Apostasy: Say you live in a dictatorship that forbids the practice of everything but the state religion or religion in general. The state arrests you and you are given the choice: Renounce Islam or die.
Like the one that happened in Spain, Where the Catholic Queen Isabella decided either to slaughter all the Muslims( and Jews I think) or they will be Baptised.
In this situation then it happened in the time of the Prophet
PBUH when one of the Companions renounced Islam .. But he was still a Muslim but where he lived there was not a dictatorship but the people were very hostile towards Islam and the Muslims and the companion was heniously tortured so he had no choice but to renounce Islam
There are rules :
1. The person must renounce Islam by his/her Tongue and only their Tongue but if they accepted apostacy by their hearts then this is disbelief.
Here's a following verse revealed in the case of the companion I mentioned:
-106." Whoever disbelieved in Allâh after his belief
, except him who is forced thereto and whose heart is at rest with Faith but such as open their breasts to disbelief, on them is wrath from Allâh, and theirs will be a great torment." - Judgement will be from Allah and not the Muslims.
So, according to the following verse there is no restriction on a Muslim who is forced to renounce his/her faith but one must renounce it by tongue and not heart.
To be honest the following questions are hard ones,I have never imagined my self in such a situation what I will answer will be based on what I know and also based on what I would have done.. I am not claiming that this is going to be the correct Islamic answer it is mostly from my Ijtihad(human effort) and if I have failed to give you a satisfying answer that is Islamicly and Ethically acceptable then please accept my apologies as I am no scholar I am answering as a Muslim nothing more.
Your life and the life of another: You are a captive along with another. The captors give you a gun with one bullet. They say kill yourself or kill another
I do not think you are allowed to do both, because killing your self would still be considered as Suicide and also killing the other would be Murder. I do not have a garuntee that the captors will actually let my fellow brother or sister still alive so I would have waited until God s.w.t has decreed an order upon our situation my answer would be I would neither Kill my self nor would I have killed the other.. It is better for us to die both and be accepted as Martyrs Insha'Allah then me killing my brother or sister and hold the burden of his/her blood.
Another circumstance would be if a loved one needs an organ transplant and you give up say a kidney or your heart to save the patient and die on the operating table.
This is a very hard one to be honest, To give blood , or an organ to a human being even if they are not a loved one would be considered as one of the most sacrificial and self-less things any great human being might do. But the situation with giving the Kidney is different to giving your heart to someone... In the kidneys case there would not be much problem as you only need one kidney to filter out the toxins from your body but God gave us another from His generousity, so your life would not be at risk you would only need to drink more water.
As for the heart I simply don't know If I will give you an answer it would be based on the Prophet's Hadeeth
"Ask your Heart if people gave you answers" and the Heart should be mankind's best friend,I can only say that If in Islam there is Jihad ( the strive , struggle and Sacrifice in the cause of Allah) where the Muslim has to put their life at risk to save others and to protect other I can only give you this verse.
"Because of that We ordained for the Children of Israel that if anyone killed a person not in retaliation of murder, or (and) to spread mischief in the land - it would be as if he killed all mankind,
and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of all mankind."
This is from my short knowledge and God knows best , I am hoping more brothers and sisters give you a better answer than mine.. it may be wrong and what is wrong is from the evil of my soul and the shaytan , it maybe right and what is right is from God's Grace and Mercy
Thank you for asking.
Peace be to you
