Assalaamu alaikum Ardianto,
Mmm... but is it
true what you are asserting? I mean, can we really extrapolate from a few close individuals and determine that the whole world is represented? Asking
why are the majority of gossipers and backbiters women, without even ascertaining that this is even true, is rather like asking a man
when was the last time you beat your wife? (smile) Maybe the man has never beaten his wife...
(smile) I did a quick internet search on the subject. The general media was full of titles like: new study says men gossip more than women!!! (smile) However, I don't really consider such sites as reliable. So I had a quick look at the scientific literature (type
nih after your search terms to find these) . This was a bit more interesting. Here, you can read explorations of what
gossip means (and different people can define it differently). You can read about how generally people tend to think that they gossip less than the "average person". And that both men and women like to gossip, though they may engage in gossip in subtly different ways. (smile) And then, you can also read about the possible social
usefulness of gossip...
As for backbiting, it seems to me that this is a sub-category of gossip. I see terms such as
positive gossip, negative gossip and
neutral gossip. Perhaps backbiting would be negative gossip?
(smile) Exchanging news and inquiring after people is not necessarily a bad thing. It can actually bring much benefit, I think.
As for backbiting, there are various ahadith about this. Here is one:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:
Do you know what is backbiting? They (the Companions) said: Allah and His Messenger know best. Thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Backbiting implies your talking about your brother in a manner which he does not like. It was said to him: What is your opinion about this that if I actually find (that failing) in my brother which I made a mention of? He said: If (that failing) is actually found (in him) what you assert, you in fact backbited him, and if that is not in him it is a slander.
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، وَقُتَيْبَةُ، وَابْنُ، حُجْرٍ قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، عَنِ الْعَلاَءِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " أَتَدْرُونَ مَا الْغِيبَةُ " . قَالُوا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ . قَالَ " ذِكْرُكَ أَخَاكَ بِمَا يَكْرَهُ " . قِيلَ أَفَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ كَانَ فِي أَخِي مَا أَقُولُ قَالَ " إِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ مَا تَقُولُ فَقَدِ اغْتَبْتَهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِيهِ فَقَدْ بَهَتَّهُ " .
Reference |
: Sahih Muslim 2589 |
In-book reference |
: Book 45, Hadith 91 |
USC-MSA web (English) reference |
: Book 32, Hadith 6265 |
(deprecated numbering scheme) |
http://sunnah.com/muslim/45/91
So it seems that backbiting and slander (which are serious sins) are the type of
negative comments that a person would be upset were passed on. Passing on general news about a person and positive comments, it seems to me, should generally (there are always exceptions...) be ok.
(mulling) Does this mean we can
never speak about something problematic in another? The following hadith sheds some light on this, I think (this is not the Prophet's (SAWS) words, however, but a comment by a thoughtful and knowledgeable person):
Amr bin Alī and Hasan al-Hulwānī narrated to me, both of them on authority of Affān bin Muslim, he said:
‘We were near Ismā’īl bin Ulayyah, and a man narrated on authority of another man, so I said: ‘Indeed this is not reliable (Thabt)’. So the man said: ‘Are you backbiting him?’ Ismā’īl said: ‘He is not backbiting him; rather he is judging him unreliable’.
حَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، وَحَسَنٌ الْحُلْوَانِيُّ، كِلاَهُمَا عَنْ عَفَّانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، قَالَ كُنَّا عِنْدَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ابْنِ عُلَيَّةَ فَحَدَّثَ رَجُلٌ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ هَذَا لَيْسَ بِثَبْتٍ . قَالَ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ اغْتَبْتَهُ . قَالَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ مَا اغْتَابَهُ . وَلَكِنَّهُ حَكَمَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِثَبْتٍ .
Reference |
: Sahih Muslim Introduction 84 |
In-book reference |
: Introduction, Narration 84 |
http://sunnah.com/muslim/introduction/84
This, it seems to me, makes sense: we can express our opinions on a relevant topic concerning another person. This is not backbiting.
Furthermore, when we need to clear a person's name of a false accusation, when we need to warn others to protect them from wrongdoers, or when we are seeking redress for an injustice... in these cases, we are not just idly or maliciously talking about another person, but trying to
enjoin good and forbid wrongdoing (as we are Commanded in the Qur'an in multiple places, such as 3:110).
We can also seek help from those around us. For instance, when we don't know what to do, or what we should do (especially when we are in pain), sometimes we need to talk about our interactions with others. And sometimes, these others have not behaved very well. There are various ahadith of people coming to the Prophet (SAWS) in such a way. And these people were listened to, with no rebukes for having spoken. For instance:
It was narrated that 'Aishah said:
"Praise is to Allah Whose hearing encompasses all voices. The woman who disputed concerning her husband (Al-Mujadilah) came to the Prophet when I was (sitting) in a corner of the house, and she complained about her husband, but I did not hear what she said. The Allah revealed: 'Indeed Allah has heard the statement of her that disputes with you concerning her husband.'"
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ تَمِيمِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي وَسِعَ سَمْعُهُ الأَصْوَاتَ، لَقَدْ جَاءَتِ الْمُجَادِلَةُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ وَأَنَا فِي نَاحِيَةِ الْبَيْتِ تَشْكُو زَوْجَهَا وَمَا أَسْمَعُ مَا تَقُولُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ {قَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّتِي تُجَادِلُكَ فِي زَوْجِهَا} .
Grade |
: Sahih (Darussalam) |
|
English reference |
: Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 188 |
Arabic reference |
: Book 1, Hadith 193 |
http://sunnah.com/urn/1251870
(smile) Anyway, these are the thoughts I have been having regarding your question, Ardianto. I was wondering whether your assertion about women is true... I was wondering what exactly gossip is... and I was wondering what are the
limits to expressing misbehaviours. (smile) So thank you for your question; it was thought-provoking!
May Allah, the Just, Help us to know when to speak and when to be silent... and Strengthen us to do what is Pleasing to Him.