Oppressions toward Muslims Worldwide

Berita Harian Article, Oct 27th 1989

Ethiopia Opressing Muslims
Tajuddin Saman

Africa which consists 50 countries and 36 of them are facing the problem of malnutrition.

Ethiopia, which is a country which had been threatened by grievious famine, beside Mali, Chad, and Niger. The famine hits northern Ethiopia region which is Eritrea and Tigre where the majority of the inhabitants are Muslim.

Ethiopia with Marxism ideology and taking Russia as the example had oppressed the inhabitants. The brutality since the reign of emperor Haile Selassie had arouse the spirit the people in Eritrea and Tigre to rebel till the civil war waged and continued until 1962.

In Africa, Muslim comprises 44% of Chad citizens, 90% in Mali, 40% in Ethiopia, 75% in Guinea, 16% in Mauritania, and 99% in Somalia and Djibouti.

In the aspect of Islamic development in Africa, it is the earliest region that had relationship with Islam and the prophet (pbuh). The followers of prophet (pbuh) had seek refuge from the brutality of Ignorant Arabs of Mecca in Ethiopia twice before the prophet (pbuh) migrated to Medina. Muslims too had migrated to Ethiopia and some of them lived there since the first Hegira calender.

Few Muslim nations formed in spots in Africa such as in Ifat, Hadiah, Arbabini, Sherkha, Dawaro, Dara, and Bali. Since then, Islam expands and many natives embraced Islam such as from Gala tribes.

Islam rapidly blooms in Africa and had made Christian Ethiopian emperors angry. They launched attacks to Muslims, including the attack from king Johannes (1887) who had forced Muslims embracing Christianity. According to the book, Preaching of Islam, 55, 000 of Ethiopian Muslims were forced to embrace Christianity.

The king Menelik II who succeed king Johannes received assistance from Portugal, France, Italy, and Britain in the term of fire-arms supplies as the reward for recognizing the imperial powers and co-operating with imperialists in order to get more influence in Africa. The weapons were used to destroy Muslim kingdoms in Harar, Hausa, Wallo, Jimma, Arusi and Ogaden.

Those regions were all absorbed into Ethiopia rule. As the effect, many Muslims were slaughtered and the oppression began. King Menelik II practiced stern policy which he closed Madrasas, snatched the Quran copies, and religious books from Muslim inhabitants.

Muslims were stressed out even more when Haile Selassie ruled in 1930-1974. They were forced to embrace Christianity, building churches in their neighborhood, and their lands were seized.

When the army gain the power in 1974, the "brutality of Red" was executed. Any assembly in the mosques were forbidden and they are forced to dismiss. Christians are located again in Muslim region. For example, almost a million of Amharic Christians were re-located in Oromo, a Muslim region.

The efforts to vanquish Islam being executed including in education. Christianity being preached without any problem even when the country is under Red Marxism while Islam is persecuted. Christian groups too were financially helped by the ruler and the help from other Muslim countries being discarded from reaching Muslims. Their donated lands for the sake of religion too were seized.

In history, Islam was preached in Africa around 644 AD. Omar Ben al-Khattab being the second caliph, Barca in Northern Africa was Islamicized (644 AD). Later, Muslim soldiers entering Tripoli.

During the time of Uthman Ben Affan, Tripoli and other regions along to Tangier were Islamicized. In 666 AD, during the time of Muawiyya ben Abu Suffian, the whole Northern Africa, from Egypt to Atlantic sea were Islamicized.

The Zanji of Sudan in Central Africa embraced Islam in the 10th C while the first African who embraced Islam are the Ethiopians which the Negus of Ethiopia as-Hama Ben Abjar embraced Islam with his Royal Priest in 617 AD.
 
Thinker said:
http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/07/13/iraq.church.bombings/index.html

Six churches in and around Baghdad were bombed over the weekend, leaving four dead, officials told CNN. A total of 35 people have been wounded in the wave of attacks, including the three children Monday.

Would our brothers and sisters from Malaysia (and elsewhere) share with me in condeming acts of violence towards all religious groups?
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I condemn the act of bombings of churches and mosques and homes and marketplaces in Iraq..
 
sledge_hammer said:
It's only a big deal when a Muslim is getting shafted. In this case, since Muslims are doing the "shafting", it's all good.

Notice, Thinker, the outpouring of grief and sorrow for this act from your Muslim friends on this board.
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Though we condemn it, the death of your neighbor doesn't elicit the same emotional response as the death of your brother. It's just human to feel that way.
 
I actually rather question who allegedly bombed said churches?

By Robert Fisk
04/29/06 "The Independent" -- - In Syria, the world appears through a glass, darkly. As dark as the smoked windows of the car which takes me to a building on the western side of Damascus where a man I have known for 15 years - we shall call him a "security source", which is the name given by American correspondents to their own powerful intelligence officers - waits with his own ferocious narrative of disaster in Iraq and dangers in the Middle East.
His is a fearful portrait of an America trapped in the bloody sands of Iraq, desperately trying to provoke a civil war around Baghdad in order to reduce its own military casualties. It is a scenario in which Saddam Hussein remains Washington's best friend, in which Syria has struck at the Iraqi insurgents with a ruthlessness that the United States wilfully ignores. And in which Syria's Interior Minister, found shot dead in his office last year, committed suicide because of his own mental instability.
The Americans, my interlocutor suspected, are trying to provoke an Iraqi civil war so that Sunni Muslim insurgents spend their energies killing their Shia co-religionists rather than soldiers of the Western occupation forces. "I swear to you that we have very good information," my source says, finger stabbing the air in front of him. "One young Iraqi man told us that he was trained by the Americans as a policeman in Baghdad and he spent 70 per cent of his time learning to drive and 30 per cent in weapons training. They said to him: 'Come back in a week.' When he went back, they gave him a mobile phone and told him to drive into a crowded area near a mosque and phone them. He waited in the car but couldn't get the right mobile signal. So he got out of the car to where he received a better signal. Then his car blew up."
Impossible, I think to myself. But then I remember how many times Iraqis in Baghdad have told me similar stories. These reports are believed even if they seem unbelievable. And I know where much of the Syrian information is gleaned: from the tens of thousands of Shia Muslim pilgrims who come to pray at the Sayda Zeinab mosque outside Damascus. These men and women come from the slums of Baghdad, Hillah and Iskandariyah as well as the cities of Najaf and Basra. Sunnis from Fallujah and Ramadi also visit Damascus to see friends and relatives and talk freely of American tactics in Iraq.
"There was another man, trained by the Americans for the police. He too was given a mobile and told to drive to an area where there was a crowd - maybe a protest - and to call them and tell them what was happening. Again, his new mobile was not working. So he went to a landline phone and called the Americans and told them: 'Here I am, in the place you sent me and I can tell you what's happening here.' And at that moment there was a big explosion in his car."
Just who these "Americans" might be, my source did not say. In the anarchic and panic-stricken world of Iraq, there are many US groups - including countless outfits supposedly working for the American military and the new Western-backed Iraqi Interior Ministry - who operate outside any laws or rules. No one can account for the murder of 191 university teachers and professors since the 2003 invasion - nor the fact that more than 50 former Iraqi fighter-bomber pilots who attacked Iran in the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war have been assassinated in their home towns in Iraq in the past three years.
Amid this chaos, a colleague of my source asked me, how could Syria be expected to lessen the number of attacks on Americans inside Iraq? "It was never safe, our border," he said. "During Saddam's time, criminals and Saddam's terrorists crossed our borders to attack our government. I built a wall of earth and sand along the border at that time. But three car bombs from Saddam's agents exploded in Damascus and Tartous- I was the one who captured the criminals responsible. But we couldn't stop them."
Now, he told me, the rampart running for hundreds of miles along Syria's border with Iraq had been heightened. "I have had barbed wire put on top and up to now we have caught 1,500 non-Syrian and non-Iraqi Arabs trying to cross and we have stopped 2,700 Syrians from crossing ... Our army is there - but the Iraqi army and the Americans are not there on the other side."
Behind these grave suspicions in Damascus lies the memory of Saddam's long friendship with the United States. "Our Hafez el-Assad [the former Syrian president who died in 2000] learnt that Saddam, in his early days, met with American officials 20 times in four weeks. This convinced Assad that, in his words, 'Saddam is with the Americans'. Saddam was the biggest helper of the Americans in the Middle East (when he attacked Iran in 1980) after the fall of the Shah. And he still is! After all, he brought the Americans to Iraq!"
So I turn to a story which is more distressing for my sources: the death by shooting of Brigadier General Ghazi Kenaan, former head of Syrian military intelligence in Lebanon - an awesomely powerful position - and Syrian Minister of Interior when his suicide was announced by the Damascus government last year.
Widespread rumours outside Syria suggested that Kenaan was suspected by UN investigators of involvement in the murder of the former Lebanese prime minister Rafik Hariri in a massive car bomb in Beirut last year - and that he had been "suicided" by Syrian government agents to prevent him telling the truth.
Not so, insisted my original interlocutor. "General Ghazi was a man who believed he could give orders and anything he wanted would happen. Something happened that he could not reconcile - something that made him realise he was not all-powerful. On the day of his death, he went to his office at the Interior Ministry and then he left and went home for half an hour. Then he came back with a pistol. He left a message for his wife in which he said goodbye to her and asked her to look after their children and he said that what he was going to do was 'for the good of Syria'. Then he shot himself in the mouth."
Of Hariri's assassination, Syrian officials like to recall his relationship with the former Iraqi interim prime minister Iyad Alawi - a self-confessed former agent for the CIA and MI6 - and an alleged $20bn arms deal between the Russians and Saudi Arabia in which they claim Hariri was involved.
Hariri's Lebanese supporters continue to dismiss the Syrian argument on the grounds that Syria had identified Hariri as the joint author with his friend, French President Jacques Chirac, of the UN Security Council resolution which demanded the retreat of the Syrians from Lebanese territory.
But if the Syrians are understandably obsessed with the American occupation of Iraq, their long hatred for Saddam - something which they shared with most Iraqis - is still intact. When I asked my first "security" source what would happen to the former Iraqi dictator, he replied, banging his fist into his hand: "He will be killed. He will be killed. He will be killed."
http://www.worldproutassembly.org/archives/2006/05/seen_through_a.html
 
