Imaam Ahmad --> Imaam ash-Shafiee --> Imaam Malik

[Ibn Abi Ahmed]

Can someone please translate the following ahadeeth? The sanad are amazing, each containing Imaam Ahmad (rahimullah) from Imaam ash-Shafiee (rahimullah) from Imaam Malik (rahimullah); the first hadeeth in particular also has Nafi' (rahimullah) and Ibn 'Umar (radi allaahu anhu), which is known as 'the Golden chain':

روى الإمام أحمد في مسنده (2/108) قال :
‏حَدَّثَنَا ‏‏مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ‏- ‏رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ‏- ‏أَخْبَرَنَا ‏‏مَالِكٌ ‏، ‏عَنْ ‏‏نَافِعٍ ‏، ‏عَنِ ‏‏ابْنِ عُمَرَ ‏: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ‏‏صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏‏قَالَ ‏: ‏لَا يَبِعْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَيْعِ بَعْضٍ ، وَنَهَى عَنْ ‏‏النَّجْشِ ‏، ‏وَنَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ ‏حَبَلِ الْحَبَلَةِ ‏، ‏وَنَهَى عَنْ ‏الْمُزَابَنَةِ .‏ ‏وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ ‏‏بَيْعُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ كَيْلًا ، وَبَيْعُ الْكَرْمِ بِالزَّبِيبِ كَيْلًا .

روى الإمام أحمد في مسنده (2/379) قال :
‏حَدَّثَنَا ‏‏مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ - يَعْنِي الشَّافِعِيَّ ‏- ، ‏قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا ‏‏مَالِكٌ ‏، ‏عَنْ ‏‏مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ ‏، ‏وَأَبِي الزِّنَادِ ‏، ‏عَنْ ‏الْأَعْرَجِ ‏، ‏عَنْ ‏‏أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ‏‏صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏‏نَهَى عَنْ ‏‏الْمُلَامَسَةِ ‏‏وَالْمُنَابَذَةِ .

روى الإمام أحمد في مسنده (3/8) قال :
‏حَدَّثَنَا ‏‏مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ - يَعْنِي الشَّافِعَيَّ ‏- ، ‏قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا ‏‏مَالِكٌ ‏، ‏عَنْ ‏‏دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ ،‏ ‏عَنْ ‏‏أَبِي سُفْيَانَ ‏‏مَوْلَى ‏ ‏أَبِي أَحْمَدَ ،‏ ‏عَنْ ‏‏أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ‏‏أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ‏ ‏صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏ ‏نَهَى عَنْ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةِ ‏.

روى الإمام أحمد في مسنده (3/455) قال :
‏حَدَّثَنَا ‏‏مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ - يَعْنِي الشَّافِعِيَّ ‏- ، ‏عَنْ ‏‏مَالِكٍ ‏، ‏عَنِ ‏‏ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ‏، ‏عَنْ ‏عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ‏ ‏أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ ‏ ‏أَبَاهُ ‏ ‏كَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ ‏كَانَ ‏ ‏يُحَدِّثُ ‏‏أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ‏ ‏صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏‏قَالَ :‏‏ إِنَّمَا ‏نَسَمَةُ ‏‏الْمُؤْمِنِ طَائِرٌ يَعْلُقُ فِي شَجَرِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يُرْجِعَهُ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى إِلَى جَسَدِهِ يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُ .

روى الإمام أحمد في مسنده (4/3) قال :
‏قَالَ ‏‏حَدَّثَنَا ‏مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ‏‏قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا ‏مَالِكٌ ‏، ‏عَنِ ‏‏أَبِي لَيْلَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ ‏أَنَّ ‏‏سَهْلَ بْنَ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ ‏‏أَخْبَرَهُ ‏‏وَرِجَالٌ مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهُ ‏‏أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ‏‏صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏‏قَالَ ‏‏لِحُوَيِّصَةَ ‏‏وَمُحَيِّصَةَ ‏‏وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ‏: " ‏أَتَحْلِفُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ ؟ " قَالُوا : لَا . قَالَ : فَتَحْلِفُ ‏ ‏يَهُودُ ؟ ‏قَالُوا : لَيْسُوا بِمُسْلِمِينَ ‏. ‏فَوَدَاهُ ‏النَّبِيُّ ‏‏صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏‏مِنْ عِنْدِهِ​

 

[alcurad]

Can someone please translate the following ahadeeth? The sanad are amazing, each containing Imaam Ahmad (rahimullah) from Imaam ash-Shafiee (rahimullah) from Imaam Malik (rahimullah); the first hadeeth in particular also has Nafi' (rahimullah) and Ibn 'Umar (radi allaahu anhu), which is known as 'the Golden chain':

روى الإمام أحمد في مسنده (2/108) قال :
‏حَدَّثَنَا ‏‏مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ‏- ‏رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ ‏- ‏أَخْبَرَنَا ‏‏مَالِكٌ ‏، ‏عَنْ ‏‏نَافِعٍ ‏، ‏عَنِ ‏‏ابْنِ عُمَرَ ‏: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ‏‏صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏‏قَالَ ‏: ‏لَا يَبِعْ بَعْضُكُمْ عَلَى بَيْعِ بَعْضٍ ، وَنَهَى عَنْ ‏‏النَّجْشِ ‏، ‏وَنَهَى عَنْ بَيْعِ ‏حَبَلِ الْحَبَلَةِ ‏، ‏وَنَهَى عَنْ ‏الْمُزَابَنَةِ .‏ ‏وَالْمُزَابَنَةُ ‏‏بَيْعُ الثَّمَرِ بِالتَّمْرِ كَيْلًا ، وَبَيْعُ الْكَرْمِ بِالزَّبِيبِ كَيْلًا .

