With relation to Muslim women rights to work:
It is permissible for a woman to go out of her house for work, but that is subject to certain conditions. If they are met, it is permissible for her to go out. They are:
- That she needs to work in order to acquire the money she needs.
- The work should be suited to the nature of woman, such as medicine, nursing, teaching, sewing, and so on. (personally I (Scimi) believe they make great engineers too, if Maryam al Astrolabiyah is to be cited as an example. In fact, I think these jobs such as sewing suit men as well - did the Prophet pbuh not repair his own garments?)
- The work should be in a place that is only for women, and there should be no mixing with non-mahram men.
- Whilst at work she should observe complete shar’i hijab.- Her work should not lead to her travelling without a mahram.
- Her going out to work should not involve committing any haraam action, such as being alone with the driver, or wearing perfume where non-mahrams can smell it.
- That should not lead to her neglecting things that are more essential for her, such as looking after her house, husband and children.
IslamQA - most likely the very same you tried to reference.
In the IslamQA site - I found this:
[FONT=wf_segoe-ui_light]Shaykh Muhammad ibn Saalih al-‘Uthaymeen said: The field in which a woman works should be only for women, such as if she works in teaching girls, whether in administration or technical support, or she works at home as a seamstress sewing clothes for women and so on. As for working in fields that are for men, this is not permissible for her because it requires her to mix with men, which is a great fitnah (source of temptation and trouble) and should be avoided. It should be noted that it is proven that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “I have not left behind me any fitnah that is more harmful to men than women; the fitnah of the Children of Israel had to do with women.” So the man should keep his family away from places of fitnah and its causes in all circumstances. End quote. [/FONT]Fataawa al-Mar’ah al-Muslimah (2/981)
What I find interesting is how he ignored the fact that in Medina, women were trading publicly in the market places and no one batted an eyelid.
Not to mention how women would also accompany men to the battles in order to be nurses - to ghair mahram.
Sometimes, the scholars lose sight of history and talk from a position of haughtiness. They are not infallible.
For the record, a Muslim woman serving a non mahram man at a cafe, his cappucino, is not "free mixing" - but rather, "serving a customer".
Scimi