The Life of the Grave
After this upward excursion, the soul is returned to the body in the grave, and this marks the start of what is often called the Life of the Grave. The return of the soul to the body is not to the same extent as it was during the worldly life; rather, it is only to a small extent, the soul's presence being even less than that during sleep. The primary purpose of this is to allow the dead person to respond to the Questioning of the Grave. The Prophet sallallahu `alayhe wa-sallam said, "When a servant is laid in his grave and his friends have turned away from him and he hears the footfalls of their sandals, two angels come to him, sit him upright, and ask him, 'What used you to say about this man Muhammad?' The believer will answer, 'I testify that he is the slave of Allah and His Messenger', and it will be said, 'Look at your place in Hell, Allah has changed it for a place in Heaven', and he will behold both of them. As for the hypocrite or the disbeliever, he will [also] be asked, 'What used you to say about this man?' but he will reply, 'I do not know; I [merely] used to say what people said.' He will be told, 'You did not know, nor did you follow [one who knew],' and [then] he will be struck a blow with iron hammers, whereupon he will cry out with a scream which is heard by [all] those around him, other than humans and jinn." (Related by Bukhari.) Other narrations add that these angels are named Munkar and Nakeer, and their appearance is very terrifying. They ask three questions in all, the first two being "Who is your Lord?" and "What is your religion?", and the third being about the Prophet sallallahu `alayhe wa-sallam, as mentioned in the narration above. "Allah fortifies the believers with the strengthening word" [(14) Ibrahim, 27], allowing them to answer the questions correctly, and then they sleep peacefully and pleasantly until the Day of Judgement. Sinful Muslims and disbelievers, however, are liable to be punished during this time.
Grave Punishment is a reality
On the authority of `A'ishah radiallahu `anha : a Jewess entered upon her and said, "May Allah grant you refuge from the Punishment of the Grave." So, `A'ishah asked the Messenger of Allah sallallahu `alayhe wa-sallam about grave-punishment, whereupon he said, "Yes. Grave-punishment is a reality." `A'ishah said, "I never saw the Messenger of Allah sallallahu `alayhe wa-sallam offer any prayer thereafter in which he did not seek refuge with Allah from grave-punishment." (Related by Bukhari and Muslim.)
It is obligatory to believe in grave punishment. The primary Qur'anic evidence for it is in the account of Pharoah and his disbelieving kin. "The Fire; they are exposed to it by morning and afternoon. And, on the Day the Hour is established, (it will be said), 'Enter the Household of Pharoah (into) the severest punishment." [(40) Ghafir, 46] This verse is quite explicit that the punishment they are receiving is prior to the Day of Judgement, i.e. during the life of the grave. There is also abundant evidence in the authentic sunnah, such as the following hadith : The Prophet passed by two graves, and said about their occupants, "They are being punished for something which was not serious [according to them], but, indeed it was serious. One of them used to spread tales [in order to cause mischief and enmity between people], and the other used not to free himself from [traces of] urine." Then, he took a fresh palm-leaf stalk, split it in two halves, and implanted one in each grave. He was asked, "O Messenger of Allah! Why have you done that?" He said, "[The punishment] might be lightened for them, as long as [the two stalks] do not dry up." (Related by Bukhari and Muslim.)
Exceptions from the Punishment
Prophets and martyrs are exempted from grave punishment. The martyr is also exempted from the questioning, because the clashing of swords above his head was a sufficient trial for him. However, everyone other than the prophets is liable to be subjected to a squeezing from the grave on their sides. If anyone were to have been saved from it, it would have been Sa`d ibn Mu`adh radiallahu `anhu. This squeezing is gentle for a good believer, and thereafter the grave expands and becomes spacious, but it is so severe for the disbeliever that his ribs interlock.
One can protect oneself from grave punishment (other than the squeezing), by:
- Regular repentance; for in this way one will have few if any outstanding sins.
- Martyrdom; being killed in the battlefield while fighting in the path of Allah.
- Dying while guarding the frontline of the Islamic land. (i.e. dying in ribaat).
- Reciting Surah 67 (Al-Mulk) every night.
- Saying laa ilaaha illallaahul-malikul-haqqul-mubeen 100 times every day.