Although there are variations, the basic argument can be stated as follows:
- X is too (complex, orderly, adaptive, apparently purposeful, and/or beautiful) to have occurred randomly or accidentally.
- Therefore, X must have been created by a (sentient, intelligent, wise, and/or purposeful) being.
- God is that (sentient, intelligent, wise, and/or purposeful) being.
- Therefore, God exists.
X usually stands for the universe, the
evolution process,
humankind, a given animal
species, or a particular organ like the
eye or capability like
language in humans.
X may also stand for the fundamental constants of the
universe like
physical constants and
physical law. Sometimes this argument is also based on the
anthropic principle that these constants seem
tuned specifically to allow intelligent life
"as we know it" to evolve.
While most of the classic forms of this argument are linked to
monotheism, some versions of the argument may substitute for
God a lesser
demiurge, multiple
gods and/or goddesses, or perhaps
extraterrestrials as cause for natural phenomena, although reapplication of the argument might still imply an
ultimate cause. One can also leave the question of the attributes of a hypothesized "Designer" completely open, yielding the following simple formulation:
- Complexity implies a designer.
- The universe is highly complex.
- Therefore, the universe has a Designer.