Correct, power lies only in the hands of Allah. But, Allah gives power to whomsoever He wills, sometimes this means the wrongdoers and disbelievers have it for a while. He has given power to many people in this world, such as authority, armies, money, etc. Power only lies with Allah, but He uses it as He wills.
It seems you are in denial that Allah could ever give power to any disbelievers, this is why I used the Gog and Magog quote. I mentioned that a scholar, such as Sheikh Imran Hosein, said that he thinks Israel is also Gog and Magog, along with with West. Whether you agree with him or disagree with him, it means Allah gives power to disbelievers if He wishes to do so. But the power itself is always in Allah's Hands.
Perhaps you don't seem to grasp this reality with the Ahadith, because you don't see Gog and Magog as Israel right now. Fine, I accept that you have your own opinion on this and so you don't see this connection. But the Holy Qur'an states:
9:69
Like those before you: they were mightier than you in power, and more abundant in wealth and children. They had enjoyed their portion (awhile), so enjoy your portion (awhile) as those before you enjoyed their portion (awhile); and you indulged in play and pastime (and in telling lies against Allah and His Messenger Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم) as they indulged in play and pastime. Such are they whose deeds are in vain in this world and in the Hereafter. Such are they who are the losers.
Tafsir al-Jalalayn on verse 9:69
You, O hypocrites, are, like those before you, who were far mightier than you, and more abundant in wealth and children. They enjoyed their share, their lot in this world. So you enjoy, O hypocrites, your share, just as those before you enjoyed their share, and you indulge [in vain talk], in falsehood and defamation of the Prophet (s), just as they indulged [in vain talk]. Those, their works have become invalid in this world and in the Hereafter; and those, they indeed are the losers.
Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir Ibn Abbas on verse 9:69
(Even as those) even as the punishment of those (before you) of hypocrites who (were mightier than you in strength) physically, (and more affluent than you in wealth and children. They enjoyed their lot awhile) they expend their share of the Hereafter in the life of this world, (so ye enjoy your lot awhile) you expended your share of the Hereafter in the life of this world (even as those before you) of hypocrites (did enjoy) expend (their lot awhile) their share of the Hereafter in the life of this world. (And ye prate) speak falsehood (even as they prated) and inwardly gave the lie to Muhammad (pbuh) just as those before them indulged in falsehood and gave the lie to the prophets of Allah. (Such are they whose works have perished) their good works have been thwarted (in the world and the Hereafter. Such are they who are the losers) in that they will face punishment.
I hope the Tafsir made it painfully clear to you, that the hypocrites, who are people posing to be believers but are in reality disbelievers, had power in the past, and they did so during the time of the Holy Prophet (saw). Allah allows these people power for some time, then He takes it away. And let's be clear here, a Munafiq is not a Mu'min. Because you are differentiating that Mu'minun are given power while munafiqeen and kafireen are never given power by Allah.
Now, coming back to the Gog and Magog example, which you said was out of place, says the same thing about future disbelievers. They will spread all over the world and they will gain dominance over the people of the earth and attempt to conquer Heaven itself by throwing arrows at the sky. Allah tells Isa (as), that the believers cannot fight Gog and Magog, instead they should go to Tur and pray there. Allah would give them deliverance.
The subtle point here is that "power" is always in Allah's Hands, the disbelievers in this world are given power and dominance for some time, then they are punished by Allah and are shown how little their power was.
Another Hadith states:
Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "Paradise and the Fire (Hell) argued, and the Fire (Hell) said, "I have been given the privilege of receiving the arrogant and the tyrants.' Paradise said, 'What is the matter with me? Why do only the weak and the humble among the people enter me?' On that, Allah said to Paradise. 'You are My Mercy which I bestow on whoever I wish of my servants.' Then Allah said to the (Hell) Fire, 'You are my (means of) punishment by which I punish whoever I wish of my slaves. And each of you will have its fill.' As for the Fire (Hell), it will not be filled till Allah puts His Foot over it whereupon it will say, 'Qati! Qati!' At that time it will be filled, and its different parts will come closer to each other; and Allah will not wrong any of His created beings. As regards Paradise, Allah will create a new creation to fill it with." (Book #60, Hadith #373)
(Sahih Bukhari)
So Paradise is filled with the weak and humble, while Hell has arrogant and powerful people. Despite this, another Hadith states how Allah shows people that the kingdom of the Heavens and the earth are always in His Hands despite the power of the disbelievers:
Narrated Abu Huraira: I heard Allah's Apostle saying, "Allah will hold the whole earth, and roll all the heavens up in His Right Hand, and then He will say, 'I am the King; where are the kings of the earth?"' (Book #60, Hadith #336)
(Sahih Bukhari)
The Qur'an also says in another verse:
35:44
Have they not travelled in the land, and seen what was the end of those before them - though they were superior to them in power? Allah is not such that anything in the heavens or in the earth escapes Him. Verily, He is All-Knowing, All-Omnipotent.
Thus, we cannot deny that the disbelievers possessed power in this world. Allah gave them that power. But Allah takes that power away when a Messenger comes because they reject that Messenger of Allah. Allah gives only to those who believe, and He takes away from the disbelievers:
35:10
Whosoever desires honour, (power and glory), then to Allah belong all honour, power and glory [and one can get honour, power and glory only by obeying and worshipping Allah (Alone)]. To Him ascend (all) the goodly words, and the righteous deeds exalt it (i.e. the goodly words are not accepted by Allah unless and until they are followed by good deeds), but those who plot evils, theirs will be severe torment. And the plotting of such will perish.
Therefore, the lesson is that the power of the disbelievers is only for a short while. Allah gives them respite for some time, then He punishes them and takes away those blessings which they were ungrateful for. This is also spoken of in Surah Al-Kahf:
18:6
Thou wouldst only, perchance, fret thyself to death, following after them, in grief, if they believe not in this Message.
18:7
That which is on earth we have made but as a glittering show for the earth, in order that We may test them - as to which of them are best in conduct.
18:8
Verily what is on earth we shall make but as dust and dry soil (without growth or herbage).
So, whenever Allah wills, He can take away the power of the Israelis. He sent His Mercy on the Jews, after they suffered in the holocaust, and if they are ungrateful towards Allah, and they do not act with justice in the world, then Allah will remove their power from them and scatter them in this world and make them weak and without power once again just like it happened twice before (17:4-8).
One last point, there is a well-known Hadith, which I am posting from one website that is mentioned even in Mujahid's Tafsir of the Qur'an:
It is related that the Prophet (saas) said: “Two believers have ruled the world, and two unbelievers. The believers are Sulayman (as) and Dhul’qarnayn. The unbelievers are Nemrud and Nebuchadnezzar. The fifth, the Mahdi descended from my line, will also rule the world.”
Source:
http://www.mahdiaccordingtofoursunnischools.com/kutubasitta.php
Rulers have power. Two of them were unbelievers yet they ruled the world. They were given temporary power. Everlasting peace and power is what Allah gives to the believers.