You've asked such far ranging questions covering a wide range of sciences. So please forgive me if I don't answer everything you need:
format_quote Originally Posted by
WRITER
Those who are not muslims but believe in God as the Creator of the universe pose two possibilities for God:
1. That God created the universe and all within it and continuously manages it.
2. That God created the universe, placed in it scientific laws, and then left it.
An atheist will of course reject both views. But number 2 is relatively much more acceptable (because it can’t necessarily be proved or disproved, as I suggested above).
Number 1 is clearly not acceptable because an atheist believes that we already have sufficient mechanisms to describe what happens in the universe, or (where there are still gaps in our knowledge) that science will one day progress and fill those gaps (just as it has progressively done in the past).
So, for instance, Kepler’s parabolic orbits ‘improved’ Copernicus’s perfect circles as a more accurate description of planetary orbits, which fitted the data more satisfactorily.
format_quote Originally Posted by
WRITER
How do they explain this continuous unaltering and orderly process? what makes this process continuous? Why doesn't it stop or change?
Actually it does change if you hang around long enough. The earth’s orbit has not always been exactly as it is and the Sun will one day literally run of fuel and perish, taking the earth with it.
The forces that govern planetary motion have been described within Newtonian physics plus some updates – I didn’t think this was necessarily disputed by Islam?
format_quote Originally Posted by
WRITER
how do atheists and those who believe that God has no hand in the functioning of the universe explain changing weather and climates, storms, etc? why should the weather change?
The weather is one of the most fantastically complex systems to analyse, which is why forecasters get it wrong so often. We need billions of data collection points scattered through the atmosphere, not just the handful of weather stations which we have.
There are many interlocking mechanisms which affect it – sea temperature, ocean currents, sunspots, volcanic eruptions etc. Their influence is proven, but measuring and predicting the interaction is another matter.
In short, we understand most of the mechanisms, but we don’t have enough live data or a big enough computer to process it.
I would point out that there is weather on Mars and other planets, as is being measured by the Mars Rover currently. This goes on all the time without a human audience, and on countless billions of other planets throughout the universe. Is God/Allah taking the trouble to orchestrate all of these?