- Tuhfatul Atfaal Explained -

Wa 'alaykum salaam wa ra7matullaahi wa barakaatuh,

MashaAllaah, a brilliant thread...JzakAllaah khayr ukhtee.

Looking forward the the following parts...

May Allaah raise his rankings to those of the anbiyaa!

Ameen!

Saifur-Rahmaan-wa iyyak.


Faizah-Aameen! This commentary isn't from any texts, this is what I have been taught by my teacher and some of the examples will be used from other tajweed texts such as Kifaayatul Mustafeed Inshaa'Allaah. The sharh by Abdulqaadir Shaykh Az-zawr is good for this too.

- The rules of Noon saakinah and Tanween -

Idh-haar

لِلـنُّـونِ إِنْ تَسْـكُـنْ وَلِلتَّنْـوِيـنِ ** أَرْبَـعُ أَحْـكَـامٍ فَـخُـذْ تَبْيِيـنِـي

And the (letter) noon in its unvowelled state and the tanween (are governed) by four rules. So take from my clarification:

Noon saakinah: It is the noon with the absence of marking and sukoon is placed ontop of it or nothing is written on the noon to indicate the presence of sukoon such as مِنْ


Tanween: This is the sound of the noon without it being present, and it is indicated by tanween, they are three: fathatayn (double fatha) dhamatayn (double dhama) kasrayatn (double kasra).


The author mentions that noon saakinah and tanween have four rules. And he discusses the rules in more depth in the nadm (text). Though the author states that there are four rules, there are actually five rules because one of the rule divides into two, we'll get to that Inshaa'Allaah.

فَـالأَوَّلُ الإظْهَـارُ قَبْـلَ أَحْـرُفِ ** لِلْحَلْـقِ سِـتٌّ رُتِّبَـتْ فَلْتَـعْـرِفِ

The first (rule) is Idh-haar (Meaning to make something clear), before the letters of the throat which are 6, arranged in order. So know them.

Idh-har is from the word dhahara (ظهر) meaning your back because you can't miss it, its obvious and clearly seen. Likewise the word dhuhr ya3ni salaatul dhuhr is from the word dhahar and it is called that because its the time of day that is clear. However, idh-har as a terminology in tajweed is to clearly and independantly pronounce the noon saakinah and tanween and not to be mixed with other letters.


This rule only occurs when the letter of idh-har appear after noon saakinah and tanween then you read them (the noon saakinah and tanween) clearly, indicating their presence without any extra nasal pull.


The author says 'rutibat' meaning he will give the letter of idh-har in the order of pronounciation from the lower throat, going upwards.

هَمْـزٌ فَهَـاءٌ ثُـمَّ عَـيْـنٌ حَــاءُ ** مُهْمَلَـتَـانِ ثُــمَّ غَـيْـنٌ خَــاءُ

(And the 6 letters are) hamza, haa, then ayn, 7aa, the two lacking in diacritical markings (meaning the ayn and 7aa), then ghayn, kha.

And here are the 6 letters of idh-har, clearly presented by the author. The author states 'muhmalataani' meaning the two that do not have any dots, the 'ayn and 7aa come out the throat before the two with the dots. So one should not get them confused!

the 6 letters of idh-har are [in order]:

ء

ه

ع

ح

غ

خ


Example:

وَأَمَّا مَنْ خَافَ

فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ

*bookmarked*
barakallahu feeki

Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem,

As-Salaamu 'Alaykum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh,

If it would be possible could you provide the linguistic and technical meaning of words like idhaar, I know it says to make something clear, but would it be possible for something abit more detailed, with an example of how it occurs in language.

It may help some of us memorize things easier when we have something to
relate it to.

And yes, please do use the tashkeel if you can.

Br.al-Habeshi

Ma Shaa' Allah
jazake Allahu khyran sis
great thread
waiting for the rest

format_quote Originally Posted by Al Habeshi

Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem,

As-Salaamu 'Alaykum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh,

If it would be possible could you provide the linguistic and technical meaning of words like idhaar, I know it says to make something clear, but would it be possible for something abit more detailed, with an example of how it occurs in language.

It may help some of us memorize things easier when we have something to
relate it to.

And yes, please do use the tashkeel if you can.

