Shawahid ahadith = multiple witnesses and Gharib ahadith = basically a single witness. These are simple ahadith classification terms that you stated in arabic in order to make them seem complicated.
Shawahid literally means multiple witnesses but in Hadith terminology it is used to refer to the multiple chains of narration for a Hadith. Whereas a
Ghareeb Hadith has a single chain of narration.
These are simple terms commonly used and anyone who has studied the Science of Hadith would know it. If my use of these terms seems complicated to you, then it further casts doubt on your claim of knowing the Science of Hadith.
Your argument is incorrect because you still don't understand what projecting back is.
Projecting back does not mean that you fabricate a hadith. If you fabricate a hadith then, like you said, no other scholar will even know about that hadith so how could they have a chain to corroborate your chain if they don't even know about the hadith. That's impossible like you pointed out.
But that is not what projecting back is. That is the straw man that you created in order to dismiss the idea.
What projecting back really means is to take a hadith that already exist, and is already in circulation and one that already has a partial chain. But you don't have the complete chain for it. At the time of the early scholars, the hadith was popular, but multiple scholars did not have the complete chain. So what did they do? They completed the chain with what they thought to be the complete chain, or maybe with what they heard a different prominent scholar thought was the complete chain. And just like that, the hadith has the same chain in different places.
I know exactly what projecting back is. False projecting back can only be applied on fabricated Hadith, not on authentic ones.
Let me explain how. If a Hadith is famous among different scholars living in different cities then it is not possible that this Hadith is a fabrication because we are speaking of 7th and 8th century here. There was no internet at that time and fabrications could not spread so easily without a fast means of communication.
Even if this famous Hadith had only partial chains with each scholar, then they would check where these partial chains combine. If they combine on a Sahabi, then they check the Tabi'ee(s) who took the Hadith to different cities. They study their biography to find out the years when they took the Hadith from the Sahabi and when they traveled to different cities. Similarly they study the biography of all the narrators in each chain and try to confirm their dates of traveling, names of their students, names of their teachers etc. It can be easily confirmed by finding out whether they have narrated few more Ahadeeth from the same Sahabi or not. Also by finding out which of their students have narrated Ahadeeth from him and their place of residence, travel dates etc.
So once they find that a particular famous Hadith has different chains in different cities, then each of these chains support each other in authenticating the Hadeeth.
But if that famous Hadith was a fabrication, then it is not possible for a fabrication to have multiple chains in multiple cities. Since it is a fabrication, all the chains would go through a single fabricator. By studying the lives of narrators, the fabricator can be easily identified and Hadeeth can be declared as fabricated.
Even if someone tried to project back the isnad, it would still go through the fabricator. It is not possible to bypass the fabricator because multiple people have heard this from him and transmitted to different cities.
This is possible for a shawhid hadith and for a gharib hidth. And for whatever other fancy arabic word type of hadith you bring.
As I said above, it is not possible to project back the chains for a Hadith that has Shawahid. Otherwise it would mean that all the shawahid chains have been projected back which is not possible. If one scholar falsely projects back the isnad then that doesn't mean that everyone would do the same. Are they all working in some sort of conspiracy to produce false chains? You are simply casting doubt on the character of the scholars without any proof.
By the way, a Hadeeth is not classified as Shawahid Hadeeth. Shawahid is a term used to indicate that a Hadith has multiple chains. A
Hadith has Shawahid means it has multiple chains, but a Hadith itself cannot be called as Shawahid Hadith.
Again, this shows your lack of understanding of the Science of Hadith.
The term used to classify a Hadith that has
Shawahid is
Azeez,
Mashhoor, or
Mutawatir, depending how many
Shawahid it has.
Why did the hadith collectors discard countless chains that were chronologically impossible? That is because their predecessor scholars created chains; I repeat scholars created chains that were chronologically impossible (they projected back) and collectors like Bukhari discarded these chains. These were "shawhid" chains, that were discarded because the predecessor scholars GOT IT WRONG.
The defect in the chains was because of the fabrication, not because of projecting back. Once someone fabricated a Hadith, he had to create a chain for it. He did that and got caught.
But how can Bukhari know that the hadith with chains that are chronologically right were not created from projecting back as well? There is absolutely no way to tell.
Studying the chronology is not the only way to weed out a fabrication. Go and study the Science of Hadith first.
And a powerhouse of knowledge like Imam Shafi'i stated that some "authentic" ahadith contradict each other. These are "shawhid" hadith where one of them is incorrect. But if the chains were not fabricated, and they all trace back to the prophet, then what happened? Did the prophet contradict himself? Astaghfirullah.
And you say that it is impossible? that the scholars made a mistake.
But Allah (swt) says,"if this was from other than Allah, they would find within it many contradictions".
I know Imam Shafi'i agreed with that.
As I said in my earlier posts, contradiction in Saheeh Ahadeeth has a number of reasons which includes possibility of more than one incidents, explanations, permissibility of a forbidden act in certain conditions etc. You have to study the background and the context to identify the source of contradiction. Scholars have written volumes explaining such Ahadeeth. Below are some of the compilations which you can go through if you want:
اختلاف الحديث للشافعي .
تأويل مختلف الحديث لابن قتيبة .
شرح مشكل الآثار للطحاوي .
مختلف الحديث بين الفقهاء والمحدثين لنافذ حسين .
منهج التوفيق والترجيح بين مختلف الحديث لعبد المجيد السوسوة .
مختلف الحديث وموقف النقاد والمحدثين منه لأسامة خياط .
أحاديث العقيدة التي يوهم ظاهرها التعارض في الصحيحين لسليمان الدبيخي .
Your above claim also indicates that you have not properly studied the book Ikhtilaaful Hadeeth of Imam Ash-Shaf'ii as well. If time permits, I can refute you using Imam Ash-Shaf'ii's book itself :ia:. But as they say, no amount of proof can convince the skeptic.
