salimswati
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Typhoid fever OR Enteric Fever(In pashto DA koolmoo taaba Or Miadee Taaba:
Typhoid fever (or enteric fever) is an illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi Common worldwide, it is transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person. The bacteria then multiply in the blood stream of the infected person and are absorbed into the digestive tract and eliminated with the waste.Typhoid fever is very common in pakistan ,especially in swat Malakand Division.If you will see any women with a little bit generalized weakness and body aches,she will tell you that I have MIADEE TAABA
Symptoms
After infection, symptoms include:
a high fever from 39 °C to 40 °C (103 °F to 104 °F) that rises slowly
chills
bradycardia (slow heart rate)
weakness
diarrhea
headaches
myalgia (muscle pain), not to be confused with the more severe muscle pain in Dengue fever, known as "Breakbone fever."
lack of appetite
constipation
stomach pains
in some cases, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots called "rose spots
extreme symptoms such as intestinal perforation or hemorrhage delusions and confusion are also possible.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made by blood or stool cultures and with the Widal test (demonstration of salmonella antibodies against antigens and H-flagellar .In epidemics and less wealthy countries, after excluding malaria ,dysentery or pneumonia ,a therapeutic trial with chloramphenicol is generally undertaken while awaiting the results of Widal test and blood cultures.
Treatment
Typhoid fever can be fatal. Antibiotics ,such as ampicillin ,chloramphenicol ,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ,and ciprofloxacin are commonly used to treat typhoid fever in developed countries. Prompt treatment of the disease with antibiotics reduces the case-fatality rate to approximately 1%. Usage of Ofloxacin along with Lactobacillus acidophilus is also recommended.
When untreated, typhoid fever persists for three weeks to a month. Death occurs in between 10% and 30% of untreated cases. Vaccines for typhoid fever are available and are advised for persons traveling in regions where the disease is common (especially Asia and Latin America
Transmission
While flying insects feeding on feces may occasionally transfer the bacteria to food being prepared for consumption, the disease is most commonly transmitted through poor hygiene habits and public sanitation conditions. Public education campaigns encouraging people to wash their hands after toileting and before handling food are an important component in controlling spread of the disease.
A person may become an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever, suffering no symptoms, but capable of infecting others. According to the Centers for Disease Control approximately 5% of people who contract typhoid continue to carry the disease after they recover.
Typhoid fever (or enteric fever) is an illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi Common worldwide, it is transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person. The bacteria then multiply in the blood stream of the infected person and are absorbed into the digestive tract and eliminated with the waste.Typhoid fever is very common in pakistan ,especially in swat Malakand Division.If you will see any women with a little bit generalized weakness and body aches,she will tell you that I have MIADEE TAABA
Symptoms
After infection, symptoms include:
a high fever from 39 °C to 40 °C (103 °F to 104 °F) that rises slowly
chills
bradycardia (slow heart rate)
weakness
diarrhea
headaches
myalgia (muscle pain), not to be confused with the more severe muscle pain in Dengue fever, known as "Breakbone fever."
lack of appetite
constipation
stomach pains
in some cases, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots called "rose spots
extreme symptoms such as intestinal perforation or hemorrhage delusions and confusion are also possible.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made by blood or stool cultures and with the Widal test (demonstration of salmonella antibodies against antigens and H-flagellar .In epidemics and less wealthy countries, after excluding malaria ,dysentery or pneumonia ,a therapeutic trial with chloramphenicol is generally undertaken while awaiting the results of Widal test and blood cultures.
Treatment
Typhoid fever can be fatal. Antibiotics ,such as ampicillin ,chloramphenicol ,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ,and ciprofloxacin are commonly used to treat typhoid fever in developed countries. Prompt treatment of the disease with antibiotics reduces the case-fatality rate to approximately 1%. Usage of Ofloxacin along with Lactobacillus acidophilus is also recommended.
When untreated, typhoid fever persists for three weeks to a month. Death occurs in between 10% and 30% of untreated cases. Vaccines for typhoid fever are available and are advised for persons traveling in regions where the disease is common (especially Asia and Latin America
Transmission
While flying insects feeding on feces may occasionally transfer the bacteria to food being prepared for consumption, the disease is most commonly transmitted through poor hygiene habits and public sanitation conditions. Public education campaigns encouraging people to wash their hands after toileting and before handling food are an important component in controlling spread of the disease.
A person may become an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever, suffering no symptoms, but capable of infecting others. According to the Centers for Disease Control approximately 5% of people who contract typhoid continue to carry the disease after they recover.
