The meaning of the term aqeedah
What does the term Aqeedah mean?
Answer by: Dr. Abdul Aziz al-Fawzan
The Arabic word Aqueedah stems from the origin Aquada, which conveys such meanings as certainty, affirmation, confirmation, etc. In the Qur'an, Allah says, "Allah will not punish you for what is unintentional in your oaths, but He will punish you for your deliberate oaths (bimaa Aquadtum al-ayman) ..." [5:87]
The verb, paraphrased here as "deliberate oaths," is Aquada/yaqueedu, which refers to when one has determination in the heart. It may be said in Arabic, Aquada al-Habl (he tied up the rope), i.e., it was pulled tight together. The word i'tiquaad (belief) is also derived from this root, and has the meaning of tying up something and making it strong.
In the Islamic Shari'ah, Aqueedah is the matter of knowledge. The Muslim must believe in his heart and have faith and conviction, with no doubts or misgivings, because Allah has told him about Aqueedah in His Book and through His Revelations to His Messenger, sallallahu alayhe wa sallam.
The principles of Aqueedah are those which Allah has commanded us to believe in, as mentioned in the verse, "The Messenger believed in what has been sent down to him from his Lord, and (so do) the believers. Each one believed in Allah, His Angels, His Book and His Messengers. They said, 'We make no distinction between one and another of His Messengers' and they said, 'We heard, and we obeyed. (We seek) Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the return (of all).'" [2:285]
Also, as defined by the Prophet, sallallahu alayhe wa sallam, in the famous hadeeth which describes how Jibreel came to him and asked him about Islam, emaan, etc. :' ''Emaan (faith) is to believe in Allah, His angels, His Books, the meeting with Him on the Last Day, His Messengers, and the Day of Resurrection."
So in Islam, Aqueedah refers to the matters which are known from the Qur'an and sound ahadeeth, and which the Muslim must believe in his heart, in acknowledgement of the truth of Allah and His Messenger.