Here is some useful information which I wanted to share.
THE AHRUF
First there is the issue nof Ahruf (dialects/modes). The Qur'an was revealed in seven ahruf, as is proved in many mutawaatir ahadith. This was because different tribes pronounced and spelled words differently. The forms matched the dialects of following seven tribes:
1.Quraysh
2.Hudhayl
3.Thaqîf
4.Hawâzin
5.Kinânah
6.Tamîm
7.Yemen
The revelation of the Qur'an in seven different ahruf made its recitation and memorization much easier for the various tribes. At the same time the Qur'an challenged them to produce a surah like it in their own dialect so that they would not complain about the incomprehensibility.
Regarding whether or not these ahruf have been preserved, there are three opinions, the strongest being that of Ibn Taymiyyah, Ash-Shatibee, Ar-Raazi, Ibn Katheer and Ibn Al-Jazaree and many others. They say that when Uthman rd was compiling the Qur'an, he had Zaid ibn Thabit record it without the vowelation and consonants to accomodate the different Ahruf. At some points where the ahruf differed greatly, they recorded it according to the Quraysh dialect. There are 4 benefits which show the Wisdom of Allah revealing the Qur'an in seven ahruf:
1. To facilitate the memorization of the Qur'an. The arabs did not all speak arabic in the same way. The ahruf eased the memorization and was significant in the preservation of the Qur'an.
2. To prove the miraculous nature of the Qur'an. For despite all the differences, the meaning of the Ahruf did not contradict one another, but rather were complimentary.
3. To prove the truthfulness of the Prophet Muhammad saws, for despite the fact that he was illiterate, the revelation of the Qur'an occured in different tribal dialects and different words, all of which consisted of the most fluent and eloquent speech of his time.
4. To honour the ummah of the Prophet Muhammad saws and show its superiority over all other nations.
THE QIRA'AT
Qira'at refers to the various manners of reciting the Qur'an. Each qiraa'a has its OWN rules of tajweed. In Murattal, it is not necessary to emphasize every vowel in clarity as it is in Mujawwad. Each qira'at is named after the Qari who was famous in reciting in that manner.
There are many different Qira'at, but Ibn Mujahid wrote a book on the seven most prominent. He did this on purpose to match the seven ahruf, but some people don't know that there are more than 7 qira'at. In fact, there are ten authentic Qira'at. For a qira'at to be authentic there are very detailed rules which we could discuss later if any wishes.
Here are the ten Qira'at with their famous Qaris:
1. Naafi' Al-Madanee. (Madinah)
Imam Malik recited in this manner. Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal often recited in this manner.
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Qaloon and Warsh.
2. Ibn Katheer al-Makee. (Makkah)
Imam Shafi recited in this manner.
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Al-Buzzee and Qumbul.
3.Abu Amr al-Basri (Basra)
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Ad-Doori and As-Soosee.
4. Ibn Aamir ash-Shami (Syria)
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Hishaam and Ibn Thakwan.
5. Asim al-Kufi (Koofah)
Imaam Abu Hanifa recited in this manner. Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal often recited in this manner.
The 2 Qaris who prserved this recitation are Shuba and Hafs
6. Hamzah Al-Kufi (Koofah)
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Khalaf (who also has his own Qira'at #10) and Khallaad.
7. Al-Kisaa'ee
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Al-Layth and ad-Doori (same one as before).
8. Abu Ja'far Al-Madanee (Madinah)
The two Qaris who preserved this recitation are Isa and Sulayman.
9. Yaqub ibn Al-Basri (Basra)
Imam Bukhari recited in this manner.
The 2 Qaris who preserved this recitation are Ruways and Rooh.
10. Khalaf (same one who preserved Hamzah's recitation, but this is his own method of reciation)
The 2 Qaris who preserved this reciation are Ishaq and Idris.
Today 95% of the world recites Hafs an Asim, 3% Warsh an Naafi, .7% Qaloon an-Naafi, .3% Ad-Doori an Abu Amr and 1% Ibn 'Aamir.
