"...‘Ashooraa' is the 10th day of Muharram. On this day Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) fasted in Makkah with Quraysh. When He migrated to Madeenah, he found the Jews fasting on this day. He continued fasting on that day and ordered the Muslims to fast too. Afterward Allah legislated the fasting during the month of Ramadan. Then, the fast of ‘Ashooraa' became a supererogatory fast. So, it is likable for a Muslim to fast on this day. If one fasts on this day, it is better to fast the 9th of Muharram also to oppose the Jews.
[...]
Imam at-Tirmithi may Allah have mercy upon him narrated from Abu Qatadah may Allah be pleased with him that the Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu `alayhi wa sallam ( may Allah exalt his mention ) said: "I hope from Allah that the fast on the day of ‘Ashooraa' atones for the sins of the preceding year."
Moreover, Imam Ahmad may Allah have mercy upon him narrated that "it atones the sins of two years, past and subsequent year"...."
Yes, the Hadith books have much of its significance.
Narrated/Authority of Aisha
The people used to fast on Ashura (the tenth day of the month of Muharram) before the fasting of Ramadan was made obligatory. And on that day the Ka'ba used to be covered with a cover. When Allah made the fasting of the month of Ramadan compulsory, Allah's Apostle said, "Whoever wishes to fast (on the day of Ashura) may do so; and whoever wishes to leave it can do so."
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