'll post any questions that I get. jazakallah khair brother for making that post, some of it makes sense to me :)

[Salahudeen]

Problem Set 1: Converting Between Mask Formats
Problem Set 1 requires you to convert dotted decimal subnet masks to prefix format, and
vice versa. To do so, feel free to use the processes described in Chapter 12 of the
CCENT/
CCNA ICND1 Official Exam Certification Guide
(Appendix H in the
CCNA
ICND2
Official Exam Certification Guide
), or use the summarized processes listed in Appendix E,
RP-1A and RP-1B.
Convert each of the following masks to the other mask format:

1. 255.240.0.0 = 11111111.111100.00000000.00000000 = 12 bits so prefix is /12
2. 255.255.192.0 = 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 = 18 bits so prefix is /18

but brother what does /18 and /12 signify, like what does it mean, so what if you have 12 binary 1s or 18 how does that help us :s is it to do with network portion and host portion or something along those lines? I can convert them but I don't understand the point or purpose of it :s

/30 = 255.255.255.252

the PDF is very helpful akhi :p jazakallah khair I'm undetstanding it.

150.16.14.16 this is a class B address and class b addresses have 2 octets in the network portion and 2 octets in the hose portion. so the network address would be 150.16.0.0 and the network broadcast address would be 150.16.255.255 underlined are the two octets in the host portion, the reason they're 255 is because you can assign hosts of this network upto 255 different addresses? well really it would be 510 addresses wouldn't it, cos there's two octets with 255.255 in the host portion which means 510 different combinations so you could have 510 different hosts on this network?

[Vito]

Convert each of the following masks to the other mask format:

1. 255.240.0.0 = 11111111.111100.00000000.00000000 = 12 bits so prefix is /12
2. 255.255.192.0 = 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 = 18 bits so prefix is /18

but brother what does /18 and /12 signify, like what does it mean, so what if you have 12 binary 1s or 18 how does that help us :s is it to do with network portion and host portion or something along those lines? I can convert them but I don't understand the point or purpose of it :s

/30 = 255.255.255.252

the PDF is very helpful akhi :p jazakallah khair I'm undetstanding it.

Yea you're right about the significance of the prefix number. It helps you identify the network/subnet bits and host bits. The conversion part is pretty straightforward but, it is just trying to get you comfortable looking at the numbers. Try to keep this "128|64|32|16|8|4|2|1" in your head because it will make it easier as well. There are charts out there you could look at but, its better to know this stuff in your head.

150.16.14.16 this is a class B address and class b addresses have 2 octets in the network portion and 2 octets in the hose portion. so the network address would be 150.16.0.0 and the network broadcast address would be 150.16.255.255 underlined are the two octets in the host portion, the reason they're 255 is because you can assign hosts of this network upto 255 different addresses? well really it would be 510 addresses wouldn't it, cos there's two octets with 255.255 in the host portion which means 510 different combinations so you could have 510 different hosts on this network?

To find the host addresses for 150.16.14.16 /16, all you have to do is find out how many host bits there are and do 2^x-2 (x = host bit). Since there are 16 host bits, it would be 2^16 - 2 = 65534 (-2 because the beginning address 150.16.0.0 and the end address 150.16.255.255 are reserved. 150.16.0.0 is the network address and 150.16.255.255 is the broadcast address since you aren't subnetting).

150.16.0.1
150.16.0.2
150.16.0.3
150.16.0.4
150.16.0.5
150.16.0.6
150.16.0.7
etc.. (A lot of addresses :p)

255.255.0.0 = 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

I'll try to see if I can find some better exercises for you to practice on.

[Vito]

Here is an exercise to help you get more comfortable with numbers. Feel free to do as many of them as you want.

I'm going to list a bunch of IP addresses and I want you to find the following:

Network Address:
Broadcast Address:
Subnet Mask:
First available host:
Last available host:

158.242.196.33 /24
149.145.162.72 /23
163.195.70.109 /17
174.170.88.145 /28
169.228.140.26 /26
140.119.169.181 /25
145.220.230.47 /23
177.236.40.128 /29
149.248.69.21 /19
183.188.52.121 /20
187.204.31.132 /25
178.133.7.102 /28


You don't have to put them in binary form unless you want to.

[Salahudeen]

:) jazakallah khair brother.