Gossamer skye said:
You tell me, it is isolated.. It was so incredibly deliberate that I imagine even enjoyed just given the hateful comments I have read about the death of this poor woman...

all the best
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Marwa's murder was deliberate and cruel. No doubt about it.

What I meant by 'isolated case' is that this is the only case of a Muslim in Germany being killed for her faith that I am aware of.
Now there may be other cases like this, but I do not believe that being killed for your religion in a frequent or regular occurrence in Germany.
I don't think it is justified to think of Germany as a Muslim-hating and anti-Islamic nation, based on one such isolated incident (however tragic and terrible that incident may be!)

If I am mistaken then the media manipulate our knowledge and understanding of what goes on in the world more than I expected!

oh I know no one cares about the 2000 afghanis murdered by U.S troops, with no more than the base troll's words that they are terrorists, or 10,000 mass grave for Bosnians, or the Iraqis and palis on daily basis .. No, dear madam it isn't an isolated case.. it is an everyday occurrence..
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I agree that there are too many innocent people murdered across the world. It is a shame to humanity! imsad

When I spoke about an isolated incident I was referring to the murder of Marwa in Germany, not in places like Afghanistan, Bosnia and Iraq!

But what makes you think that no one cares??
I know of many non-Muslims who pray for peace on a daily basis, and who are involved in charity and human rights groups and anti-war demonstrations to address those issues you mentioned. Would you like me to find some links for you?

what makes marwa's more maddening is that the west isn't only unmoved by the murder of a pregnant pharmacist, mother and wife, in a court room in broad day light, it is that not only do they feel it is justified, but try with every possible chance to either water it down, or bring unrelated acts that may or maynot be perpetrated by Muslims, and I doubt any of them are at all to deflect away from the situation...
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That is grossly unfair.
What makes you think that the 'West is unmoved'??
You may hear some people say hateful things, you may hear some politicians trying to worm their way out ... but please don't draw the conclusion that the 'West is unmoved'! It is not true.
 
glo said:
I know of many non-Muslims who pray for peace on a daily basis, and who are involved in charity and human rights groups and anti-war demonstrations to address those issues you mentioned. Would you like me to find some links for you?
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It's OK ma'am, you may bring them here, we need to clear the misunderstanding in both sides :statisfie no problem. The reason I made this thread is to clear the misunderstanding of both side and not only talking about Muslim oppression to blame others. We just highlighting what had been hidden in one side so that everyone of us could see what had happened through out human history.

I would like to see both World, East and West could co-exist without any misunderstanding and living in peace. We had experienced being colonized by Western World whether Western World deny it or not. We feel that International media leaded by Western medias had been unjust to us all and not highlighting about Muslim sufferings rather slandering us with Terrorism, Militant, and Separatist acts. That is so disappointing imsad This is also being the reason of other medias such as CCTV (China Central Television) and al-Jazeera channel being established as they are trying to oppose what had been tagged to others.

I may also point out about a Yemeni Jew lady, Ofar Haza who was killed by Israel for her participation in human rights in helping to bring the problem of Yemeni Jews being oppressed in Israel to the knowledge of the world and she's not a Muslim.

The question is why Islam is being accused as the only religion related to Terrorism by Western media until it is also being the trend in other non-Muslim media? Any other hidden agendas? I can only see Islam served as the opponent to inequalities, the destroyer of racism although G-d never asks us to abandon our own culture, and destroying the barriers of status that made human enslaving others who are also the same human as them, although some Muslims were also deceived through false nationalism and other flaws in themselves taught through Imperialism or due to the influence from previous customs (native Muslims in my country have Hindu-Buddhism root). I'm not condemning other faith, I have fair knowledge about Hinduism and Buddhism and I lived among Buddhists who practiced Brahmanism (ancient Hinduism), also had earlier participated in their religious activities during the time of my ignorance in my own religion (Islam).

Islam actually had helped us defending our grandfathers from being enslaved in 19th C and before by non-Muslim regional nations/kingdoms through the teaching of Hubb-ul-Wathani (Love the Motherland). We still are Muslim here although we are non-Arabs speaking our ancestors language, and our grandfathers and grandmothers defended Islam more than those in the Middle East.
 
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http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/wor...killed-and-50-injured-in-Jakarta-attacks.html

Another bombing, this time Indonesia and again another somewhat indiscriminate target. Thinking over the question why, I presume those placing these bomb shared the same sentiments displayed in this thread i.e. that Muslims are being badly treated in one shape or another and that the principal protagonist is the ‘west’ and that these expensive hotels are legitimate targets because they are owned or occupied by ‘westerners.’

