All Praise is due to Allah, Lord of the world, Master of the Day of Judgement and Peace and Blessing be upon our Beloved Prophet Muhammad, His family and Companions.
Dear Brother in Islam, with regards to the question you posted, I have come a cross with certain Article on the Internet and I have picked the Phrase concerning Alcohol consumtion and it's prohibition by Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'alah.
Imam Ahmad narrated on the authority of Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came to Madinah at a time when people were drinking wine and earning money by means of gambling. When they asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) about that the following verse was revealed: "They ask you (O Muhammad (peace be upon him) concerning alcoholic drink and gambling. Say: "In them is a great sin, and (some) benefit for men, but the sin of them is greater than their benefit"" (2:219) When this verse was revealed, people understood that the verse did not include a clear prohibition, rather it illustrated the harms and the sins incurred by them both. They continued drinking alcohol till a day when a man from the immigrants led the Maghrib (sunset) prayer and, having drunk alcohol, committed a lot of mistakes in recitation. Then, another verse, which is somehow more strict than the above was revealed. Allah [may He be Glorified] said: "O you who believe! Approach not As-Salât (the prayer) when you are in a drunken state until you know (the meaning) of what you utter)." (4:43) People continued to drink alcohol except before prayers, in order to come to the prayer in full senses. Then the following verse was revealed: "O you who believe! Intoxicants (all kinds of alcoholic drinks), and gambling, and Al-Ansâb, and Al-Azlâm (arrows for seeking luck or decision) are an abomination of Shaitân's (Satan) handiwork. So avoid (strictly all) that (abomination) in order that you may be successful. Shaitân (Satan) wants only to excite enmity and hatred between you with intoxicants (alcoholic drinks) and gambling, and hinder you from the remembrance of Allâh and from As-Salât (the prayer). So, will you not then abstain?". (5:90)
When this last verse was revealed all the Muslims said: "We abstain O our Lord". Some people asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) about the condition of those who were used to drink alcohol and practice gambling and died before that prohibition. Then, the following verse was revealed: "Those who believe and do righteous good deeds, there is no sin on them for what they ate (in the past), if they fear Allâh (by keeping away from His forbidden things), and believe and do righteous good deeds, and again fear Allâh and believe, and once again fear Allâh and do good deeds with Ihsân (perfection). And Allâh loves the good-doers)." (5:93) Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said to his Companions: "If it was made unlawful for them they would have abstained from them as you did." [Musnad Al-Imam Ahmad, 2/351,352]. On the authority of Anas bin Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) who said that he was the cupbearer in the house of Abu Talhah. When alcohol was prohibited, an announcer was ordered (by the Prophet) to declare its prohibition among people. Abu Talhah asked Anas to go out to investigate the matter. When Anas told him about the prohibition of alcohol, Abu Talhah ordered Anas to spill all the alcohol they had. Anas said that the streets of Madinah were streaming with alcohol because all the people spilt out their alcohol, which was known as Fadîkh. Some people talked about the fate of those who died before it was made unlawful and used to drink it. Then, this verse was revealed: "Those who believe and do righteous good deeds, there is no sin on them for what they ate (in the past), if they fear Allâh (by keeping away from His forbidden things), and believe and do righteous good deeds, and again fear Allâh and believe, and once again fear Allâh and do good deeds with Ihsân (perfection)." (5:93)
From all what is said above we can conclude that the prohibition of alcohol was made gradually in three stages. The first stage was when this verse was revealed:
"They ask you (O Muhammad (peace be upon him) concerning alcoholic drink and gambling. Say: "In them is a great sin, and (some) benefit for men, but the sin of them is greater than their benefit"" (2:219). Though this was not a decisive prohibition, those of strong faith managed to give up drinking alcohol. Then, 'Umar bin Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
"O Allah give us a decisive ruling regarding alcohol". Then, this verse was revealed: "O you who believe! Approach not As-Salât (the prayer) when you are in a drunken state until you know (the meaning) of what you utter." (4:43) Afterwards, Muslims continued drinking alcohol and only avoided it at the times they apprehended that the effect of intoxication would last till the time of prayer. Then, 'Umar bin Al-Khattab said: "O Allah give us a decisive ruling regarding alcohol". Then these two verses were revealed:
"O you who believe! Intoxicants (all kinds of alcoholic drinks), and gambling, and Al-Ansâb, and Al-Azlâm (arrows for seeking luck or decision) are an abomination of Shaitân's (Satan) handiwork. So avoid (strictly all) that (abomination) in order that you may be successful. Shaitân (Satan) wants only to excite enmity and hatred between you with intoxicants (alcoholic drinks) and gambling, and hinder you from the remembrance of Allâh and from As-Salât (the prayer). So, will you not then abstain?" (5:90) Upon listening to these two verses, 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "We have abstained."
The aim of gradual legislation was to purify the Muslim Nation from all the bad traditions and abominable habits that opposed the law of Allah and to perfect the Muslims with the virtues of forgiveness, patience, selflessness, love, trust, kind treatment of the neighbours, justice and many other good qualities.
Allah [may He be Glorified] is the sole Legislator for His servants. He [may He be Glorified] said: "The decision is only for Allâh, He declares the truth, and He is the Best of judges." (6:57) It is worth mentioning that He only legislates that which benefits people and bring about goodness and happiness in this world and in the Hereafter, regardless of whether the wisdom behind the legislation is perceived or not.
The Holy Qur'an is the first source for legislation, while the Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) is the second source. The scholars unanimously agreed on the authority of the Sunnah as a source of legislation beside the Holy Qur'an. Allah [may He be Glorified] said: "O you who believe! Obey Allâh and obey the Messenger (Muhammad (peace be upon him) and those of you (Muslims) who are in authority. (And) if you differ in anything amongst yourselves, refer it to Allâh and His Messenger (peace be upon him), if you believe in Allâh and in the Last Day. That is better and more suitable for final determination)." (4:59). In another verse Allah [may He be Glorified] said: "With clear signs and Books (We sent the Messengers). And We have also sent down unto you (O Muhammad (peace be upon him)) the Dhikr (reminder and the advice (i.e. the Qur'ân)] that you may explain clearly to men what is sent down to them, and that they may give thought." (16:44). In a third place He [may He be Glorified] said: "And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad (peace be upon him)) gives you, take it;
and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it). And fear Allâh; verily, Allâh is Severe in punishment." (59:7)
CONCLUSION:
Thus Allah has forbade us but the reasons are with Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'alah and it is not in our best to justify the reason but to say we have abstained. I hope it helped and am really sorry if the reply is too time consuming, just thought of clarifying your doubts.
SOURCES:
http://www.qurancomplex.org/infoquran.asp
Jazakumullahu khair