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Want to find books on Seven Qira'at

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    Ahmad H's Avatar Full Member
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    Want to find books on Seven Qira'at

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    Salaam everyone,

    I wanted to know if there are any books, at this point either in English or also in Arabic (though I only have basic knowledge of Arabic) which have all the different Qira'at in them. I wanted to have some resources to look into this matter and understand it better. So far after searching so much, I haven't found any information on this. I only saw one video with ten recitations of Surah Fatiha. But I am looking for information that is written on it, explains it, and clarifies what it is and hopefully tells me what the differences in the recitations are.

    It would really help me to further my knowledge of the Qur'an. I don't think I can fully grasp its meanings from the Arabic text if I don't peek into this area of knowledge at least. It would be a great help to me.

    Jazakallah.
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    Muhammad's Avatar Administrator
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    Re: Want to find books on Seven Qira'at



    This is a really good book in English which gives an insight into the various sciences of the Qur'an, including the Qira'at and Ahruf:
    http://www.islamicbookstore.com/b4260.html (An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'aan, by Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi)
    I think it is downloadable here: http://www.kalamullah.com/al-quran.html

    Another one to check might be Ulum al-Qur'an, by Ahmed von Denffer (listed on same page on Kalamullah). And there may be others there too.

    I think these two chapters of Yasir Qadhi's book have been uploaded here:
    http://www.bismikaallahuma.org/archi...of-the-quraan/
    http://www.bismikaallahuma.org/archi...-of-the-quran/

    And here's a couple of threads on the forum:
    http://www.islamicboard.com/quran/12...aat-ahruf.html
    http://www.islamicboard.com/quran/29...en-styles.html
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    Want to find books on Seven Qira'at



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    Muhaba's Avatar Full Member
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    Re: Want to find books on Seven Qira'at

    Ulum Ul Quran is an excellent book and everyone should read it. I read a book on this topic in Arabic written by a Syrian. It had some stuff that the English one doesn't, like about the various ways in which the Quran is unique. A truly great book.
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    Rawh's Avatar Limited Member
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    Re: Want to find books on Seven Qira'at

    Salaam,

    I'll answer your question on which books to look into - but before that I'm not sure you understand the reality of the Qira'at so I will explain them to you briefly here.

    The Qira'at (traditionally, you would most likely learn all 10 at the same time, but we will get to this later) are a really advanced topic in Ulum al Qur'an. At the very least, to learn them, the individual needs to have a lot of prerequisite knowledge - his foundational knowledge in Tajweed very, very solid. This means, you have studied the classical texts - at the very least Tuhfatul Atfaal (which covers Noon/Tanween/Meem Saakin, Idhgaam and its types, and Mudood) and the Muqadimmah of Ibn Al Jazari. The Muqadimmah of Imam Ibn Al Jazari is the premier text in learning Tajweed as it covers Makharij (points of articulation), Sifaat (attributes of the letters), rules of Waqf and Ibtidaa (stopping and starting), Maqtu' and Mawsul (that which is written together and seperate for example: الا vs ان لّا - pronounced the same but are written differently in different places in the mushaf), Taa ul-Ta'neeth (the feminine taa and where it is used for example رحمة vs رحمت) and other intricacies of Rasm al Khat, which is writing of the Qur'an. It will take some time to learn this as you will need a teacher to explain these texts to you so you understand them at a deep level. In addition, you will have to be able to apply this in your recitation such that the correct recitation becomes second nature to you. The nature of the Qira'at is that, if basic foundational tajweed is not second nature to you, the ikhtilaaf of the Qurra will be too complicated for you to keep track of

    Now - let's understand what the Qira'at are. Assuming you've read the links above from the excerpts of Dr. Qadhi's book - you should have a decent idea of what the Qira'at are and what types of differences you can expect.

    There are two levels of studying the 10 Qira'at.

    The first is learning what's known as Ashara Sughra - which is learning the 7 from Hirz al Aamani - also known as Shatibiyyah by Imam Shatibi. This covers the 7 Qurra (Naafi, Ibn Katheer, Abu Amr, Ibn Aamir, Aasim, Hamza, Kisaai). The next three are supplemented in Durrah by Imam Ibn Al Jazari and they contain the rules for the remaining 3 (Abu Jafar, Yaqoob and Khalaf al-Aashir). Learning the 10 Qira'at from these two texts is known as learning the 10 minor recitations. You will have to start from here if you want to learn the 10.

