Actually Jesus does get quoted as calling himself the Son of God at John 10:36.
This reads: "Why then do you accuse me of blasphemy because I said, ‘I am God’s Son’?" (NIV)
Asalaamu Alaikum(peace be with you),
John 8:37-40
37 I know you are Abraham's descendants. Yet you are looking for a way to kill me,
because you have no room for my word. 38 I am telling you what I have seen in the Father's presence, and you are doing what you have heard from your father. [
c]" 39 "Abraham is our father," they answered. If you were Abraham's children," said Jesus, "then you would [
d] do what Abraham did. 40 As it is, you are looking for a way to kill me,
a man who has told you the truth that I heard from God. Abraham did not do such things.
Jesus is accusing them of killing him simply because they do not like or want to accept his teachings. Jesus clearly stated to them that he is a MAN who was telling them the truth that he heard from GOD. NOT THAT HE IS GOD!!!!!!!!
The Jews were so desperate to convict Jesus of death. They tried everything...
Why doesn't Jesus(pbuh) say "son of God who has told you the truth that I heard from God"?
Mark 14:55-63
55 The chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin
were looking for evidence against Jesus so that they could put him to death,
but they did not find any. 56 Many testified falsely against him, but their statements did not agree. 57 Then some stood up and gave this false testimony against him: 58 "We heard him say, 'I will destroy this temple made with human hands and in three days will build another, not made with hands.' " 59
Yet even then their testimony did not agree. 60 Then the high priest stood up before them and asked Jesus, "Are you not going to answer? What is this testimony that these men are bringing against you?" 61 But Jesus remained silent and gave no answer. Again the high priest asked him, "Are you the Messiah, the Son of the Blessed One?" 62 "I am," said Jesus. "And you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven." 63 The high priest tore his clothes.
"Why do we need any more witnesses?" he asked. 64 "You have heard the blasphemy. What do you think?"
You can see that they were so desperate that they had to get false witnesses to testify against Jesus. But that didn't even work. Then when Jesus said that he is God's son they went crazy and accused him of blasphemy out of sheer desperation to have him killed. But I already quoted Jesus in John 10:31-39 in how he defends himself against this accusation and how he shows the misunderstanding that the Jews had of scripture.
You know it was normal in those days to call yourself "Son Of God"?
"To the Israelites and the Jews being called the son of God, and calling God your Father was something normal. This did not denote any divine attribute of the person, nor did it literally mean that God had a literal son, and that God was a literal Father. It was all metaphorical language, by son of God they were essentially referring to themselves as servants of God."
If Jesus(pbuh) said "begotten son of God" which is the literal meaning of a "Father and Son", then maybe you'd have an arguement. The Quran attacks the people who "called Jesus(pbuh) the BEGOTTEN son of God", not Jesus(pbuh) who merely as others would've said in that time, "Son Of God".
Also, you can't just ignore stuff like this -
"Say: He is God, the One and Only; God, the Eternal, Absolute; He begetteth not, nor is He begotten; And there is none like unto Him. (The Noble Quran, 112:1-4)"
"Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one. (From the NIV Bible, Deuteronomy 6:4)"
"The most important one," answered Jesus, "is this: 'Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one. (From the NIV Bible, Mark 12:29)"
If Jesus was GOD, then why Mark 15:34 says "And at the ninth hour Jesus cried out in a loud voice, "Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?"—which means, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?"
If Jesus was GOD, then did Paul say in
1 Corinthians 8:6 "yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom all things came and for whom we live; and there is but one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things came and through whom we live."
If Jesus was GOD, then why in
John 20:17 Jesus said
"Do not hold on to me, for I have not yet returned to the Father. Go instead to my brothers and tell them, 'I am returning to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.' "
If Jesus was GOD, then why in
John 8:28 Jesus said
"I do nothing of myself"? Can't GOD do anything he wills?
If Jesus was GOD, then why in
John 14:28 Jesus said
"My Father (GOD) is greater than I"?
If Jesus was GOD, then why in
Luke 23:46 Jesus said
"Father (GOD), into thy hands I commend my spirit"?
If Jesus was GOD, then why in
Mark 10:18 Jesus said
“And Jesus said to him, ‘Why do you call me good? No one is good but God alone.”?
Also in
Luke 18:19 Jesus said only GOD Almighty is Good:
""Why do you call me good?" Jesus answered. "No one is good—except God alone."
Sources
http://www.answering-christianity.com/questions.htm
http://muslim-responses.com/Isa_the_Messiah/Isa_the_Messiah_
http://www.answering-christianity.com/bassam_zawadi/jews_jesus_blasphemy.htm
To each their own in their belief, but for me it's clear.