Br.al-Habeshi

Inshaa'Allaah I'll add more explanations, I just didn't want it to be too long. What do you mean about 'example of how it occurs in the language?'


And do people want to practise the rules, ya3ni post an ayah and you highlight where idh-har occurs?


Tashkeel and more notes have been added, is that what you mean? anything else missing you'd like clarification on?


Wa iyyakum

format_quote Originally Posted by Silver Pearl

Inshaa'Allaah I'll add more explanations, I just didn't want it to be too long. What do you mean about 'example of how it occurs in the language?'


And do people want to practise the rules, ya3ni post an ayah and you highlight where idh-har occurs?


Tashkeel and more notes have been added, is that what you mean? anything else missing you'd like clarification on?


Wa iyyakum

Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem,

May Allah have mercy upon you and increase you in knowledge.

For now the explanation has been fine, no need to add on my account. All I meant was a small addition of the thing, like for example:

Sahih Li Ghayrihi - Ghayrihi used in a sense could be like, Ghayril Maghdobi Alayhim (surah al fatiha)

When I was learning this, it took me so long to try get Ghayrihi an Dhatihi to stick in my head because I did not know their meaning properly, I would mix them up sometimes by accident, but when someone explained "ghayrihi for example..." and "dhatihi for example..." it helped alot.

Hope that has cleared what I meant?

Also, do you use the Green Qur'an? If so could you for example highlight how this is represented in there? Like I recently noticed that the tanween is sometimes straight above one another ( I think if it is clear) and one slanted on the other if there is another sort of rule?

Here is a link to an online flash version of the Qur'an. http://www.quranflash.com/en/quranflash.html

If you look at surah Adiyat 100, then you see the first four verses, the tanween at the end is slanted, but then the tanween at the fith verse: Fa WasaTna Bihi Jam'aa, the tanween there is straight. I'm guessing this is due to the following letter being the hamza?

Br.al-Habeshi

format_quote Originally Posted by Al Habeshi

Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem,

May Allah have mercy upon you and increase you in knowledge.

For now the explanation has been fine, no need to add on my account. All I meant was a small addition of the thing, like for example:

Sahih Li Ghayrihi - Ghayrihi used in a sense could be like, Ghayril Maghdobi Alayhim (surah al fatiha)

When I was learning this, it took me so long to try get Ghayrihi an Dhatihi to stick in my head because I did not know their meaning properly, I would mix them up sometimes by accident, but when someone explained "ghayrihi for example..." and "dhatihi for example..." it helped alot.

Hope that has cleared what I meant?

Also, do you use the Green Qur'an? If so could you for example highlight how this is represented in there? Like I recently noticed that the tanween is sometimes straight above one another ( I think if it is clear) and one slanted on the other if there is another sort of rule?

Here is a link to an online flash version of the Qur'an. http://www.quranflash.com/en/quranflash.html

If you look at surah Adiyat 100, then you see the first four verses, the tanween at the end is slanted, but then the tanween at the fith verse: Fa WasaTna Bihi Jam'aa, the tanween there is straight. I'm guessing this is due to the following letter being the hamza?

Br.al-Habeshi

Aameen and anta aydan.

This is good revision for me anyways so I do not mind inserting any information that can help others.

The problem is with the words like idh-haar, iqlaab etc, they are terminologies used for the science of tajweed and you will rarely see them outside this context. However, you can see other words that share the same root as idh-haar i.e dhahr, dhuhr, dhaahir etc. Does that make sense? I'll Inshaa'Allaah have this in mind and see if I can get more examples for you.

Yes I use the green Qur'aan. As for how the noon saakinah and tanween appears when it is idh-haar, then the noon saakinah has the 'head of kha' ontop of it. The tanween appears normal.

For the slanted tanween, I believe it has to do with the rules of waqf, I'll find out bi'idnillaah.

Jazaakallaah khayr for the questions!

format_quote Originally Posted by Al Habeshi

If you look at surah Adiyat 100, then you see the first four verses, the tanween at the end is slanted, but then the tanween at the fith verse: Fa WasaTna Bihi Jam'aa, the tanween there is straight. I'm guessing this is due to the following letter being the hamza?