    The second, once you've completed learning Ashara Sughra you move on to Ashara Kubraa - the 10 major recitations. You learn this from Tayyibatun Nashr fi Qira'at al Ashr - which is a poem by Imam Ibn Al Jazari containing the rules for all 10 Qurra in one place. This the most advanced text in this science.

    We can talk about the differences between Sughra and Kubraa as that is an advanced topic in and of itself. But it suffices to say that if you want to be a student of this science, you would do well to find a teacher and learn from him and take it step by step.

    The best way to learn and it's the way that I was taught, in my opinion, is to understand WHERE the ikhtilaaf occur and learn who does what, where FIRST and then move on to application. There are two categories of differences in the Qira'at and we denote them by saying Usool and Furoosh.

    We can define Usool as a rule that occurs throughout the Qur'an, universally. There are probably around 15-20 different types of Asli rules that you will have to know very well. An example is, a rule called Sila' Meem al Jama' - which is taking every meem saakin that denotes a plural and adding a waw after. So 'Alayhim is recited as Alayhimoo in situations of Wasl (continuing, not stopping). Who does this? Qaloon (with a choice), Warsh (only if it's followed by a Hamza Qati') Ibn Katheer, and Abu Ja'far. Now, every time you see that situation you remember what to do there. Similarly, there are other rules that you will apply in specific scenarios.

    Furoosh are specific changes that do not follow a rule. For example, Maaliki vs Maliki in surah fatiha. This only occurs in Surah Fatiha specifically and not at every instance of Maaliki. These are scattered throughout the Qur'an and the only to learn them is to memorize them.

    Learn the rules first and then you will have to learn to recite in Jam' - probably how it was recited in the video you watched of Surah Al Fatiha. As I am new, I cannot post links. However, go to YouTube and search for 'The 10 Authentic Recitations - Qari Uthman Khan' and you will hear an example of how recitation in Jam' is done. This is not a recitation valid for prayer and is only used for teaching/learning purposes. You will have to learn to recite this way accounting for each difference as you recite. This helps the student familiarize himself and eventually master the different rules.

    ----There's a lot more that can be said. But if you have questions, feel free to ask. If I know I will answer, if not I will ask my teachers and get back to you inshaAllah.

    Moving on to your question on books- The issue with books is that, at the most they can only tell you what the Qira'at are and why they're there. They cannot teach you the rules nor the recitation. The only way to learn this is with a teacher and supplement that with books. As far as I know, there are no books in the English language that really do this subject a good job. You can check out abouttajweed[dot]com - they have some good articles and answers to questions.

    Once you've learned the rules, you would most likely use a Mushaf that has the rules written in it to help you learn. You can download the following Mushaf as Sahabah- www[dot]archive[dot]org/download/msqammsqam/msqam.pdf

    What that Mushaf does is takes every page, and on the margins tells you what the differences are on that page for each Qaari. Very useful when learning to recite. That is not the best one out there, but it's the only one in PDF that I can find.

    There are other explanations that you can use in your study of Shatibiyyah that I would recommend. Budoor al Zaahirah by Abdul Fattah Qadhi is an amazing resource when you're reciting. Al Wafi by Abdul Fattah Qadhi is an explanation of Shatibiyyah and is also really good. Those are the two that I've used and still use. There are others but I don't remember them off the top of my head.

    If you're looking to seriously study this material in the English language, then i would suggest to head over to: jazriyyah[dot]com

    You can start off and build up your knowledge of the science of Qira'at and Tajweed there with Sh. Uthman who holds some of the highest, if not the highest ijaazahs in Qira'at al Ashr (sughra and kubraa).

    Lastly, I advice that if this is a science that you really like and are interested in, then it is an ocean that doesn't have an end. In reality, the Qira'at are not a difficult thing to learn. You can learn all the rules in a weekend very easily - because there's a finite number of rules at the end of the day. But to master the recitation and know it at a very deep level, it takes a lot of time, practice, effort and dedication. But it is a very fruitful journey and you will truly become a companion of the Qur'an should you embark.
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    Rawh's Avatar Limited Member
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    Re: Want to find books on Seven Qira'at

    Here is a nice instructional video on reciting in Jam'. Bear in mind, that it will only make a lot of sense once you've studied the Usool of the Qurra:

    www[dot]youtube[dot]com/watch?v=S4cWlpYCPl8
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    ukhan's Avatar Limited Member
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    Re: Want to find books on Seven Qira'at

    If anyone is looking for physical books on Tajweed and Qiraat check out https://www.qiraatbooks.com

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