I started wondering about how some Muslims came about this Muslim v ‘west’ conflict and pondered the question is it a Muslim v west conflict or is it a believer v non-believer conflict or a dar-al-Islam v dar-al-kafir conflict i.e. are these disgruntled Muslims blaming the ‘west’ or the kafirs for their perceived injustices?
 
ISLAM BLOOMS AGAIN IN TURKEY
Dec 1st, 1989

An order forbidding Muslim ladies covering themselves with veil and obliged them to wear modern style clothes modeled from West in the universities in Turkey had been a new symbol for the separation between religion and states.

 There is no such thing in Islam as the separation of religion and states, we are not like the Catholic in 17th C or in the medieval time and every Muslim must equip themselves with scripture knowledge and basic jurispundence, the religion is not the monopoly of any particular religious group. Isn't this also considered as snatching others right to practice their faith when they are banned from wearing veil in the public? It is no different to what had been imposed to certain Muslim nation who banned skimpy dress on the ladies who wants to wear such dress in the public. In my country, women are free to wear anything they want, without veil or with veil, even some Muslim teenagers are wearing vogue clothes or American teenage style more than what had been worn in the US or in West

The separation had happened since the rule of Attaturk when the ideology of Secularism being introduced as the basic principle of the Republic of Turkey. Kemal Attaturk had rejected anything Islamic from the heritage of Ottoman Caliphate in 1923.

However after 66 years, Muslims are permitted to preach Islam again in the road. Recently a group of women had destroyed 150 pictures of naked women in an art gallery as a protest on the effort of manipulating human as art material.

Those women with veil too protested in Ankara calling for the ban of veil in universities being banished after Turgut Ozal being elected as the president in October 31st.

Ozal is the first president of Turkey from non-elite army group and he is not a secularist. He supported the rights of the women covering themselves with veil.

While when he was a Prime Minister for six years, he had performed pilgrimage to Mecca thrice. He is quoted as saying last year: "Islam is the basis of our Unity and it is important above all."

The step of Ozal attending Friday prayers being followed by other politicians and the ministers in his cabinet. Among them who also attended the Friday prayer is the foreign minister, Mesut Yilmaz, a figure with Liberal Thinking.

However, many diplomats rejected any possibility that a revolution as what had happened in Iran will happen in Turkey. According to a research of citizens' opinion in 1988, almost 69% of Turkish reject any Islamic Revolution.

The diplomats emphasized that Turkey is a pragmatic country including in the issue of religion. Turkish had been living for 65 years under Secularism and they are of Sunni school that made them different to those in Iran.

But few, Secularist figures in Turkey are anxious that Islamic system will absorb in through the back door of the country.

"Almost 200, 000 Muslims finishing their studies in the Madrasa in Turkey every year. Some of them became the teachers in Madrasa, Law workers, school teachers, police, and government servants," said an article writer and a religion researcher, Ugur Mamcu.

The numbers showing that since six years ago that 30% of the graduates in Science Politics Department of Ankara University are with religious background. The faculty is among the famous faculties in Turkey and for more than 130 years ago, it had created many candidates who served high posts in government service.

"In the 21st C, many of those government servants are with religious background in their education." Mumcu said

A Muslim preacher known as Cemalettin Kaplan who is also called as the "Black Voice" is wanted by the authority because of his speech calling for a revolution in Turkey during his visit in West Germany.

The groups who had chosen for Islam are actually divided to few Tareqa (parties) and supported by government although not openly announced in the public.

Although the Law in Turkey posed a long term jail sentence to those who oppose Secularism, many know that the Tareqa groups exist and many of them are involved in political turbulence in Turkey.

Mumcu said that, an official policy which is rarely known to public was announced, that Islam is permitted by the authority as it could discard the development of Communism in Turkey.

Reports in newspapers said that politicians always discuss with the leaders of Tareqa which is rarely denied by the authority.

Tareqa Nur is believed supporting Suleyman Demirel who had been elected a PM for four times. He is now a leader of the opposition political party known as "True Path."

Tareqa Suleymanci which was formed in 50's focused on Islamic education using Quran as the basis of the subjects in their school.

Tareqa Naqsyabandi, that had exist since 13th C in Central Asia was categorized under anti-Secularism group among all religious movement in Turkey.

Naqsyabandi is said as having close relationship with Ozal family which the first PM of Turkey came from and in 1983 the PM had established Islamic Bank with special rights.

Tareqa - Sufi movement
 
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Thinker said:
http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/07/13/iraq.church.bombings/index.html

Six churches in and around Baghdad were bombed over the weekend, leaving four dead, officials told CNN. A total of 35 people have been wounded in the wave of attacks, including the three children Monday.

Would our brothers and sisters from Malaysia (and elsewhere) share with me in condeming acts of violence towards all religious groups?
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Certainly. I condemn all acts of violence towards all innocent people, including but not limited to the adults and children in those churches.

Places of worship are off-limits in war, so that makes these atrocities even worse.
 
Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih And The Opening Of Istanbul (Constantinople) 1453 AD
By: Hasrizal Abdul Jamil
BA (Hons) SHARIA Mu’tah University, Jordan

Introduction

Istanbul or previously known as Constantinople, is among the cities regarded as nostalgic to the World. It is not only recorded in Islamic History, but the status of the city as among the main city in the World certainly attract people around the World to see the connection of their glorious history in the city of Istanbul which was established by the Emperor of Byzantine, Constantine I around 330 AD.

The strategic location of the city, was expressed by Napoleon Bonaparte as, "...if this World is a Country, Constantinople is the one qualified as the Capital!" Constantinople had already became the Capital of Byzantine Empire since its establishment. This had made the City as among the biggest main City of the World.

The location of the City, had placed it in a special position in Muslims mind when both of the Civilization met. The prophet (pbuh) was reported as had already prophecied for few times about the good news. He was reported as saying that the City will be opened again by Muslims in Khandak Battle. Prophet (pbuh) said in a Hadith:

"Indeed Constantinople will be opened. The most honorable leader is their leader, and the most honorable soldiers are his soldiers."

There is also other Hadiths reported this, and this had made Muslim Caliphates and other leader of Muslims trying to subdue the City of Constantinople. THe first effort was made in 44 H in the time of Muawiyya Ben Abi Sufian. But his effort was to no avail showing that "the honorable leader is yet to come." A companion of the prophet (pbuh) whose name is Abu Ayyub al-Ansari too was martyred and he was buried at the sub-urb of the City. In the time of Umayya Caliphate, Sulaiman Ben Abdul Malik tried to subdue and re-open the city again in 98 H with his capable army but G-d (Glorious be His Name) still did not permit them to enter the City. (refer to Al-Ibar by Ibnu Khaldun 3 / 70 and Tarikh Khalifah Ben Khayyath pg. 315)

In the era of Abbasiyya, the efforts were still in progress but still fail to subdue the City including in the time of Caliph Harun ar-Rasyeed in 190 H.

After the falling of Baghdad in 656 H, the effort to subdue Constantinople was continued by few small kingdoms in Minor Asia (Anatolia), especially by the Kingdom of Seljuq. Their famous leader, Alp Arslan (455-456 H/1063-1072 AD) had succeed in defeating the Emperor of Rome, Dimonos in 463 H/1070 AD. He had seized Dimonos and jailed him before he was conditionally released after he agreed to pay for annual Jizya (a small amount of tax to protect the kingdom of those who were subdued). This event had put a large part of Roman Empire under the influence of Muslim Seljuq Kingdom.