Br.al-Habeshi

That's right
if the Tanween al-fati7 followed by one of the idh-haar letters then the Tanween is straight
it's also a way for showing us that if you want to make wasel(connection) between the two verses/words you should do Idh-hhar

format_quote Originally Posted by Silver Pearl

Aameen and anta aydan.

This is good revision for me anyways so I do not mind inserting any information that can help others.

The problem is with the words like idh-haar, iqlaab etc, they are terminologies used for the science of tajweed and you will rarely see them outside this context. However, you can see other words that share the same root as idh-haar i.e dhahr, dhuhr, dhaahir etc. Does that make sense? I'll Inshaa'Allaah have this in mind and see if I can get more examples for you.

Yes I use the green Qur'aan. As for how the noon saakinah and tanween appears when it is idh-haar, then the noon saakinah has the 'head of kha' ontop of it. The tanween appears normal.

For the slanted tanween, I believe it has to do with the rules of waqf, I'll find out bi'idnillaah.

Jazaakallaah khayr for the questions!

Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem,

Boy! The Shaykh may Allah have mercy on him, sure named it right! For this does make you feel like a child lol. It feels great!

The example you provided was fine, Dhahir now I can understand, dhahir is like aparent right? So the connection here is idhhar are letters which are said openly, like fully without any hiding? And for example the other rule of Ikhfa or something is that like hidden, like:

إِذْ نَادَى رَبَّه ُُ نِدَاءً خَفِيّا

When he called out his Lord (Allāh) a call in secret,

يَوْمَئِذ ٍ تُعْرَضُونَ لاَ تَخْفَى مِنْكُمْ خَافِيَة

That Day shall you be brought to Judgement, not a secret of you will be hidden.

And so the letters are slightly hidden, in contrast to the aparent of these letters?

I know this hasnt come yet, but I just wanted to show you what I meant, and I dont know much with Dahir or Idhar in it, so I had to do the other thing.

So if you could do that type of thing that would be helpful for me, else it will be harder to retain the meaning. If you can link it to Qur'an or Ahadith that would be helpful.

Sister Yasmin what is al-Fatih?

Br.al-Habeshi

Sister Yasmin what is al-Fatih?

This is fati7 َ
it's a kind of harakat(sounds lika Aa)
and two of fat7a called Tanween AL-fati7

format_quote Originally Posted by *Yasmin*

This is fati7 َ
it's a kind of harakat(sounds lika Aa)
and two of fat7a called Tanween AL-fati7

Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem,

You mean like a normal tanween from the Fatha? Or is it something more than this?


Br.al-Habeshi

format_quote Originally Posted by Al Habeshi

Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem,

You mean like a normal tanween from the Fatha? Or is it something more than this?


Br.al-Habeshi

notice the thing above the letter dal د in this word نَادَى , this little thing is called fat7a (sounds like Aa - nada)
but when you see two of fat7a (fat7atyn) one up the other .. we called this thing Tanween Al-fat7 (it sounds now like : taan)
see this word جمعًا we pronounce it jam'aan

there is 2 other types of Tanween
Tanween Al-dam
Tanween Al-Kasir

Tanween Al-dam simply two of dama (which is sounds like: tun) لعبٌ la'abun
Tanween Al-kasir simply two of kasrah (which is sounds like : teen) ٍ يَوْمَئِذ yawmaa'deen

hope u understand me
if there is something not clear in ma post pls tell me

format_quote Originally Posted by *Yasmin*

notice the thing above the letter dal د in this word نَادَى , this little thing is called fat7a (sounds like Aa - nada)
but when you see two of fat7a (fat7atyn) one up the other .. we called this thing Tanween Al-fat7 (it sounds now like : taan)
see this word جمعًا we pronounce it jam'aan

there is 2 other types of Tanween
Tanween Al-dam
Tanween Al-Kasir

Tanween Al-dam simply two of dama (which is sounds like: tun) لعبٌ la'abun
Tanween Al-kasir simply two of kasrah (which is sounds like : teen) ٍ يَوْمَئِذ yawmaa'deen

hope u understand me
if there is something not clear in ma post pls tell me

Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem,

I understand that, I just never heard Fatih before that's all. I thought it was something else.

