Yes, the Messenger of God may peace and blessings of Allah be upon him did, after they betrayed the Muslims and broke the terms of treaty and later submitted to the judgement of Sa'd ibn Mu'ad the leader of a huge Medinan tribe who was once their ally.
both the Prophet pbuh and Banu Quraizah submitted to his judgement and he judged them according to God's law, although such a judgement is not specified in the Quran, it was reasonable since they would have had thousands of Muslims slaughtered without right had the betrayal been successful. The rulings of Torah would have been much more severe had the rulings of the Quran not been more tempered and recent.
It was the cousin of the Prophet Ali ibn abi Taalib and i think zubair( ?) who carried out the execution of the sentence, they were careful to avoid killing children as it was a habit of jews of doing, including cattle and women of course.
I so hope house of saud and other leaders think carefully before considering betrayal of God and His Messenger.