However, Seljuq faced turbulences and later fall. Few fractions of small kingdoms were formed from Seljuq. Among them is Roman-Seljuq that had managed to expand their influence to the Ege Sea in the East, and later weakened the influence and the grippance of Roman Empire.

Costantinople And Daulah Ottomania

In the beginning of the 8th H/14 C, Daulah Ottomania had made a pact with Roman-Seljuq which at that time were centralized in Konya City. The pact had rejuvenates Muslims' spirit to subdue Constantinople. The earliest effort was made by Sultan Yildrim Beyazid where he had surrounded the City in 767 H/1393 AD. The chance is used by Sultan Beyazid to force the Emperor of Byzantine to surrender the administration of Byzantine to Muslim in peace without any blood spilling. However Muslim failed to enter after assistance came from Europe and in the same time, the Tartar-Mongol (Chagatay Turks) army lead by Tamerlane attacked Daulah Ottomania. The attack was known as the War of Ankara and this had made Sultan Beyazid have to retreat his army as to defend the kingdom from the attack. Sultan Beyazid was subdued and later died in 1402 AD. The event had stopped the idea to subdue Constantinople for a while.

When Daulah Ottomania managed to develop again after the war, the spirit to work on the re-opening of the City alive again. Their spirit and their diligence had determined Sultan Murad II (824-8663 H/1421-1451 AD) to continue the effort. Again, they surrounded Constatinople but in the same time, betrayal happened among Muslims. The Emperor of Byzantine took the opportunity to pour slanders and scatter the saf (lines) of Muslim army. This had made the efforts of Sultan Murad II facing the failure until the time of his son, Sultan Muhammad al-Fateh, the 7th Caliph of Daulah Ottomania.

Since his childhood, Sultan Muhammad al-Fateh had closely observed and seeing the efforts of his father to subdue Constatinople. He also studied the earlier efforts made along Muslim History in order to re-open the City. This had strengthened his desire to continue the efforts of previous Muslims. When he succeed his father in 855 H/1451 AD, he had started to think and arranging strategies to subdue the City.

The strength of Sultan Muhammad is actually in his high moral and personal characters. Since child, he was intensively educated by pious Ulamas in his time. During the rule of his father, Sheikh Muhammad Ben Ismail al-Kurani is the one who became the Murabbi (teacher) of Amir Muhammad. In that time, Amir Muhammad was a governor in Manisa. Sultan Murad II had sent few Ulamas to teach his son before, but he never pay attention to them. Later he sent al-Kurani to Amir Muhammad and he also had given the authority to stroke Amir Muhammad if he refuse to respect the teacher. When he met Amir Muhammad and explained that Sultan Murad II had given him the authority to stroke him if he refuse to listen to his teacher. Amir Muhammad spontaneously laughed and Sheikh al-Kurani stroked the prince on the spot. This event had left a deep meaning to Amir Muhammad and later he memorized glorious Quran in only short time.

The education received from Murabbi Ulamas had been a major influence and brought big impact not only to Sultan Muhammad, but also to the administration pattern and the customs of Daulah Ottomania. If Sultan committing wrong things, his Murabbi will advise him. Sultan Muhammad was only called by his name without any title by his Murabbi, and when he shake hands with the Ulamas, he will lower himself and humbly kissing their hands as the sign of respect. The Sultan is respected in the whole Muslim world (we in SEA respect him as a pious king and caliph), his characteristics is formed through scripture and religious education.

Sheikh Ak Semsettin

In the same time, Sheikh Semsettin (Syamsuddin) is among a Murabbi (Teacher) of Sultan Muhammad. His real name is Muhammad Ben Hamzah ad-Dimshiqi ar-Rumi, and he is among a descent of prophet companion, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq. He taught Sultan Muhammad basic knowledges such as Quran, Hadiths, Linguistics (Arabic, Persian, Turkish), and skills such as Maths, Astrology, History, and Battle Tactics.

Sheikh Ak Semsettin confided Sultan Muhammad that he is the one mentioned by prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in Hadiths concerning the re-opening of Constantinople. When he succed his father, he immediately met Sheikh Ak Semsettin and prepared for army to subdue Constantinople and fulfilling the prophecy of the prophet (pbuh). A battle happened and it took about 54 days.

Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih loves Sheikh Ak Semsettin so much. He is among his important and respected teachers. He mentioned about him during the re-opening of Istanbul, "...all of you can see that I'm glad today. But this pleasure is not only because of the re-opening of the City, but this is also because my Sheikh is present with me today, he is my Teacher, Sheikh Ak Semsettin."

Preparation toward the re-Opening

Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih had made a large preparation to achieve the goal in subduing the City. He prepared for about 250, 000 soldiers and it is considered as a big army at that time. Those soldiers were intensively trained and they were told about the prophecy.

They build Rumeli Fort (Rumeli Hisar) at the bank of Bosphorus Channel. It is the narrowest part between banks of Asia and Europe. The Fort is facing a Fort build by Sultan Beyazid at the Asian side. It functioned in monitoring the traffic at the channel. The Emperor of Byzantine tried hard defending his City by sending troops to destroy the Fort build by Sultan Muhammad, however his plan were all failed and Sultan Muhammad managed to finis the construction of the Fort.

Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih too had managed to upgrade the armories thet will be used by his army. He get the srvice of a canon specialist whose name is Orban. Few canons were invented including the famous Royal Canon. Few historical notes told us on how big is the canon and it is the biggest canon at that time. The weight of the canon achieved hundred tonnes and it needs hundred of people to make it move. He also prepared 400 ships for the same reason to subdue the city.

He made pacts and peace treaty with other enemies. This is also an important strategy where they only focused for one target without any sudden threats. Among the treaty made is with Galata, a neighbor of Byzantine. The news about that reached Byzantine Emperor and he's so much anxious. Later, he tried anything that he can to influence Sultan Muhammad to cancel his desire to enter Constantinople. Byzantine Emperor too tried to bribe the Sultan with presents and gifts, however the Sultan never accept those things.

Seeing that all of his efforts to avoid his City from being subdued, the Emperor later trying to get help from Western European nations. His fear is more than the pride and loyalty in his religion had made him ignoring the difference in their sect. All of the Byzantine Churches are holding the Orthodox sect while the leadership of the Church in Western European countries are the Catholics.

The Emperor do not care anymore to be a hypocrite in order to maintain his power and status. He also agreed to change the sect of Byzantine from Orthodox to Catholic in order to unite both sects. He also had delivered his speech in Hagia Sophia Church and proclaimed the obedience of Byzantine to Catholic leadership in Western Europe. This had made the inhabitants of Byzantine angry. One of the Orthodox religious leader had said that, "I would rather see the turban of Turks here, than seeing the knight hat of Latins!" The situation had made the subjects rebelled to the decision of the Emperor and they assumed their Emperor as a traitor.

The Attack

Costantinople has few special geographical traits. It is surronded bt sea in three side, which are the Bosphorus channel, Marmara Sea, and the Golden Horn Maritime area which has a door with gigantic iron grill. It functioned to stop ships from entering the main entrance of Constantinople.

After few neat process, Sultan Muhammad finally reached the entrance of Constantinople on Thursday 26th of Rabiul Awwal 857 H/6th April 1453 AD. In front of his 250, 000 army, he delivered his sermon and reminded them about the importance to purify their intention and only hoping for the reward from G-d. He also recited few Quranic verses and recite again the Hadiths about prophet's prophecy. This boost soldiers spirits and they praise G-d beside reciting prayers to Him. Ulamas too are together with them and always reminding them if they commit wrong doings.

