the behavior of matter/energy powers a coexisting trinity of self-similar “trial and error” learning systems at the molecular, cellular and multicellular level. This biologically intelligent process includes both human physical development from a single cell zygote that occurred over our own lifetime, and some 4 billion years of genetic development into human form.
We are part of a molecular level learning process that keeps itself going through time by replicating previous contents of genetic memory along with best (better than random) guesses what may work better in the next replication, for our children. The resulting cladogram shows a progression of adapting designs evidenced by the fossil record where never once was there not a predecessor of similar design (which can at times lead to entirely new function) present in memory for the descendant design to have come from.
In the beginning: self-assembly of increasingly complex molecular (RNA) self-learning systems, caused the emergence of membrane enclosed self-learning cells, which caused the emergence of self-learning multicellular animals like us, humans. Along the way was a molecular/genetic level chromosome speciation event causing almost immediate reproductive isolation from earlier ancestors, a genetic bottleneck through one couple, who by scientific naming convention hereby qualify as Chromosome Adam and Eve.
In chromosome fusion speciation there is first a population of 47 chromosome ancestors, who from one of their parents still retained the normal unfused chromosome pair, for the cell to switch areas of on or off, when necessary to compensate for loss of gene function at the tangled fusion site of the other. Best of both worlds, to help make a chromosome fusion like ours a survivable change. There is next a generational population of 46's where one of the now reproductively isolated couples in it started the lineage that left the African forest tree paradise, all the rest of the lineages ultimately died off in. At the time there would have been a number of families giving birth to 46's who after maturing only needed to find each other. The fusion may have caused enough behavioral change for us to not want to live with the 48's anymore.
Behavior from a system or a device qualifies as intelligent by meeting all four circuit requirements that are required for trial-and-error learning, which are:
(1) A body to control, either real or virtual, with motor muscle(s) including molecular actuators, motor proteins, speakers (linear actuator), write to a screen (arm actuation), motorized wheels (rotary actuator). It is possible for biological intelligence to lose control of body muscles needed for movement yet still be aware of what is happening around itself but this is a condition that makes it impossible to survive on its own and will normally soon perish.
(2) Random Access Memory (RAM) addressed by its sensory sensors where each motor action and its associated confidence value are stored as separate data elements. Examples include RNA, DNA, metabolic networks, brain cell networks.
(3) Confidence, central hedonic system that increases the confidence level in motor actions every time they are successful, and decreases the confidence value of actions that cause an error in the system, fail. For computer modeling normal range is 0-3. Molecular level example includes variable "mutation" rates of genes as in somatic hypermutation in white cells in response to sensing failure in successfully grab onto and destroying a given pathogen. Epigenetics helps control DNA changes to offspring.
(4) Ability to guess, take a new memory action when its associated confidence level becomes zero, or no memory yet exists for what is being sensed, experienced. For flagella powered cells a guess is produced by the reversing of motor direction, causing a “tumble” towards a new heading. In genetics there are random mutations, chromosome fusions and fissions.
In biology a 3 or so layer Artificial Neural Network memory addressing is mostly component location dependent, easy to have millions of sensory inputs. Digital RAM memory space exponentially increases by sensory address bus size, but still works very well when sensory is used wisely, as in the benchmark ID Lab 6.1 that has a wave propagated 2D spatial network map of where visible and (learned by bashing into or zapped by causing confidence in almost everything to go zero) invisible things are, at a given time, to control when it needs to guess a new motor action, in response to what is being sensed at that moment. This gave it intuitive foresight to wait behind the shock zone until the food becomes safe to approach, and other behaviors that once seem impossible to simply code. Working so well at the cell network brain level helps make it plausible that the other levels inside the cells come to life this way too.
For machine intelligence the IBM Watson system that won at Jeopardy qualifies as intelligent. Hypotheses were guessed then tested for confidence in each hypothesis being true, when the confidence level in a hypothesis was great enough Watson worded an answer from it. Watson controlled a speaker (linear actuator powered vocal system) and arm actuated motor muscles guiding a drawing pen was produced through an electronic drawing device.
In biology the same methodology exists at the following three levels:
(1) Molecular Level Intelligence: Behavior of matter causes self-assembly of molecular systems that in time become molecular level intelligence, where biological RNA and DNA memory systems learn over time by replication of their accumulated genetic knowledge through a lineage of successive offspring. This intelligence level controls basic growth and division of our cells, is a primary source of our instinctual behaviors, and causes molecular level social differentiation (i.e. speciation).
(2) Cellular Level Intelligence: Molecular level intelligence is the intelligent cause of cellular level intelligence. This intelligence level controls moment to moment cellular responses such as locomotion/migration and cellular level social differentiation (i.e. neural plasticity). At our conception we were only at the cellular intelligence level. Two molecular level intelligence systems (egg and sperm) which are on their own unable to self-replicate combined into a viable single self-replicating cell, a zygote. The zygote then divided to become a colony of cells, an embryo. Later during fetal development we made it to the multicellular intelligence level which requires a self-learning neural brain to control motor muscle movements (also sweat gland motor muscles).
(3) Multicellular Level Intelligence: Cellular level intelligence is the intelligent cause of multicellular level intelligence. In this case a multicellular body is controlled by a brain made of cells, expressing all three intelligence levels at once, which results in our complex and powerful paternal (fatherly), maternal (motherly) and other behaviors. This intelligence level controls our moment to moment multicellular responses, locomotion/migration and multicellular level social differentiation (i.e. occupation). Successful designs remain in the biosphere’s interconnected collective (RNA/DNA) memory to help keep going the billions year old cycle of life, where in our case not all individuals need to reproduce for the human lineage to benefit from all in society.
The combined knowledge and behavior of these three reciprocally connected intelligence levels guide spawning salmon of both sexes on long perilous migrations to where they were born and may choose to stay to defend their nests "till death do they part" from not being able to survive for long in freshwater conditions. For seahorses the father instinctually uses his kangaroo-like pouch to protect the developing offspring. Motherly alligators and crocodiles gently carry their well guarded hatchlings to the water, and their fathers will learn to not eat the food she gathers for them. If the babies are scared then they will call and she will be quick to come to their aid and let them ride on her head and body, as they learn what they need to know to succeed in life. For social animals like us this instinctual and learned knowledge has through time guided us towards finding a partner so we're not alone through life and may possibly have offspring of their own. Marriage ceremonies honor this "right of passage" we sense as important, which expresses itself at the molecular, cellular then multicellular level and through billions of years of trial and error learning has survived and is now still alive, inside of us..
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