Br.al-Habeshi

Boy! The Shaykh may Allah have mercy on him, sure named it right! For this does make you feel like a child lol. It feels great!

Aameen.

The example you provided was fine, Dhahir now I can understand, dhahir is like aparent right? So the connection here is idhhar are letters which are said openly, like fully without any hiding? And for example the other rule of Ikhfa or something is that like hidden, like:

You're right, dhahir means apparent, clear. However, it is not the letters of idh-haar you make clear. La, we are talking about Ahkaam noon saakinah wa tanween. So you make the noon saakinah and tanween clear.

For example:

وَأَمَّا مَنْ خَافَ

Wa ammaa man khaafa

فَلَهُمْ أَجْرٌ غَيْرُ مَمْنُونٍ

Falahum ajrun qhayru mamnoon.

You do not say falahum ajru qhayr..., or make takreer of the ra (we'll get to that Inshaa'Allaah).

You've understood. You just need to remember that these rules that we are discussing, the idh-haar, ikhfaa, idghaam etc are all to do with noon saakinah and tanween so you either make the noon saakinah/tanween clear, conceal, change etc depending on what letters proceed the noon saakinah/tanween.

On the subject of Tanween

I think these notes will help.

There are four types of tanween:

Tamkeen (تمكين), it is established tanween and see them after names such as zaydun, muhammadun. It is also known as tanween sarf, as they appear at the end of names, places etc that can change such as:

muhammadun jameelun

Muhammad in the above senence is the mubtada (subject) and it is marfoo.

But if you place that same sentence and add harfu tawkeed it becomes:

Inna muhammadan jameelun

So Muhammad is now mansoob.

This is more to do with the arabic language but it explaines tanween tamkeen well.

Tankeer (تنكير), as a linguistic word it is something you do not recognise, and from this word you get words like munkar and nakeer (the two angels).
this type of tanween appears in words that are non-arabic origin, such as you may see as 'wa sibaweyh aakhir' (and another sibaweyh that we do not know of). This type of tanween is not relevant as it is not in the Qur'aan.

Muqaabalah (مقابله),

muslimeena wal-muslimaatun

The tanween (dhammatayn) of the female muslim is in place of the noon on the male have on the muslimeen. As to why this is the case, then this is just how it is found.

'Iwad (عوض), means its in place of something else.

e.g the word قاضى can be seen written like قاضٍ and so the kasratayn is in place of the ya.

another form is when it comes as in a form of thought such as: kullun yamoot but the dhamatayn on the kull carries the word insaan so really what the sentence is: kullu insaan yamoot (every person dies) or all of us die (kulunaa yamoot).

Sometimes the tanween also comes in place of a whole sentence.

Allaah says (subhana wa ta'ala):


فَلَوْلَا إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْحُلْقُومَ

Then why do you not (intervene) when (the soul of a dying person) reaches the throat?

and in another ayah he says (subhana wa ta'ala):

وَأَنتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ تَنظُرُونَ

and you at that moment are looking.

If you look at the second ayaah, i've highlighted the word idan which in actual fact is in place of إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْحُلْقُومَ. What do this mean? That the second ayaah is saying that 'you at that moment, [when (the soul of a dying person) reaches the throat] you're looking'! Subhanallaah.

Wallaahu'3llam.

I apologise for the late reply.

Important note: Few posts back Al-Habeshi asked about the 'slanted tanween' so I'll elaborate on here bi'idnillaah.

For revision I'll ask questions about Idh-haar to ensure that everyone has understood previous lessons.

Bismillaahi rahmaani raheem

- Revision -

Questions about Idh-haar

1) What does idh-haar mean?

2) What are the letters of idh-haar

3) Pick out the rule of idh-haar in Suraah At-Takathur and state how you know it is the rule of idh-haar

4) Pick out the rule of idh-haar in Suraah Al-fajr and state how you know it is the rule of idh-haar

- New Lesson -

Slanted Tanween

When this tanween occurs (the slanted tanween) and is followed by tashdeed (a letter that has shadd) then you make full idghaam. However, if the slanted tanween is followed by a letter that is not tashdeed then you make incomplete idghaam or ikhfaa.