The next day, Sultan Muhammad arranged and divided his army to three groups. The first group is the main group patrolling around the City. Behind the first group, which is the spare troops supporting those in the front. Royal Canon was placed facing Topkapi Port. Other army were placed in few strategic area such as around Byzantine. The ships of Ottomania were placed around the maritime area surrounding Constantinople. However. those ships failed to enter the Golden Horn Cape because of the Iron Chain at the Entrance.

Since the first day of the attack, Byzantine soldiers had tried hard to prevent Ottomania soldiers from getting close to their entrance doors. But strategic attack launched by Muslim soldiers succed in breaking the obstacles. This is also followed by the attacks from canons surrounding the city. The sound of the canons made the subjects in Constatinople scared and affected their spirit to hold on.

Ottomania army in the sea tried several times to pass the Iron Chain at the entrance door of Golden Horn Cape. The same time, they have to face arrows shot from Byzantine ships and Western European ships who came to help. The trial of Sultan Muhammad to enter Constantinople fail and this gives a bit hope for the people in Constantinople. Priests walked in the alleys of the City and reminding the subjects to be patient and praying to Jesus and Mary so that the City will be saved from the infidels (Muslim). The Emperor of Byzantine too frequently visiting the Church of Hagia Sophia for the same reason, to pray.

The Treaty Between Sultan Muhammad and The Emperor Constantine

The Emperor Constantine tried to deceive Sultan Muhammad with presents and offers to make sure that he can maintain his position as the Emperor. But Sultan Muhammad never accept those offers, but repeating that his decision will never change. He urged the Emperor to peacefully surrendering the City to Daulah Ottomania. Sultan Muhammad promised that if Constantinople being surrendered without any blood spilling, nobody will be harmed, he himself will make sure that no churches being demolished, and guaranteed the safety of Constantinople subjects' property. Among what had been written in his letter to Constantine, "...surrender your Empire, Constantinople. I swear that my soldiers will never harm anyone life, property, and dignity. Those who wants to live in the City may live and are free to do anything. And those who want to leave also may safely leave."

However, the ecirclement of Sultan Muhammad is still incomplete due to the obstacle at the Golden Horn Cape. The Muslim soldiers are still launching attacks and in 18th of April 1453 AD, the army of Daulah Ottomania succeed in breaking the Wall of Byzantine in Lycos Valley which is located in the west of the City. Byzantine army worked hard defending their city. Few battles to happened with horrible arrows flying all around.

The same day, few Ottomania war ships rushed into the entrance in Golden Horn Cape. The union of Byzantine army and Western Europe managed to defend the entrance and their ships were destroyed. They have to return back to their region and avoiding from being totally destroyed.

Two days after the attack, another attack followed in the sea between both parties. Sultan Muhammad himself monitoring the mission from the coast. He sent a messenger to his soldiers in the sea during the battle. He said, "...whether you subdue those ships or you make them all sink. If you fail, don't come ever come back, while you are still alive!"

Sultan Muhammad too riding his horse near the beach and loudly shouted, the name of the mission leader, Palta Oglu to boost his spirit. Seeing their Sultan doing so, they work more hard. But they still fail. The failure had made Sultan Muhammad so angry and he fired Palta Oglu. The position was given to Hamza Pasha.

The failure had given a large impact to Ottomania soldiers. Khalil Pasha who was a Wezir (minister) trying to persuade Sultan Muhammad to cancel the attacks and accepting the Treaty with Constantinople that those people will surrender without the need to be subdued. The suggestion is objected by Sultan. Now is the time for him to think about the tricks for his soldiers to pass the Golden Horn Cape through sea...

The Miracle of Ottomania Soldiers

Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih had found an extraordinary method to bring the ships into the area of Golden Horn Cape. Nobody had ever think about this before. He called hos army and suggesting them to bring the ships into Golden Horn Cape maritime area using land route! At that night, the army with extraordinary spirit managed to pull 70 ships from the coast of Besiktas to Galata through high hill with the distance of 3 miles! This extraordinary event is beyond the imagination of human today.

In 22 April, the people of Costantinople were surprised with the voice of people chanting the Takbeer, and the praising songs of the soldiers in the Golden Horn Cape. Nobody could imagine how is that happened in only a night. Some of them too believed that Sultan Muhammad summoned the assistance from demons and satan. Yilmas Oztuna in his book the History of Othmania told us that how a historian of Byzantine empire said, "We had never seen or hear this kind of miracle before. Muhammad al-Fatih had made the land became sea, and sailing his ships on the top of the hill and not on the sea. This is more than what had been done by Alexander the Great."

Costantine organized a meeting with his ministers to plan the next strategies, but they still fail to find any solution. Constantine refuse to go to Roma and seeking help there, so he decided to defend the City alone.

Big Attacks

The position of Ottomania is now firmed, and Sultan Muhammad launched big attacks to the last Fort of Byzantine. The canon destroyed a merchant ship at the Cape of Golden Horn and chase away European soldiers. They leave through Galata. After the success, the attack were launched day and night.

The chants of “G-d is the Greatest!” filling the air and it seems like phsychologically threatening the people. Their spirit low down, and in the same time they did not expect the new tactic of war that had made them astonished.

When the heavy wind stopped, the people of Constantinople realized that Muslim soldiers had dug tunnels to enter the center of the City. They are afraid, even sometimes mistaken their own foot step sound as coming from Muslim Turks steps. They are afraid that the "Turks" will arise from the ground because of the tunnels.

Last Peace Effort

Sultan Muhammad is confident that he will win the battle. His love toward Constantinople and the prophecy of prophet (pbuh) had determined him to subdue the City without any destruction. He sent a messnger again to Constantine and calling the Emperor to surrender the City without any war. When the messenger delivered the message, Constantine discussed with his ministers whether they should surrender or defending the City to their last blood? Some suggest him to just surrender while some wanted to defend their City. Constantine chose the second suggestion and he sent a respond to the Sultan, "...grace be to Lord that Sultan desires for peace and is ready to accept Jizya tax. But Constantine had already sworn to hold in here till the end for the crown... or die here and engraved in the City!" When he received the respond, Sultan Muhammad answered, "All right... it will be so in Constantinople, whether the crown or the coffin..."

Muhammad later discussed about the next strategies. And he has to consider many possibilities in his plan to subdue the City.

Victory Day

In 27 May 1453, Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih with his army prepared themselves with spiritual disciplines. They trying to purify themselves in the presence of G-d. They prayed and praised G-d with the hope that the Victory would come without any loss. The Ulamas checkced the lines of the soldiers and boosting the spirit of the soldiers. They were told about the companion of prophet Abu Ayyub al-Ansari who was martyred in the City, "...indeed when the prophet (pbuh) came to Medina with the victory of Hijra (migration), he had went to the house of Abu Ayyub al-Ansari. Abu Ayyub had came to Constantinople, and he is still here." This word too is carved in the mind of Sultan Muhammad and his soldiers.

The same thing too happened in Constantinople, they performed their prayers with all of their heart with the hope that He will assist them...

In the morning of Tuesday, 20th Jumadil Awwal 857 AD/ 29th May 1453 AD, a mass attack was launched. The army was ordered to chant the prayers before entering the City. The people there are at the peak of their fear. The Muslim soldiers who had purified themselves had thinking nothing about worldly affair. They just think about G-d and entering the City.