"let not one of you buy right after what another has bought -by offering a higher price- and he forbade al najash-pretending to want something so it's price rises while one does not want it- and he forbade....-it means selling what is in the womb of a pregnant animal, there is different interpretations in fiqh for this- and he forbade 'al muzabana, and it is selling dates with the price paid being dates of equal weight, and selling grpaes while price is rasin by weight."

which is to sell a food and the price paid is of that same food, in weight, raisin here is dried grape. it is called riba al fadl.
روى الإمام أحمد في مسنده (2/379) قال :
‏حَدَّثَنَا ‏‏مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ - يَعْنِي الشَّافِعِيَّ ‏- ، ‏قَالَ أَخْبَرَنَا ‏‏مَالِكٌ ‏، ‏عَنْ ‏‏مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ حَبَّانَ ‏، ‏وَأَبِي الزِّنَادِ ‏، ‏عَنْ ‏الْأَعْرَجِ ‏، ‏عَنْ ‏‏أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ‏‏صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏‏نَهَى عَنْ ‏‏الْمُلَامَسَةِ ‏‏وَالْمُنَابَذَةِ .

"the prophet forbade al mulamasa, and al munabatha"

al mulamasa:the words root comes from touching, it means to sell something to someone and not making aspects of it apparent, or to say that if the prospective buyer touches it it is sold.

al munabatha: the root of the word is taken from throwing away, it meansto sell by giving, so if the seller gives the prospective buyer the thing/object it is sold, or it means to throw-a stone or like object- to determine the interaction, perhaps such as throwing a stone in a piece of land and saying that as far as the stones goes is sold, or such as throwing dice to buy and sell.
روى الإمام أحمد في مسنده (3/8) قال :
‏حَدَّثَنَا ‏‏مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ - يَعْنِي الشَّافِعَيَّ ‏- ، ‏قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا ‏‏مَالِكٌ ‏، ‏عَنْ ‏‏دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ ،‏ ‏عَنْ ‏‏أَبِي سُفْيَانَ ‏‏مَوْلَى ‏ ‏أَبِي أَحْمَدَ ،‏ ‏عَنْ ‏‏أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ‏‏أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ‏ ‏صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏ ‏نَهَى عَنْ الْمُزَابَنَةِ وَالْمُحَاقَلَةِ ‏.

"the prophet forbade al muzabana and al muhaqala"

I explained al muzabana above,

al muhaqala:is like al muhaqala, it is to sell a plant/s with it's produce-fruit, vegetable etc- in it and the price is the same plant with the produce in it.

روى الإمام أحمد في مسنده (3/455) قال :
‏حَدَّثَنَا ‏‏مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ - يَعْنِي الشَّافِعِيَّ ‏- ، ‏عَنْ ‏‏مَالِكٍ ‏، ‏عَنِ ‏‏ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ‏، ‏عَنْ ‏عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ‏ ‏أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ ‏ ‏أَبَاهُ ‏ ‏كَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ ‏كَانَ ‏ ‏يُحَدِّثُ ‏‏أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ‏ ‏صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏‏قَالَ :‏‏ إِنَّمَا ‏نَسَمَةُ ‏‏الْمُؤْمِنِ طَائِرٌ يَعْلُقُ فِي شَجَرِ الْجَنَّةِ حَتَّى يُرْجِعَهُ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى إِلَى جَسَدِهِ يَوْمَ يَبْعَثُهُ .

"it is that the nasama-literally breeze, zephir, it means soul- of the believer/faithful a bird that entagles-goes around,in- in the trees of paradise until it is returned by Allah may he be praised and glorified to his body the day he resurrects him."

روى الإمام أحمد في مسنده (4/3) قال :
‏قَالَ ‏‏حَدَّثَنَا ‏مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّافِعِيُّ ‏‏قَالَ : حَدَّثَنَا ‏مَالِكٌ ‏، ‏عَنِ ‏‏أَبِي لَيْلَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَهْلِ بْنِ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ ‏أَنَّ ‏‏سَهْلَ بْنَ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ ‏‏أَخْبَرَهُ ‏‏وَرِجَالٌ مِنْ كُبَرَاءِ قَوْمِهُ ‏‏أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ‏‏صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏‏قَالَ ‏‏لِحُوَيِّصَةَ ‏‏وَمُحَيِّصَةَ ‏‏وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ ‏: " ‏أَتَحْلِفُونَ وَتَسْتَحِقُّونَ دَمَ صَاحِبِكُمْ ؟ " قَالُوا : لَا . قَالَ : فَتَحْلِفُ ‏ ‏يَهُودُ ؟ ‏قَالُوا : لَيْسُوا بِمُسْلِمِينَ ‏. ‏فَوَدَاهُ ‏النَّبِيُّ ‏‏صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ‏‏مِنْ عِنْدِهِ​

"the prophet told Huwayisa and Muhayisa and Abdul Rahman: do you swear and desrve the blood of your person?, they siad: no, the prophet said: so the Jews swear?, they said: they aren't Muslims, so the prophet paid the blood money himself."

what had happened was that some of the ansar had found Abdullah bin Sahl killed in one of the wells of Khyber, which was a Jewish settlement/city, so his brother Abdul Rahman bin Sahl and his uncles Muhayisa and Huwayisa went to talk to the prophet, so in the end the prophet paid the blood money to the dead mans relatives, it was a practice in Jahilyiah for the Arabs if someone was killed near or in the place of a people and there was no witnesses for his tribe/relatives to ask of the people where he was killed to split up the share of the blood money. some say the prophet was ending this practice in this hadeeth.

there is a very long story to the hadeeth, so you could look it up further.

 

[Ibn Abi Ahmed]

Jazakallah Khayr, that was very helpful.