- Idghaam -

Idghaam means 'dakhala shay'un fee shay' to enter something into something else. However, as a terminology it means to enter/merge the noon saakinah or tanween into the following letters (namingly the letters of idghaam which will be looked at shortly bi'idnillaah). Sometimes you partially hear the noon saakinah or tanween and sometimes you don't hear the noon saakinah or tanween.

والثَّـانِ إِدْغَــامٌ بِسِـتَّـةٍ أَتَــتْ ** فِي يَرْمَلُـونَ عِنْدَهُـمْ قَـدْ ثَبَتَـتْ

And the second (rule) is Idghaam (to merge one thing to another), by the collection of 6 (letters) which occur in yarmaloona (ya-raa-meem-laam-waaw-noon). It is firm and well established (the experts in this field).

The letters of idghaam are affirmed by the qurra' and they appear in this word. The pneumonic word appears as 'yarmaloona' in many texts with the fatha ontop of the meem. However, some argue that it should be yarmuloona with dhammah on the meem. The reason for this is that this word 'yarmaloona aw yarmuloona' stems from the Arabic word yarmulu which means to hasten. In any case, the diacritical markings does not change the letters so it does not matter as to how you read this word.

So the letters of idhghaam are:

ي

ر

م

ل

و

ن

لَكِنَّهَـا قِسْمَـانِ قِـسْـمٌ يُدْغَـمَـا ** فِـيـهِ بِغُـنَّـةٍ بِيَنْـمُـو عُلِـمَـا

However, (Idghaam) is of two types: one type is with the occurance of ghunnah and it is known by the letters yanmuw (ya-noon-meem-waaw).

At the beginning Imaam Jamzoori (Allaah yarhamak) said that noon saakinah and tanween has 4 rules. However, it is actually 5 because idghaam divides into two. The imam said 4 because those are the main and the subdivision of idghaam is not a different rule.

So the first type of idghaam is with the presence of ghunnah. And what is gunnah? It is to hold air in one's nose. And the letters of idghaam with ghunnah are 4 which the Imaam has clarified.

إِلاَّ إِذَا كَــانَ بِكِلْـمَـةٍ فَـــلاَ ** تُدْغَـمْ كَدُنْيَـا ثُـمَّ صِنْـوَانٍ تَـلاَ

Except when the two (mudgham and mudgham fih) occurs in one word, then do not make idhgaam like (in words) دنيا and صنـوانٍ (and examples that) follow suit.

Mudgham- The letter with which idghaam is being made

Mudghan fih- The letter into which idghaam is being made

The author says that the only time you do not make idghaam is when the noon saakinah and the letters of idghaam are present in one word. In order for idghaam to occur, they need to be in two words and not one. In addition this will only happen with noon saakinah simply because tanween does not occur in the middle of a word so it is not relevant. Although the author does not state, when a word like دنيا and صنـوانٍ appears then you make idh-haar instead.

As for what is meant by '(and examples that) follow suit' then the author is indicating that there are other examples of words like dunyaa and sinwaan that appear in the Qur'aan such as bunyaan.

Example

َفَلَن نَّزِيدَكٌم

فَمَن يَعمَل

بَردًا وَلاَ

وَالثَّـانِ إِدْغَـامٌ بِغَـيْـرِ غُـنَّـهْ ** فِـي الـلاَّمِ وَالـرَّا ثُـمَّ كَرِّرَنَّـهْ

And the second type is idghaam without ghunnah in the (letters) laam and raa, then observe takreer of the latter (meaning the raa).

Takreer in its literal sense means repetition. As a terminology it means the trilling of tongue while prouncing the 'ra' so it causes for the letter to be pronounced more than once.

Though the author states that takreer should be made, it does not mean that the takreer should be clear and apparent, rather it should be hidden.

Example

كَلَّا لَئِن لَّمْ يَنتَهِ

فَهُوَ فِي عِيشَةٍ رَّاضِيَةٍ

عَلَى هُدًى مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ

Anything bad is from the shaytaan and myself and I hope that Allaah forgives me for my shortcoming and makes me firm upon this deen. And I hope Allaah rewards me for my efforts.

Wabillaahi tawfeeq.

_______________

I hope to add more notes on this bi'idnillaah.