We say alhamdulillah after we've eaten, one of the du3aas we say is "alhamdulillahi alladhee ad3amaa wa sagaa wa ja3ala lahuu makhrajaa" all praise is to he who has fed us, watered us/ quencehd our thirst, and made an exit for it. There are ahadeeth that show that the prophet alayhi salaatu wassalaam and the companions, may Allah be pleased with them ate to their full, like the hadeeth when the prophet alayhi salaatu wassalaaam, went out one nigt and as he was walking came across Abu bakr, he said why are you out this late, he said o prophet of Allah i too have left my house for the reason........alhadeeth.
Also in kitaab adabul mufrad (manners of the individual) by Imaam al Bukhaari, there isn't mention of this, or in other kutubul adaab i've come across.
I have never heard of a du3aa being read for over-eating, but Allahu a3lam, if you find out let us know ukhti. Thanks.
The prophet used to make istighfaar 70 (in a narration) times a day , its encouraged.
Wallahu a3lam.