There are plenty of threads open here on this topic that you can explore. Just a quick summary is this:
Quran:
Allaah says in Soorat Luqmaan (interpretation of the meaning):
“And of mankind is he who purchases idle talks (i.e. music, singing) to mislead (men) from the path of Allaah…” [Luqmaan 31:6]
The scholar of the ummah, Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: this means singing. Mujaahid (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: this means playing the drum (tabl). (Tafseer al-Tabari, 21/40).
Al-Hasan al-Basri (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: this aayah was revealed concerning singing and musical instruments (lit. woodwind instruments). (Tafseer Ibn Katheer, 3/451).
Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: The interpretation of the Sahaabah and Taabi’in, that ‘idle talk’ refers to singing, is sufficient.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“[Allaah said to Iblees:] And befool them gradually those whom you can among them with your voice…” [al-Israa’ 17:64]
It was narrated that Mujaahid (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: “And befool them gradually those whom you can among them with your voice” – his voice [the voice of Iblees/Shaytaan] is singing and falsehood.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“Do you then wonder at this recitation (the Qur’aan)?
And you laugh at it and weep not,
Wasting your (precious) lifetime in pastime and amusements (singing)”
[al-Najm 53:59-61]
‘Ikrimah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: it was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas that al-sumood [verbal noun from saamidoon, translated here as “Wasting your (precious) lifetime in pastime and amusements (singing)”] means “singing”, in the dialect of Himyar; it might be said “Ismidi lanaa” [‘sing for us’ – from the same root as saamidoon/sumood] meaning “ghaniy” [sing]. And he said (may Allaah have mercy on him): When they [the kuffaar] heard the Qur’aan, they would sing, then this aayah was revealed.
Hadith:
The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
“Among my ummah there will certainly be people who permit zinaa, silk, alcohol and musical instruments…” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari ta’leeqan, no. 5590; narrated as mawsool by al-Tabaraani and al-Bayhaqi. See al-Silsilah al-Saheehah by al-Albaani, 91).
This hadeeth indicates in two ways that musical instruments and enjoyment of listening to music are haraam. The first is the fact that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said:
”At the end of time, there will be some people who will consider illegal sexual intercourse, the wearing of silk (for men), the drinking of Khamr (intoxicant) and the use of musical instruments as lawful. Allah will make the earth sink with them” [Bukhari]
you can read more on this here:
https://islamqa.info/en/5000
how is music considered speech of shaytan?
check here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ONbvC8vfKTQ
This is a vast topic as there many things covered under it. Such as that nasheed are allowed while singing with musical instruments is not. And the daff/duff (one sided drum) is allowed where as musical instruments are not. But if you want to go into more technical stuff then that daff too was allowed by women only during weddings times or during war time and not for these recreational playtime and amusements. Like I said, it's a vast topic with varied opinions.
For laymen, it's sufficient to say music is not allowed. For those interested in in-depth reading, there's plenty out there, including secular studies showing how music influences the brain and changes it.
The shia believe that scholars are infallible and equal to God, but the Sunni Islam does not teach that. The scholars are inheirtors of the prophets since prophets leave nothing behind but knowledge. Islamic law and rulings are dervived from three things, the Quran, hadith/sunnah, and rulings for the previous generation of scholars.
For example, Prophet (peace be upon him) said: ”Allah has forbidden Khamr, gambling, Kubah (drums), and every intoxicant.”
So we know khamr (alcohol) is forbidden. What we also know from this is that every intoxicant is forbidden as well. As such, if there is medicine that has ingredients that lead to intoxication then scholars will rule that medicine as haram. This ruling would be dervived from the hadith stated above and any other similar evidence found in the Quran/sunnah and the rulings prevous islamic jurists issued.
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