Asalamualykum dear brother or sister.
Please know that the the attibutes and traits you have described are not part of Islam but rather is a reflection of the individual. Islam does not teach us to be disrespectful to people, harm anyone physically or emotionally nor does it teach us to have pride or ego. In fact if anyone has an atom of pride they will not enter jannah so this is a serious flaw in a person and it is something they need to work on if this is the case.
By what you have described Islam is not truly practised by the people that you love and if you do not know how to pray then brother/sister this must be your first priority in life insha Allah. Focus on the faraz/compulsory acts first and then teach yourself everything else.
As our brother has mentioned enrol on Islamic courses and teach yourself because knowledge is faraz/compulsory on us all. Also through knowledge we are able to make wise decisions for ourselves and save ourselves from sin and harm.
A good place to start is by visiting
http://kalamullah.com/
You can find how to pray, what to recite, how we should behave as Muslims, how we should improve our character, how we should treat our parents and many more relevant and interesting reads on this site insha Allah.
If you struggle speaking to your dad then please write a letter about how you feel and how his treatment is against Islam. Advise him you are there for him and you can ease his burden by helping out when he needs you. Maybe this will help him relax a little around you & your mum?
May Allah swt ease your situation Ameen.