They succeed to penetrate the City through Ederne Port and the flag of Ottomania waving in the air on the peak of the City. Constantine who had lost all of his hope had took of his Emperor suit so that he won't be recognized by enemies. He was killed in the battle field when trying to escape.

The news about the death of the Emperor weakened the spirits of Byzantine army. The victory is on the side of Muslims and Sultan Muhammad expressed his gratitude to G-d and toward the inhabitants of earth and heavens. He said, "...thank you G-d, and may G-d bless the soul of those martyred, and the pride and gratitude is for my subjects (including the Byzantines)."

The most good Leader and Soldiers

In that day, the majority of Byzantines are hiding in the churches around the City. Sultan Muhammad had warned his soldiers to greet the people with respect beside he congratulate his soldiers as they had succeed in fulfilling the prophecy of prophet (pbuh):

"Indeed Constantinople will be re-opened. The most leader is their leader, and the most good soldiers is his soldiers."

With full of gratitude and humble, Sultan Muhammad prostrated to the earth and pouring sands on his head as the sign of his humbleness and gratitude to G-d for granting him the victory.

He walked to the Cathedral of Hagia Sophia where a large number of Christians are seeking refuge in there and when he approached the door, he can see the fear in their faces. A priest opened the door for him, and Sultan Muhammad asked him to tranquilize those who are seeking refuge in the church. Through his tolerance, they arise out from their hidden places and even some of the priests bearing their testimony of being a Muslim seeing that Muslims are not like what they imagined before.

After that, Sultan Muhammad asking the Bishop permission to change the Cathedral into a Mosque so that the first Friday prayer can be conducted there. While talking with the Bishop, a Turkish soldier came, he is a Serb and a Christian. He brought the head of Constantine. The Sultan asked him whether he himself fighting with the Emperor? He answered that he only saw the corpse of the Emperor and cut it down before bringing it to the Sultan. The Sultan was so furious, and he ordered the soldier being beheaded for insulting the corpse of the Emperor. One of his soldier too in the beginning trying to vandalize the Church, and the Sultan nearly broke his head with the Chandelier for the insolent act.

After getting the permission from the Bishop, the process of de-imaging executed in the Cathedral and it is changed into a Jami Mosque. On Friday, Sultan Muhammad and Muslims prayed there. The first sermon is delivered there by Sheikh Ak Semsettin. On that day too, Sultan Muhammad swear that those who turned the Mosque into a Chruch again after the permission will be accursed by the G-d of the Mosque.

The name Constantinople was changed to Islam Bol means "Islamic City," and it became the third Capital of Ottoman Caliphate after Bursa and Edirne. Sultan Muhammad too invited the Bishop and important priests in the City as he wanted them to establish a separate council for their religion. All of the cost for their Churches maintenance will be taken care by the Caliphate. Istanbul remain in Ottoman Caliphate as an administration center, civilization, knowledge, and the glory of Islam for centuries... until it was officially ended by Mustafa Kemal Attaturk in 1924 AD.

Hagia Sophia was changed to a Church again by Attaturk through the pretext of a museum. The images being plastered again at the Dome. The manifesto of Refah political party in the election to bring back the function of the Mosque had stopped for a while because of the party was illegalized last year.

Translated from: http://syukran.wordpress.com
 
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Answering Thinker questions, we have to break the answer into few layers. As for today, the problem is not about Islam vs West. Western civilians have nothing to do with the oppressions in certain countries, but the policy of certain Western countries might affect others. It is because of the opposition in values and when each other can't tolerate each other, the problem arise.

As for us in Asia region, not only Muslim opposed Western, but also non-Muslims such as in China and in India. And it is not because of racism. It is because of values. Western world had broke into our area around 18th-19th C and included us into their protectorate or maybe colonization. We are treated as we have no right on our own nations while we had been here the same like Western people established their kingdoms.

You have to check our history too. Why we have problem with Western World? Western World had brought here the enmity of Crusade Wars such as in the exploration of Portuguese around 15th C. We lived with our own values although Islam being embraced since 8th C. It came slowly and through economic relation. Not through war. When Portuguese came, say in Malacca kingdom, they brought their mission, Gospel, Gold, and Glory. In the beginning they are doing business, but later included us into their colonized land.

In order to have influence and for their own benefit in business, certain business company such as East Indies British Company or Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie had interfere in our kingdoms affair. Later their government being dragged to include us as their protectorate land. They brought in new immigrants and changing the demographic of our countries and practicing divide and rule policy in the colonized lands, but I wonder why the people in certain countries are furious and suspicious when Asian immigrants or African immigrants from the countries colonized living together with them or working in their countries? Yet the media of those Western countries playing the record of "Holy War," "Jihad" and Muslim = Terrorist while we in here still respecting Western people? Even you can come to our countries and being treated like a King in the immigration center while we as the citizen of a certain country too still being treated by our own authority as second class people, you can also live in our countries freely without being harrassed like poor Marwa among those who were harrassed, and coincidently, most of them are Muslims.

Myself as an example, I don't have any problem with non-Muslim in fact I respect them more than they respect me in our own country. I had experienced living in a majority Buddhist village, even my grandfather house is near to a Buddhist Temple. I also have few Christian friends from various ethnics and races. Even when I talked to Christian Arabs in my varsity from Syria or Lebanon, I still call them as Akh (brother). I would like to emphasize that Western media should not using inappropriate terms and equating others to a certain notorious claimants. We also should be aware about every aspects in each others. This will also show how open Westerners really are despite of various notorious accusations imposed to others including to Muslim. This is not to generate hate toward Western people, it is just reminding that we should be aware about others so that we may bridge good relationship and understanding.
 
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malayloveislam said:
Answering Thinker questions, we have to break the answer into few layers. As for today, the problem is not about Islam vs West. Western civilians have nothing to do with the oppressions in certain countries, but the policy of certain Western countries might affect others. It is because of the opposition in values and when each other can't tolerate each other, the problem arise.

As for us in Asia region, not only Muslim opposed Western, but also non-Muslims such as in China and in India. And it is not because of racism. It is because of values. Western world had broke into our area around 18th-19th C and included us into their protectorate or maybe colonization. We are treated as we have no right on our own nations while we had been here the same like Western people established their kingdoms.

You have to check our history too. Why we have problem with Western World? Western World had brought here the enmity of Crusade Wars such as in the exploration of Portuguese around 15th C. We lived with our own values although Islam being embraced since 8th C. It came slowly and through economic relation. Not through war. When Portuguese came, say in Malacca kingdom, they brought their mission, Gospel, Gold, and Glory. In the beginning they are doing business, but later included us into their colonized land.

In order to have influence and for their own benefit in business, certain business company such as East Indies British Company or Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie had interfere in our kingdoms affair. Later their government being dragged to include us as their protectorate land. They brought in new immigrants and changing the demographic of our countries and practicing divide and rule policy in the colonized lands, but I wonder why the people in certain countries are furious and suspicious when Asian immigrants or African immigrants from the countries colonized living together with them or working in their countries? Yet the media of those Western countries playing the record of "Holy War," "Jihad" and Muslim = Terrorist while we in here still respecting Western people? Even you can come to our countries and being treated like a King in the immigration center while we as the citizen of a certain country too still being treated by our own authority as second class people, you can also live in our countries freely without being harrassed like poor Marwa among those who were harrassed, and coincidently, most of them are Muslims.