158.242.196.33/24 class b address

network number 158.242.0.0 two octets in the network portion.

broadcast address. 158.242.255.255 two octets in host portion

it's from this point I get stuck, how do I find out the subnet mask and first available host :s

there's 24 bits network bits right, so that must mean there is 8 host bits, so then we do

2 to the power of 8 which is 256, so if we type the address in binary then it would look like this

158. 242. 196. 33
1010100 11110010 11000100 00100001


underlined is the network bits, so the last octet is left which means we have 8 host bits. then what's the next step :s

[Vito]

:) jazakallah khair brother.

158.242.196.33/24 class b address

network number 158.242.0.0 two octets in the network portion.

broadcast address. 158.242.255.255 two octets in host portion

it's from this point I get stuck, how do I find out the subnet mask and first available host :s

there's 24 bits network bits right, so that must mean there is 8 host bits, so then we do

2 to the power of 8 which is 256, so if we type the address in binary then it would look like this

158. 242. 196. 33
1010100 11110010 11000100 00100001


underlined is the network bits, so the last octet is left which means we have 8 host bits. then what's the next step :s

If we have a a Class B network with a /24, you know that there is subnetting because class b networks are /16. So that means we have 8 subnet bits.

255.255.255.0

So the ip is 158.242.196.33 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0. Remember in the pdf where you had to convert the /number, to a decimal. Its the same thing here. A /24 is the same as saying 255.255.255.0.

/24 means there are 24 1's and 8 0's.

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 So that means there are 3 octets in the network part and 1 in the host. In the beginning of your post, you say there are 2, and then later you say there are 3 (which is right) so I think you are getting mixed up with the whole class a,b,c thing. You have the right idea though, just don't let that confuse you :p.



158.242.196.33 /24

OR

158.242.196.33 | 255.255.255.0


Now because the third octet is the subnet part, we subtract that from 256 to get the subnet value. In other words, we can figure out the range for this subnet. For example: Since 255 - 256 = 1, that means our subnets will go up in increments of 1.

158.242.0.0 - 158.242.0.255 | 255.255.255.0
158.242.1.0 - 158.242.1.255 | 255.255.255.0
158.242.2.0 - 158.242.2.255 | 255.255.255.0
|
|
|
158.242.255.0 - 158.242.255.255 | 255.255.255.0

There is a total of 256 subnets.


Now we have our host range. 158.242.0.1 - 158.242.0.254. Anything between those can be a host. Since the IP address I gave you is: 158.242.196.33 /24, it can't be part of 158.242.0.0 because the subnet is 158.242.196, not 158.242.0. (I hope that made sense).


So the answer would be:

Network Address: 158.242.196.0
Broadcast Address: 158.242.196.255
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
First available host: 158.242.196.1
Last available host: 158.242.196.254


I will use the same IP with a different subnet mask and maybe it will help.

__________________________________________________ ______________

158.242.196.33 / 17

OR

158.242.196.33 | 255.255.128.0 (11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000)

128 - 256 = 128 (only 2 subnets this time)

158.242.0.0 - 158.242.127.255 (subnet #1)
158.242.128.0 - 158.242.255.255 (subnet #2)

Our IP address 158.242.196.33 would go into subnet #2 because 196 fits in that range. So our answer would be:

Network Address: 158.242.128.0
Broadcast Address: 158.242.255.255
Subnet Mask: 255.255.128.0
First available host: 158.242.128.1
Last available host: 158.242.255.254

It looks like you understand it but you get confused in some areas. Just keep practicing and insha'Allah you will get it. I will try my best to keep my posts shorter too ;D

[Abdul Qadir]

hi squiggle..managed to download the videos or not..

[★ηαѕιнα★]

what dose cisco mean?:><:

Hehe was wondering the same thing;D

[Salahudeen]

hi squiggle..managed to download the videos or not..

not yet brother :) I'm going to do it at night when Rapidshare server isn't so busy cos whenever I log on it says lots of people are downloading files and to try again in 2 minutes. :p

jazakallah khair brother may allah reward you with the best of this life and akhira ameen.

[~ Sabr ~]

I am going to see numbers in my nightmares. :skeleton:

[Muhaba]

i want to get cisco recognized qualifications. give me some details. are the courses long or short? can i study on my own or do i need tutor? is it boring or fun. thank you for your help!