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abo mussaab
04-13-2013, 11:21 PM
Types of Kufr (Disbelief)
Imaam ibn Katheer
Source: Tafseer Ibn Katheer


The following information was excerpted from the appendices to the English translation of the tafseer Ibn Katheer.

The Qur'aan uses the word kufr to denote people who cover up or hide realities. The Qur'aan uses this word to identify those who denied Allah’s favors by not accepting His Dominion and Authority. Kufr thus is an antonym for Imaan or disbelief in Allah and a Kaafir is a non-believer. This type of Kufr is called al-kufr al-akbar or major kufr. There are many types of Al-Kufr al-Akbar:

1. Kufr al-'Inaad: Disbelief out of stubborness. This applies to someone who knows the truth and admits to knowing the truth and admits to knowing it with his tongue, but refuses to accept it and refrains from making a declaration. Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) says:

أَلْقِيَا فِي جَهَنَّمَ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ عَنِيدٍ
« Throw into Hell every stubborn disbeliever. » (Surah Qaaf (50), Ayah 24)

2. Kufr al-Inkaar: Disbelief out of denial. This applies to someone who denies with both heart and tongue. Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) says:

يَعْرِفُونَ نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُنْكِرُونَهَا وَأَكْثَرُهُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ
« They recognize the favors of Allah, yet they deny them. Most of them are disbelievers.
» (Surah Nahl (16), Ayah 83)

3. Kufr al-Kibr: Disbelief out of arrogance and pride. The disbelief by the devil (Iblees) is an example of this type of Kufr.

4. Kufr al-Juhood: Disbelief out of rejection. This applies to someone who aknowledges the truth in his heart, but rejects it with his tongue. This types of kufr is applicable to those who calls themselves Muslims but who reject any necessary and accepted norms of Islam such as Salaat and Zakat. Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) says:

وَجَحَدُوا بِهَا وَاسْتَيْقَنَتْهَا أَنْفُسُهُمْ ظُلْمًا وَعُلُوًّا فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُفْسِدِينَ
« They denied them (OUR SIGNS) even though their hearts believed in them , out of spite and arrogance. » (Surah Naml (27), Ayah 14)

5. Kufr an-Nifaaq: Disbelief out of hypocrisy. This applies to someone who pretends to be a believer but conceals his disbelief. Such a person is called a munafiq or hypocrite. Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) says: « Verily the hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of Hell. You will find no one to help them. (Surah An Nisaa (4), Ayah 145)

6. Kufr al-Istihaal: Disbelief out of trying to make halal into halal. This applies to someone who accepts as lawful (halal) that which Allah has made unlawful (haram) like alcohol or adultery. Only Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) has the prerogative to make things halal and halal and those who seek to interfere with His right are like rivals to Him and therefore fall outside the boundries of faith.

7. Kufr al-Kurh: Disbelief out of detesting any of Allah's (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) commands. Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) says:

وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَتَعْسًا لَهُمْ وَأَضَلَّ أَعْمَالَهُمْ ٨ ذَٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَرِهُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فَأَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالَهُمْ
« Perdition (destruction) has been consigned to those who disbelieve and He will render their actions void. This is because they are averse to that which Allah has revealed so He has made their actions fruitless. » (Surah Muhammed (47), Ayah 8-9)

8. Kufr al-Istihzaha: Disbelief due to mockery and derision. Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) says: « Say: Was it Allah, His signs and His apostles that you were mocking off? Make no excuses. You have disbelieved after you have believed. » (Surah Taubah (9), ayah 65-66)

9. Kufr al-I'raadh: Disbelief due to avoidance. This applies to those who turn away and avoid the truth. Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) says:

وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ ذُكِّرَ بِآيَاتِ رَبِّهِ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهَا وَنَسِيَ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ
« And who is more unjust than he who is reminded of his Lord's signs but then turns away from them. Then he forgets what he has sent forward (for the Day of Judgment). » (Surah Kahf (18), Ayah 57)

10. Kufr al-Istibdaal: Disbelief because of trying to substitute Allah's Laws. This could take the form of:

Ø Rejection of Allah's law (Sharee'ah) without denying it.
Ø Denial of Allah's law and therefore rejecting it.
Ø Substituting Allah's laws with man-made laws.

Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) says:

أَمْ لَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ شَرَعُوا لَهُمْ مِنَ الدِّينِ مَا لَمْ يَأْذَنْ بِهِ اللَّهُ
« Or have they partners with Allah who have instituted for them a religion which Allah has not allowed. » (Surah Shuraa (42), Ayah 21)

Allah (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) says:

وَلَا تَقُولُوا لِمَا تَصِفُ أَلْسِنَتُكُمُ الْكَذِبَ هَٰذَا حَلَالٌ وَهَٰذَا حَرَامٌ لِتَفْتَرُوا عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْتَرُونَ عَلَى اللَّهِ الْكَذِبَ لَا يُفْلِحُونَ
« Say not concerning that which your tongues put forth falsely (that) is lawful and this is forbidden so as to invent a lie against Allah. Verily, those who invent a lie against Allah will never prosper. » (Surah Nahl (16), Ayah 116)
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