Myself as an example, I don't have any problem with non-Muslim in fact I respect them more than they respect me in our own country. I had experienced living in a majority Buddhist village, even my grandfather house is near to a Buddhist Temple. I also have few Christian friends from various ethnics and races. Even when I talked to Christian Arabs in my varsity from Syria or Lebanon, I still call them as Akh (brother). I would like to emphasize that Western media should not using inappropriate terms and equating others to a certain notorious claimants. We also should be aware about every aspects in each others. This will also show how open Westerners really are despite of various notorious accusations imposed to others including to Muslim. This is not to generate hate toward Western people, it is just reminding that we should be aware about others so that we may bridge good relationship and understanding.
Click to expand...

Thank you, that’s all very interesting and I don’t have any great difference with what you say but it doesn’t answer my question (a question that brought me to study Islam in the first place).

I posted the question in this thread, giving the example of the recent bombing in Jakarta because I saw a lot of posts here from people of that region. My question was, with regards to the people who placed the bombs in the hotels in Jakarta, who did they hope to kill? And in general, those Muslims placing bombs who are they at war with? In asking the question I am not being flippant I really would like to know the answer.
 
Those people are mentally ill people. They thought that they had already serving the religious duty in fact those who were killed in the hotel are not only non-Muslims but also Muslims who work and stay there. Even if those people are non-Muslims, they are still human. Nobody support them even, we Muslims detest their act that only affect human life. The news is widely circulated, unlike of what had happened to Muslims like Marwa and few others being tyrannized by some people like Neo-Nazi groups in European area or in other areas.

In the first place too, the matter is still in investigation and we are just speculating about who are the bombers and behind the bombing event. It is best not to making quick assumption on those people or relating the bombing with Islam. Like Christians or others, we have many kind of people embracing Islam. Some with deep understanding about the religion since they were guided by G-d, some are people with faith and having religious knowledge that they cultivate step by step and gradually, some are born Muslims but living their life as non-believers, some had been living ungodly life but later finding some vacant space in their spiritual life but too bad they've found the wrong way or teacher or only looking at certain verses of Quran in choppy way like what had been posed by certain hatred web toward Islam so they understood that they are ordered to kill while actually they did not learn the history of revelation of certain verses, and many other kind of people.
 
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Is this the face of the bomber?
By BORHAN ABU SAMAH
Malaysian Courier

JAKARTA 20 July - Few papers of Indonesia today had shown the picture of a man who is suspected as the suicide bomber in JW Marriott Hotel and Ritz Carlton Hotel in Mega Kuningan, last Friday.

The Jawa Post had shown two pictures which the first one is the picture of the head believed as founded at the bombarded site in Ritz Carlton and a file picture of the man.

The man is believed as Nur Hasdi and among the suicide bombers. The paper quoting the police source said that the man is suspected as Nur Hasdi.

The paper also said that, the police authority had taken the DNA sample of the suspect to certify the identity of the bomber.

However, Indonesian police authority refuse to make any statement about the validity of the man's involvement in the press conference since the investigation is still in progress.

The Assistant of the Indonesian Police Public Relation Department, Brigadier Sulistyo Ishak said that till now, police authority still can't find any conclusion about the parties involved in the bombing.

Even regarding the bomb, he said that like those which had been founded in Cilacap, Central Java, and in the attack in Bali, they still do not find any retaliation of them with the involvement of Jemaah Islamiah (JI) or any proves showing the JI involvement.

He further said that, there is no doubt that the attack was done by more than two persons including a planner.

According to him, until now, four of the nine killed victims in the bombing still can't be identified.

Sulistyo also said that it is believed that the two of four killed persons which is still yet being identified are possibly the suicidal bombers.

In the Friday morning event, 53 people were injured.

While in the Jakarta Hospital, the victims of the bombings were prohibited from talking with the visitors including the reporters.

Kompas.com reported that the police authority had increase the security shield in order to protect those survive victims as they will help police to identify the suicidal bombers and also for further investigation. - Utusan.

The picture and the source text can be seen here:

http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/inf...=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Luar_Negara&pg=lu_01.htm
 
Unjust To Relate It To Islam

JAKARTA 20 Julai - The Secretary of Muslim Community Forum, (FUI), M al-Khaththath said that the bombing incident of JW MArriot Hotel should not being attached to Muslim or the Presidential election that had just finished before.

"The bombing should not being attached to Muslim community and the Presidential election that had just passed this recent," he said as quoted by the Antara News Agency after a congregation prayer here, yesterday.

He said that, the Muslims in Indonesia have no access to the bombing matters, even to the installment of the bomb or the bombers themselves.

So, it is unjust if public are making speculations and attaching the bombing with Muslim community and Presidential election.

al-Khaththath further said, security officers should also executing their responsibility in exposing those planners of the bombing and what had happened on JW Marriott and Ritz Carlton Hotels which had killed nine souls and injured 50 other victims.

While, the Executives board of the Islamic Education Oraganization (PB Tarbiyah) said that violence is not Islamic way and the attack on those two hotels last Friday have no relation with Islam at all. - BERNAMA

Translated from:

http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/inf...=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Luar_Negara&pg=lu_03.htm
 
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Police Trying To Reconstruct The Suspect Face

JAKARTA 20 Julai - Indonesian Police are trying to reconstruct as suspect face today from the founding of the head of a bomber who had bombed two luxurious hotels in Jakarta last Friday in order to identify their identity.

Forensic job might lead to an important founding in the investigation of the suicidal bombing of the two hotels that had killed nine including two of the bombers.

One of them had targeted the attack on Westerner business groups during breakfast in Marriot that had killed three Australians including a diplomat and an executive from NZ.

More than 53 people were injured in the attack which is suspected had been supported by the Jemaah Islamiah (JI) who were also responsible in an attack in Bali and few other places since late 90's.

JI was inspired from al-Qaeda and have relationship with global groups who desired for a Muslim Caliphate nation in SEA including Indonesia, Malaysia, and Southern Philippines.

Police said, a bomb which was not exploded and left in a guest room of JW Marriot Hotel is the same with the explosive material used Bali bombing which had killed 202 people and also the same with the bomb founded in a raid of anti-JI on an a religious school in Central Java.

"It is from the same school. We also found materials, items, and the same method used to create bombs. It is their job, the same link, they are JI," said a police representative, Nanan Soekarna in a press conference yesterday.

He said that investigators had reconstructed the face of a head founded in one of the hotels, with visual image, that will be shown to the witness. - AFP
 
Muslims Are Living In The Philippines Southern Islands
Berita Harian (Daily News), Sep 15th 1989

According to the Islamic Affairs Research Institute, International Service School, American University, the number of Muslims in Southern Philippines are about 5.6% which is about 3.6 million people.

The situation of those Muslims in the Philippines are almost the same with those in Thailand, Eritrea, and India. They are called as Moro by the Spanish Conquistadors. Most of them live in Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan in the South of Philippines.

Muslim in the country are divided to four majority ethnic groups, which are the Maguindanaos who live in Cota Bato, Maranao Illanun (Lanao), Tausuq and Samal.

Islam blooms in rapidly in the country around 14th - 15th C, especially when Muslim missionaries preached in both Mindanao and Sulu Islands. Among those well-known Islamic missionaries are Kareem al-Makhdum and Shareef al-Hashem.

Before Spanish Conquistadors colonizing the Philippines in 1560, the country had first attracted the Portuguese. It was "founded" by Ferdinand Magellan who was said as also favored by the king of Spain, king Phillip II who reign in 1521, in order to get bountiful of spices in the region.