Please let me know if anyone found this informative.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: "Surely I was sent to perfect the qualities of righteous character" [Musnad Ahmad, Muwatta Mâlik]
There are 4 benefits which show the Wisdom of Allah revealing the Qur'an in seven ahruf:
1. To facilitate the memorization of the Qur'an. The arabs did not all speak arabic in the same way. The ahruf eased the memorization and was significant in the preservation of the Qur'an.
2. To prove the miraculous nature of the Qur'an. For despite all the differences, the meaning of the Ahruf did not contradict one another, but rather were complimentary.
3. To prove the truthfulness of the Prophet Muhammad saws, for despite the fact that he was illiterate, the revelation of the Qur'an occured in different tribal dialects and different words, all of which consisted of the most fluent and eloquent speech of his time.
4. To honour the ummah of the Prophet Muhammad saws and show its superiority over all other nations.
Jk khair for this bro, i always wondered on the wisdom behind this, subhanallah never thought of it as a miracle such that it was fluent in all dialects, so Muhammed PBUH definitely could not have written it then
Make Dua for your Brothers and the Angels will make Dua for You!
Happy moments, Praise Allah
Difficult moments, Seek Allah
Quiet moments, Worship Allah
Painful moments, Trust Allah
Every moment, Thank Allah
If Allah brings you to it, He will bring you through it
barakallahu feek habeebi kareem Ansaar
that was excellent.
Yes Abu Amr Qaadhi's work is the best.
Dont forget Bilaal phillips did something, not as detailed as his, but ialso explains the ahruf wal qiraat.
as for what everybody resites, everyone here, usually recites in hafs form.
however everyone here must know that without proper ijazaat form an official established reciter, the style that you even imitate is not that style until you get the ijaazah for it. That is because everyone who just reads the mushaaf and goes off of that alone is not reciting 100 percent properly doto the importance of tajweed either by not giving enough stress to each vowelizations of each letter etc.
Even the one that Saudi prints with the different colers to tell the reciter the length of each letter being pronounced is under hafs form.
I dont think there is another quraan like this in the other forms, which means to recite it, you must se a shaykh of that form
I know an Imam here who knows both Hafs form and warsh form with its ijazaah. His warsh is, well the best way to describe it is "subhanallah"
To prove the truthfulness of the Prophet Muhammad saws, for despite the fact that he was illiterate, the revelation of the Qur'an occured in different tribal dialects and different words, all of which consisted of the most fluent and eloquent speech of his time.
wow indeed Alhamdhulillah!
Please let me know if anyone found this informative.
Yes sir.
si senoir!
erm adios Peace!
"Whoever lives amongst you will see much differing, so adhere to my Sunnah" Muhammad (صلّى الله عليه و سلم)
mashaAllah i'd love to hear recitation in all these different forms. anyone have links? ive heard warsh and hafs, but does anyone have any audios/videos of the other recitations?
mashaAllah i'd love to hear recitation in all these different forms. anyone have links? ive heard warsh and hafs, but does anyone have any audios/videos of the other recitations?
Masha'allah!! Jazakallah Alf Khair for that Brother, All of them were really beautiful but yes, the Khalaf recitation is really really nice, different, love it.
Also loved the one where he ran all of the verses together, I think it was the seventh? wonder which style is that...
JazakAllah khayr for the beneficial post. It was posted long time ago but this is the first time I've come across it. Here are some full Quran sets in Different Qi'raat.
Warsh An Naafi by Qari Abdul-Basit Abdus-Samad(Rahima Hullah)
Assalamu Alykum wa rahmatullahi wa baraktuhu,
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Please let me know if anyone found this informative.
Wa Alykom Asalam
Very informative, jazakAllah khair for sharing.
Can someone fix this typo please?
They say that when Uthman rd was compiling the Qur'an, he had Zaib ibn Thabit record it without the vowelation and consonants to accomodate the different Ahruf.
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