FatimaAsSideqah
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Qadar is a very sensitive topic. It is the Qadar is sixth article of faith, and many people have gone astray regarding it. Some have denied it altogether while others have gone to such extremes in affirming it that they end up denying human free will. The truth as elucidated in Islamic teachings is between these two extremes. In dealing with this topic in his book A‘laam as-Sunnah al-Manshoorah, Shaikh Al-Hakami has extracted from the works of the early scholars the majority of the most important points which must be grasped in order to have a correct understanding. His mode of presentation is the Q&A style, as it was designed as a concise teaching text, whose main body was easily memorized. The commentary represents a brief elucidation of some of the more difficult points through the addition of useful material from other classical texts like that of al-‘Aqeedah at-Tahaawiyyah as well as modern texts like Dr. Saleh’s compilation The Salaf’s Guide to the Understanding of Al-Qadaa wal-Qadar.
Evidence for belief in Qadar 1 can be found in the following statements of Allaah, the Most High:
“Allaah’s command is a determined decree.” (Soorah al-Ahzaab, 33: 38) 2
Qadar, coming from the root qadara (evaluate), may be defined as Allaah’s predestination of everything for His creation in accordance with His prior knowledge (Believing in Qadar, p. 8); it is Allaah’s decree or decision as in the verse:
“Indeed, I have created all things according to predestined proportions [Qadar].” (Soorah al-Qamar, 54: 49)
Also derived from the same root is the word Qadr (amount) from which Laylatul-Qadr (the night in which Allaah sends down His annual decree and decides the amounts of all things relating to His creation) comes. It is synonymous to Qadar in this context. The Divine Names al-Qaadir (Most Able), al-Qadeer (All-Powerful) and al-Muqtadir (Omnipotent) are all derived from the root.
Qadaa (decision) is the implementation of Allaah’s decree (Al-Mufradaat, p. 406) as in the verse:
“When He decrees a matter, He only says to it: ‘Be!’ - and it is.” (Soorah al-Baqarah, 2: 117)
Some scholars like Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalaanee held the opposite view. He said, “The scholars say that Qadaa is the general decree from eternity, and Qadar refers to the details of that decree and how they are implemented.” (Fat’hul-Baaree, vol. 11, p. 477 & 149) The overwhelmingly accepted position makes Qadaa the universal, general eternal decree, and Qadar the individual development or application of that in time. (The Encyclopedia of Islam, p. 199)
When the terms Qadar and Qadaa are mentioned separately they are synonymous but when mentioned together, Qadar means the predestination and when what is predestined occurs it is called Qadaa. (Majmoo‘ al-Fataawaa, vol. 2, pp. 79-80)
Continued...
Source from http://www.kalamullah.com/qadar.html
Qadar is a very sensitive topic. It is the Qadar is sixth article of faith, and many people have gone astray regarding it. Some have denied it altogether while others have gone to such extremes in affirming it that they end up denying human free will. The truth as elucidated in Islamic teachings is between these two extremes. In dealing with this topic in his book A‘laam as-Sunnah al-Manshoorah, Shaikh Al-Hakami has extracted from the works of the early scholars the majority of the most important points which must be grasped in order to have a correct understanding. His mode of presentation is the Q&A style, as it was designed as a concise teaching text, whose main body was easily memorized. The commentary represents a brief elucidation of some of the more difficult points through the addition of useful material from other classical texts like that of al-‘Aqeedah at-Tahaawiyyah as well as modern texts like Dr. Saleh’s compilation The Salaf’s Guide to the Understanding of Al-Qadaa wal-Qadar.
Evidence for belief in Qadar 1 can be found in the following statements of Allaah, the Most High:
“Allaah’s command is a determined decree.” (Soorah al-Ahzaab, 33: 38) 2
Qadar, coming from the root qadara (evaluate), may be defined as Allaah’s predestination of everything for His creation in accordance with His prior knowledge (Believing in Qadar, p. 8); it is Allaah’s decree or decision as in the verse:
“Indeed, I have created all things according to predestined proportions [Qadar].” (Soorah al-Qamar, 54: 49)
Also derived from the same root is the word Qadr (amount) from which Laylatul-Qadr (the night in which Allaah sends down His annual decree and decides the amounts of all things relating to His creation) comes. It is synonymous to Qadar in this context. The Divine Names al-Qaadir (Most Able), al-Qadeer (All-Powerful) and al-Muqtadir (Omnipotent) are all derived from the root.
Qadaa (decision) is the implementation of Allaah’s decree (Al-Mufradaat, p. 406) as in the verse:
“When He decrees a matter, He only says to it: ‘Be!’ - and it is.” (Soorah al-Baqarah, 2: 117)
Some scholars like Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalaanee held the opposite view. He said, “The scholars say that Qadaa is the general decree from eternity, and Qadar refers to the details of that decree and how they are implemented.” (Fat’hul-Baaree, vol. 11, p. 477 & 149) The overwhelmingly accepted position makes Qadaa the universal, general eternal decree, and Qadar the individual development or application of that in time. (The Encyclopedia of Islam, p. 199)
When the terms Qadar and Qadaa are mentioned separately they are synonymous but when mentioned together, Qadar means the predestination and when what is predestined occurs it is called Qadaa. (Majmoo‘ al-Fataawaa, vol. 2, pp. 79-80)
Continued...
Source from http://www.kalamullah.com/qadar.html
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