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اثم
اَثِِمَ – يَأثَمُ (س) أَثَما و إثْما ومأثما
He committed a sin or crime
NOTE:
According to Raghib a sin is called الإثم because it is slowness in performing good deeds.
According to Ibne Faaris its basic meanings are
1. slowness/slackening
2. backwardness
It is said that ناقة آثمة the female camel is slow remained behind its fellows.
This interpretation of Ibne Faaris implies that الإثم
1. is defined as slowness in doing good deeds
2. is the act which creates slowness and backwardness in character and energies as we see that The Holy Quran calls “gambling and wine” as الإثم.
تأثّمHe avoided the the sin
Note:
This is one of very interesting properties of the form i.e. تَفَعُّل that the agent “avoids” the action like
حاب =He committed a sin
تَحَوَّب = he avoided the sin.
حرج = he committed a sin
تحرّج = He avoided the sin
DERIVATIVES
آثم – فا-( ج) اثماء (مثل- علماء و فقراء و زعماء)
One who commits sin
الإثم –
A sin or crime
الإثم –
Wine
الإثمGambling
تاثيم
Sin (same as الإثم )
الأثام –
Punishment of the sin
الأثيم –
1. a great habitual liar
2. an unrighteous and sinning person
SOME QURANIC VERSES
وَتَرَى كَثِيرًا مِّنْهُمْ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَأَكْلِهِمُ السُّحْتَ لَبِئْسَ مَا كَانُواْ يَعْمَلُونَ﴿5:62﴾
(5:62) You will see many of them hastening towards sin and transgression and devouring unlawful earnings. Indeed what they do is evil.
وَمَن يَكْتُمْهَا فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ وَاللّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ عَلِيمٌ﴿2:283﴾
For he who conceals it, has a sinful heart: Allah knows everything that you do
تَنَزَّلُ عَلَى كُلِّ أَفَّاكٍ أَثِيمٍ﴿26:222﴾
(26:222) They come down upon every sinning forgerer
يَتَنَازَعُونَ فِيهَا كَأْسًا لَّا لَغْوٌ فِيهَا وَلَا تَأْثِيمٌ﴿52:23﴾
(52:23) they shall zealously be passing from hand to hand a cup of wine which shall neither contain idle talk nor immorality.
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