After that, Christian colonialists had made great efforts in evangelizing to the natives. A century after the arrival of the Spaniards, majority of the inhabitants especially in the North (Luzon) were successfully Christianized however they can not penetrate Southern area as those in South had faithfully attached to Islam.

Those in Southern Philippines too worked hard in defending the sanctity of their religion and dignity until few wars broke among them with the Spaniards and it continues when Spaniard wanted to grab Visayan Island from the Sultanate of Sulu.

However, Spaniards managed to subdue few provinces of Sulu and Mindanao. Beginning from that, the Spaniard colonization moves into Southern Philippines until the American arrival in 1898-1920. American Policy too is more to anti-Islamic policy. The policy had made those in Southern Philippines rebelled on the new regime. Among the battle with fire-arms between them and American Regime, are Bad Baho in Jolo (1906) and Bad Bangsak. Many Muslims were killed and martyred in the war.

During 1922-1945, Commonwealth tried to conduct monitoring which bring benefits to Muslim Southern Filipinos, but some leaders like Sultan Alauya Alontos, Dato Facondo Mandi, Haji Bato, and Haji Gholam Rasul wanted separate country from those majority Christian in the North.

Those leaders brought their demand to the Commonwealth and their demand was put under consideration. An assembly council was established and the members are locals who were elected representing their area.

The entrance of Christian Northern Filipinos into Southern Philippines region
had threatened the unity and the survival of Muslim Southern Filipinos. This happened due to their different way of life such as Christians rearing swine under their houses near Muslim area, and more than that, the lands of Muslim were taken by the government for export agriculture such as coco, rubber, and coconut.

In 1936, a rebel once again happened in Tasek Lanao as Muslims are unsatisfied with the presence of Northern Filipinos. Among the main reason is that the act of military who were all Christians robbing and broking into their houses. In 1941, another rebel happen.

The Philippines possess almost 90 ethnic languages, had gain independence in 1945. But Muslim in Southern Philippines had already facing problems since the era of Spaniard colonization. It was then made complicated by Marcos and Macapagal through the integration policy of Muslim with Christians which was executed by force through social and education.

Southern Filipinos rejected the policy with the intention to form a national sense of Filipinos oriented by the Western civilization and Christianity as they had already have their own way in the South. They tried to do all sort of things to gain their freedom with three big events happened in Mindanao and Sulu around 1969, 1971, and 1971.

In the first event that happened in Corregidor Island, health, scholarship, education opportunities and economy became the main issue that had made Muslim in Southern Philippines feel marginalized despite of their area became major contributor that boosting the economy in Philippines. Later it continued to the extent of a war.

After the WWII, the rebels that had happened since 60's had formed a group of trained guerilla in order to get autonomy status in Southern Philippines.

The Southern Philippines Independent Movement is not a secret anymore after May 1st, 1963 when the governor of Cota Bato, Datu Utang Mutakalam officialized the proclamation of Muslim Independent Movement establishment which aim for the establishment of Mindanao and Sulu Republic.

Other group is known as Moro National Independence Movement, lead by Nur Misuari and Abdul Khair, established in order to guarantee the security and the dignity of Muslim in Southern Philippines.
 
malayloveislam said:
Muslims Are Living In The Philippines Southern Islands
Berita Harian (Daily News), Sep 15th 1989

According to the Islamic Affairs Research Institute, International Service School, American University, the number of Muslims in Southern Philippines are about 5.6% which is about 3.6 million people.

The situation of those Muslims in the Philippines are almost the same with those in Thailand, Eritrea, and India. They are called as Moro by the Spanish Conquistadors. Most of them live in Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan in the South of Philippines.

Muslim in the country are divided to four majority ethnic groups, which are the Maguindanaos who live in Cota Bato, Maranao Illanun (Lanao), Tausuq and Samal.

Islam blooms in rapidly in the country around 14th - 15th C, especially when Muslim missionaries preached in both Mindanao and Sulu Islands. Among those well-known Islamic missionaries are Kareem al-Makhdum and Shareef al-Hashem.

Before Spanish Conquistadors colonizing the Philippines in 1560, the country had first attracted the Portuguese. It was "founded" by Ferdinand Magellan who was said as also favored by the king of Spain, king Phillip II who reign in 1521, in order to get bountiful of spices in the region.

After that, Christian colonialists had made great efforts in evangelizing to the natives. A century after the arrival of the Spaniards, majority of the inhabitants especially in the North (Luzon) were successfully Christianized however they can not penetrate Southern area as those in South had faithfully attached to Islam.

Those in Southern Philippines too worked hard in defending the sanctity of their religion and dignity until few wars broke among them with the Spaniards and it continues when Spaniard wanted to grab Visayan Island from the Sultanate of Sulu.

However, Spaniards managed to subdue few provinces of Sulu and Mindanao. Beginning from that, the Spaniard colonization moves into Southern Philippines until the American arrival in 1898-1920. American Policy too is more to anti-Islamic policy. The policy had made those in Southern Philippines rebelled on the new regime. Among the battle with fire-arms between them and American Regime, are Bad Baho in Jolo (1906) and Bad Bangsak. Many Muslims were killed and martyred in the war.

During 1922-1945, Commonwealth tried to conduct monitoring which bring benefits to Muslim Southern Filipinos, but some leaders like Sultan Alauya Alontos, Dato Facondo Mandi, Haji Bato, and Haji Gholam Rasul wanted separate country from those majority Christian in the North.

Those leaders brought their demand to the Commonwealth and their demand was put under consideration. An assembly council was established and the members are locals who were elected representing their area.

The entrance of Christian Northern Filipinos into Southern Philippines region
had threatened the unity and the survival of Muslim Southern Filipinos. This happened due to their different way of life such as Christians rearing swine under their houses near Muslim area, and more than that, the lands of Muslim were taken by the government for export agriculture such as coco, rubber, and coconut.

In 1936, a rebel once again happened in Tasek Lanao as Muslims are unsatisfied with the presence of Northern Filipinos. Among the main reason is that the act of military who were all Christians robbing and broking into their houses. In 1941, another rebel happen.

The Philippines possess almost 90 ethnic languages, had gain independence in 1945. But Muslim in Southern Philippines had already facing problems since the era of Spaniard colonization. It was then made complicated by Marcos and Macapagal through the integration policy of Muslim with Christians which was executed by force through social and education.

Southern Filipinos rejected the policy with the intention to form a national sense of Filipinos oriented by the Western civilization and Christianity as they had already have their own way in the South. They tried to do all sort of things to gain their freedom with three big events happened in Mindanao and Sulu around 1969, 1971, and 1971.

In the first event that happened in Corregidor Island, health, scholarship, education opportunities and economy became the main issue that had made Muslim in Southern Philippines feel marginalized despite of their area became major contributor that boosting the economy in Philippines. Later it continued to the extent of a war.

After the WWII, the rebels that had happened since 60's had formed a group of trained guerilla in order to get autonomy status in Southern Philippines.

The Southern Philippines Independent Movement is not a secret anymore after May 1st, 1963 when the governor of Cota Bato, Datu Utang Mutakalam officialized the proclamation of Muslim Independent Movement establishment which aim for the establishment of Mindanao and Sulu Republic.

Other group is known as Moro National Independence Movement, lead by Nur Misuari and Abdul Khair, established in order to guarantee the security and the dignity of Muslim in Southern Philippines.
Click to expand...

you forgot to mention about the 200,000 "Balik Islam" (ex-Christian Filipinos who converted to Islam)

http://www.islamawareness.net/Asia/Philippines/mt1.html
 
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