
Brother
Seven dialects and the rest of your post is agreed as correct AS PER SAHIH HADITHS available to us , except the below one i have my reservations & doubts and jazakallah in advance if you can clear them with daleel from Sahih hadith
Brother, I have a view that
THESE differences MAINLY rose or started before (vowels were placed after nearly 100 years after the Uthmanic Script) vowels came inside the Quran since those who have got a copied copy of Uthman RA but not a reciter could have elongated or reduced its reading in some words as these 'Maliki or maaliki) as still they have near meanings . Because we know when Uthman :RA: when he sent those copies to various places with the reciters
still they did not have those Vowels (for pronunciation) on them UNTILL THEY WERE ADDED A CENTURY LATER for avoiding SUCH DIFFERENCES LIKE YOU SAY ABOVE, AROSE & ALSO TO HELP THE NON ARABS PRONOUNCE IT RIGHT. So its possible some have added those vowels as per their own recitations before .Though those tabeins who would have listened from the reciters would have corrected themselves (
iF in case they had any
pronunciation mistake)
and those NEW MUSLIMS or far away , say in Africa, who just saw
'' the copied '' copy ie 2 or 3rd 3rd copy of Uthman :RA:
but did not receive a reciter (teacher) could have come to their own conclusion of elongating it to Maaliki or Maliki etc since they still have NEAR meanings could have given raise to such different recitations -copies. Though Muslims attribute differences to hafs & warsh recitations but am not sure when this started ? ie after Prophet :saws: or during his presence. though 95 % of Muslims follow the hafs which is the same of the most of the sahabas.
So kindly see you
find a clear cut Proof that Prophet :saws:
did read in both the ways as you have said. But its true The Quran came in 7 dialects (like American , British, Irish , Australian, Malaysian, Indian dialects in English ) since they were different tribes among Arabs so that all those Arabs who entered Islam understood The Quran well , memorized it well so that they became strong in EEMAAN ,
which is the basis and foundation for further propagation - dawah of Islam which Allah placed on them so Allah made it easy to them by the seven dialects at Start. But once Islam already became strong and spread far during the times of Caliph Uthman RA , by the will of Allah when the Caliph decided to make it into just one standard Quraishi dialect which was right for the whole ummah it was done so .
:wasalam:
The 7 different recitations are available since the time of the Prophet :saws: himself.
It is recorded in the books that when Uthman :ra: made copies to be sent everywhere, he instructed those copies to be written in such a way that all 7 ahruf are preserved in it.
Please see these links for detailed explanation:
http://www.letmeturnthetables.com/2011/06/quran-compilation-uthman.html
http://www.letmeturnthetables.com/2011/01/quran-preserve-compile-abu-bakr.html
It says there:
The seven Ahruf were preserved in it. See Manahil al-‘Irfan 1/246-247
So evidently ‘Uthman –may Allah be pleased with him- was only looking to preserve all the valid recitations and do away with mistakes being made in them.
That means, he only destroyed those new scripts that had mistakes, which must have been written by people afterwards.
Another point to be considered is, Maliki recitation is not seen by only Qalun but by Al-Duri recitations as well. Not only that, Qalun lived in Madinah, while Al-Duri lived in Baghdad. So it is not correct to say that this difference was due to new Muslims not being able to hear anyone recite it correctly.
Moreover, both of them also have continuous chain of transmission for the recitations of the Quran going back to the Prophet :saws:.
This is the complete chain of Qalun written at the end of the Mushaf:
And this is for Al-Duri
It is important to note that the Qur'an and Sunnah, both of them have oral preservation first and then written preservation. Whenever the written copies were made, they were cross-checked with the Sahabah who had memorized the whole Qur'an to make sure that there are no mistakes in writing.
Below are the chains of narrations in English:
Qirâʾa from Madinah: The reading of Madinah known as the reading of Nâfiʿ Ibn Abî Naʿîm (more precisely Abû ʿAbd ar-Raḥmân Nâfiʿ Ibn ʿAbd ar-Raḥmân). Nâfiʿ died in 169 H. He reported from Yazîd Ibn al-Qaʿqâʿ and ʿAbd ar-Raḥmân Ibn Hurmuz al-'Araj and Muslim Ibn Jundub al-Hudhalî and Yazîd Ibn Român and Shaybah Ibn Nisâʾ. All of them reported from Abû Hurayrah and Ibn ʿAbbâs and ʿAbdallâh Ibn 'Ayyâsh Ibn Abî Rabî'ah al-Makhzûmî and the last three reported from Ubayy Ibn Kaʿb from the Prophet.
