Arabic Grammer Lessons
- Thread starter islamlover_girl
- Start date
- Replies 43
- Views 22K
British Wholesales - Certified Wholesale Linen & Towels | Halal Food Gastronomy | vBulletin 4 php 8.0 patch
Caller الداعي
IB Veteran
- Messages
- 895
- Reaction score
- 230
- Gender
- Male
- Religion
- Islam
good work mashallah barakallah fee 3lumikum
islamlover_girl
Elite Member
- Messages
- 403
- Reaction score
- 83
Article
Main article: Al-
The article (أداة التعريف ʼadātu t-taʻrīf) الـ al- is indeclinable and expresses definite state of a noun of any gender and number. It is also prefixed to each of that noun's modifying adjectives. The initial vowel (hamzatu l-waṣl), is volatile in the sense that it disappears in sandhi, the article becoming mere l- (although the alif is retained in orthography in any case as it is based on pausal pronunciation).
Also, the l is assimilated to a number of consonants (dentals and sibilants), so that in these cases, the article in pronunciation is expressed only by geminating the initial consonant of the noun (while in orthography, the writing الـ alif lām is retained, and the gemination may be expressed by putting šadda on the following letter).
The consonants causing assimilation (trivially including ل (l)) are: ت (t), ث (ṯ), د (d), ذ (ḏ), ر (r), ز (z), س (s), ش (š), ص (ṣ), ض (ḍ), ط (ṭ), ظ (ẓ), ل (l), ن
. These 14 letters are called 'solar letters' (حروف الشمسيه ḥurūf aš-šamsiyya), while the remaining 14 are called 'lunar letters' or 'moon letters' (حروف القمرية ḥurūf al-qamariyya). The solar letters all have in common that they are dental, alveolar and postalveolar consonants (all coronals) in the classical language, and the lunar consonants are not. (ج ǧīm is pronounced postalveolar in most varieties of Arabic today, but was actually a palatalized voiced velar plosive in the classical language, and is thus considered a lunar letter; nevertheless, in colloquial Arabic, the ج ǧīm is often spoken as if solar.)
Main article: Al-
The article (أداة التعريف ʼadātu t-taʻrīf) الـ al- is indeclinable and expresses definite state of a noun of any gender and number. It is also prefixed to each of that noun's modifying adjectives. The initial vowel (hamzatu l-waṣl), is volatile in the sense that it disappears in sandhi, the article becoming mere l- (although the alif is retained in orthography in any case as it is based on pausal pronunciation).
Also, the l is assimilated to a number of consonants (dentals and sibilants), so that in these cases, the article in pronunciation is expressed only by geminating the initial consonant of the noun (while in orthography, the writing الـ alif lām is retained, and the gemination may be expressed by putting šadda on the following letter).
The consonants causing assimilation (trivially including ل (l)) are: ت (t), ث (ṯ), د (d), ذ (ḏ), ر (r), ز (z), س (s), ش (š), ص (ṣ), ض (ḍ), ط (ṭ), ظ (ẓ), ل (l), ن
. These 14 letters are called 'solar letters' (حروف الشمسيه ḥurūf aš-šamsiyya), while the remaining 14 are called 'lunar letters' or 'moon letters' (حروف القمرية ḥurūf al-qamariyya). The solar letters all have in common that they are dental, alveolar and postalveolar consonants (all coronals) in the classical language, and the lunar consonants are not. (ج ǧīm is pronounced postalveolar in most varieties of Arabic today, but was actually a palatalized voiced velar plosive in the classical language, and is thus considered a lunar letter; nevertheless, in colloquial Arabic, the ج ǧīm is often spoken as if solar.)islamlover_girl
Elite Member
- Messages
- 403
- Reaction score
- 83
n addition to the masculine / feminine distinction we've already seen, Arabic has singular, dual and plural forms of pronouns, nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. The singular form is used when referring to one person or thing, the dual subject pronoun to refer to two people or two things, and the plural form when referring to more than two people or things.
ان is added at the end of noun to indicate that it is dual- representing two people or objects.
(two) students
طالبـتان طالبـان
(two) professors / teachers
أستاذتان أستاذان
(two) teachers
معلمتان معلمـان
(two) experts
خبيرتان خبيران
(two) friends
صديقتان صديقان
(two) colleagues
زميلتان زميلـان
(two) men
- رجلـان
(two) women
امرأتان -
practice
ان is also added to the end of adjectives that modify a dual noun.
beautiful / handsome
جميلتـان
جميلـان
young
شابتـان
شابـان
poor
فقيرتـان
فقيران
(two) beautiful women
امرأتان جميلتـان.
(two) poor female students
طالبـتان فقيرتان.
(two) handsome men
رجلان جميلان
ان is added at the end of noun to indicate that it is dual- representing two people or objects.
(two) students
طالبـتان طالبـان
(two) professors / teachers
أستاذتان أستاذان
(two) teachers
معلمتان معلمـان
(two) experts
خبيرتان خبيران
(two) friends
صديقتان صديقان
(two) colleagues
زميلتان زميلـان
(two) men
- رجلـان
(two) women
امرأتان -
practice
ان is also added to the end of adjectives that modify a dual noun.
beautiful / handsome
جميلتـان
جميلـان
young
شابتـان
شابـان
poor
فقيرتـان
فقيران
(two) beautiful women
امرأتان جميلتـان.
(two) poor female students
طالبـتان فقيرتان.
(two) handsome men
رجلان جميلان