Salam my Brother!
Astaghfirallah, wow! You really do have it a tough situation that a lot of us won't know or even understand what it's like to be in such a position. Astaghfirallah. No doubt, Allah is All-Aware and knows what you're going through. And knowing THAT itself, may give relief insha'Allah.
So as I've said right here, I've never been through your position and you're a very tough Muslim/person for going through it. But with me not fully knowing your position, I cannot give perfect/accurate advice on your situation because you from all people know the situation better. So do bear with me as I try and understand. May Allah make it easy on you, ameen!
With that being said:
When I had suggested defending yourself, I was assuming the situation was not past just a few "small" insults. But it seems to me now that your situation is far greater than just a few insults here and there. So I would actually suggest NOT defending yourself whatsoever, only because it does not seem that your father wants or even cares to listen to you. He doesn't mind a fight back. So to avoid things that could make it worse from your own hands, I'd suggest to just allowing him to say all the rubbish he says towards you. And Allah knows how difficult of a task that is, astaghfirallah. May Allah reward you, ameen.
My suggestion from a psychological perspective would be to create a type of ENERGY barrier between your father and you. For example, if he is in a bad mood, it then won't affect your mood. So for any time that he curses at you or insults, you won't be affected by his words - simply due to the fact that you've created an energy barrier between him and you.
THIS will reject his negative energy that comes towards you, which will leave you less or not harmed. It seems that maybe you are more on the sensitive side, which means you are more of a kind hearted individual who takes things personally (rightfully so).
Although this is a blessing, it also can be a curse. But you have to learn and understand that the "sensitive you" is not the ONLY "you". YOU have an ability within yourself, to stand firm of your belief and emotion and to reject any other type of negative emotion that may try and come and disrupt/damage your heart and happiness. This is called the "beast" inside of you (in simple terms). See, the misconception that people have is that the "beast" or the "manly" version of themselves only resort to some type of physical strength, but that is not true.
Hadith of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) said that a true man is NOT who can out-wrestle someone physically, but the one who can control his anger when angry. Why? Because THAT is the "beast" within that is activated. A beast within understands that they DO have the power to fight back (physically/verbally), but CHOOSE (out of their mercy and strength) not to. And THIS is the hard, yet REWARDING task/skill to be built upon.
Every human comes with this ability. YOU just have to find it within yourself. You have to BELIEVE in yourself.
YOU are a Slave of Allah, so we carry the HONOR to that title, Allah Hu-Akbar!
"Will Allah accept my fathers dua?"
Let me ask you this. Would the Most-Merciful, Most-Perfect accept a dua from an OPPRESSOR or from the oppressed? The answer is very well known, your Raab is with you my brother. He does not like acts of violence and rudeness.
My suggestion to this would be, when you hear your father make a dua - Counter that dua with a dua of protection for you and a request for Jannah (in this life & the Next).
For example: If he makes dua for something bad to happen to you, this is how I would suggest your dua to be... "Ya Allah, protect me from the harm my father is saying towards me AND from all harms of this world and in the Hereafter. And Ya Allah, give me Jannah in this life and Jannat-ul Firdous in the Hereafter, Ameen"!
*Bonus points if you call our Lord by His Names ("Oh Allah, the Protector, the Guardian, protect me from....")*
And always make dua to Allah as if you're talking to Him right then and there. So assume He is not far (because He isn't). So try not to say when making dua "I pray that Allah protects me from... so and so", because naturally you're telling your own mind & soul that He is distant, far from you, when Indeed, Allah is closer to you than your own jugular vein. (Reference from Allah in the Quran 50:16)
Those are my suggestions, but do realize brother, you ARE getting like... utmost sawab insha'Allah if you handle it the way that Allah wants you to handle it.
This hardship is destined to happen to you whether you want to take the WRONG path or RIGHT path. Realize that. So going through all this rubbish, if you handle this hardship right now in the way of Allah, then wow are you making the most of it, subhanAllah. WAllahi, then you're SUCHHH a blessed person, that you and me and no one even KNOWS how blessed you are, masha'Allah insha'Allah. Trust me brother, you'll LOVE this part of your life on the Day we stand before Hell and Heaven with our Deeds on our sides. SO LONG... as you handle this correctly, insha'Allah. Astaghfirallah.
Do your best not to be rude to your father, just don't associate his words to you. They're meaningless. They carry no weight. Understand that he is coming from a place of misery himself (may Allah guide us all), because NO happy man would do/say such things. So understand that he ALREADY is suffering mentally, whether he shows it or shows it not. So understanding that, insha'Allah you'll then also take his words as useless and meaningless words that are coming from a place of anger towards his OWN self and his own life. It's the clear psychology of a man who acts as such. Astaghfirallah, may Allah make it easy on us all, and may Allah guide us all on the right path, ameen.
- Faraz from "FarTaha Theory"
https://linktr.ee/FarTaha_Theory