From Nâfiʿ, two major readings came to us:
Warsh and
Qâlûn.
Qirâʾa from Makkah: The reading of
Ibn Kathîr (ʿAbdullâh Ibn Kathîr ad-Dârî): Ibn Kathîr died in 120 H. He reported from ʿAbdillâh Ibn Assa'ib al-Makhzûmî who reported from Ubayy Ibn Kaʿb (The companion of the Prophet). Ibn Kathîr has also reported from Mujâhid Ibn Jabr who reported from his teacher Ibn ʿAbbâs who reported from Ubayy Ibn Kaʿb and Zayd Ibn Thâbit and both reported from the Prophet.
Qirâʾa from Damascus: From ash-Shâm (Damascus), the reading is called after
ʿAbdallâh Ibn ʿAamir. He died in 118 H. He reported from Abû ad-Dardâ' and al-Mughîrah Ibn Abî Shihâb al-Makhzûmî from ʿUthmân.
Qirâʾa from Basrah: The reading of Abû ʿAmr from Basrah: (According to al-Sabcah, the book of Ibn Mujâhid page 79, Abû ʿAmr is called Zayyan Abû ʿAmr Ibn al-ʿAlâʾ. He was born in Makkah in the year 68 and grew up at Kûfah.) He died at 154 H. He reported from Mujâhid and Saʿîd Ibn Jubayr and ʿIkrimah Ibn Khâlid al-Makhzûmî and ʿAtâʾ Ibn Abî Rabâh and Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd ar-Rahmân Ibn al-Muhaysin and Humayd Ibn Qays al-ʿA'raj and all are from Makkah. He also reported from Yazîd Ibn al-Qaʿqâʿ and Yazîd Ibn Rumân and Shaybah Ibn Nisâ' and all are from Madinah. He also reported from al-'Assan and Yahyâ Ibn Yaʿmur and others from Basrah. All these people took from the companions of the Prophet.
From him came two readings called
as-Sûsi and
ad-Dûrî.
Qirâʾa from Basrah: From Basrah, the reading known as
Yaʿqûb Ibn Ishâq al-Hadramî the companion of
Shuʿbah (again). He reported from Abû ʿAmr and others.
Qirâ'a from Kûfah: The reading of ʿĀsim Ibn Abî an-Najûd (ʿAasim Ibn Bahdalah Ibn Abî an-Najûd): He died in 127 or 128 H. He reported from Abû ʿAbd ar-Raḥmân as-Solammî and Zirr Ibn Hubaysh. Abû ʿAbd ar-Rahmân reported from ʿUthmân and ʿAlî Ibn Abî Tâlib and 'Ubayy (Ibn Kacb) and Zayd (Ibn Thâbit). And Zirr reported from Ibn Masʿud.
Two readings were reported from
'Asim: The famous one is
Hafs, the other one is
Shu'ba. Hafs was 'Asim's step-son and it is believed that he didn't differ from him in his reading of the Quran. 'Asim also retained the reading of his teacher Abu 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami and it reported that the latter had read the Quran out to the Commander of the Believers, 'Ali ibn Abi Talib. The case can therefore be made that the reading of Hafs is exactly the same as the reading of 'Ali which he inherited from the Prophet to the very last dot.
Qirâʾa from Kûfah: The reading of
Hamzah Ibn Habîb (from Kûfah as well) Hamzah was born in the year 80 H and died in 156 H. He reported from Muhammad Ibn cAbd ar-Rahmân Ibn Abî Laylâ (who reads the reading of ʿAlî Ibn Abî Tâlib, according to the book of Ibn Mujâhid called al-Sabcah - The Seven - page 74) and Humrân Ibn A'yan and Abî Ishâq as-Sabî'y and Mansur Ibn al-Mu'tamir and al-Mughîrah Ibn Miqsam and Jacfar Ibn Muhammad Ibn Alî Ibn Abî Tâlib from the Prophet.
Qirâʾa from Kûfah: The reading of
al-'Amash from Kûfah as well: He reported from Yahyâ Ibn Waththâb from 'Alqamah and al-'Aswad and 'Ubayd Ibn Nadlah al-Khuzâ'y and Abû ʿAbd ar-Raḥmân as-Sulamî and Zirr ibn Hubaysh and all reported from Ibn Mascud.
Qirâaa from Kûfah: The reading of Ali Ibn Hamzah al-Kisâ'i known as
al-Kisâ'i from Kûfah. He died in 189 H. He reported from Hamzah (the previous one) and Iesâ Ibn Umar and Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd ar-Raḥmân Ibn Abî Laylâ and others.