i havnt read all the replies in this thread, so i hope im not repeating anything.
I don’t know if my type answer to your question will really appeal to you, but it’s as I see it.
Sometimes all it really boils down to is faith. I can’t prove to you that the Quran is the word of God because it involves having faith. I know that seems like the typical “scape-goat” for people like us, but if you contemplate it and what it involves, it makes perfect sense.
It pointless for me to say: The Quran is the word of god because xyz. There needs to be some sort of basis there to begin with and once you understand this “basis” then everything will probably fall into place. The basis that we need to start with is to understand that The Quran is tied with a set of other beliefs. In other words, you can’t have one without the other and It doesn’t make sense to try to believe and understand one aspect of these beliefs whilst being ignorant and thinking that other aspects of such beliefs are irrelevant...everything needs to be understood and considered in regards to whatever it is comes with.
What I’m trying to say is that, if you have faith/believe in Allah (the revealer of the Quran) then naturally it becomes easy for you to understand everything else that follows-in this case The Quran.
If you believe in Allah then you believe that the Quran is True...so without believing in Allah, it will be very hard to explain and prove to you that the Quran is the Word of Allah and that it has any truth in it.
Without that faith and “prerequisite” there is nothing there to build on, thus trying to convince someone that the Quran is the word of god, is quite difficult, possibly impossible as well. See how these things rely on faith?
I’m not saying that it’s impossible to believe in the Quran without believing in Allah, but what I’m trying to illustrate is that to believe and understand the concepts of Islam, especially one concerning the unseen, eg God and those which do not depend on scientific evidence to prove them, does largely depends on ‘faith.’
Of course we may come across scientist findings that actually conform to what it says in the Quran, however, this does not (at least it shouldn’t) be used as primary evidence that the Quran is the word of God for the simple fact that that ‘faith’ should already be present in us for us to accept that the Quran is the word of god, regardless of what science may find, even if it does conform to the Quran.
Something else that I think is important to mention is that since belief in the Quran is about having faith, it is important to try and understand it from the aspect that it is intended to be understood and not introduce irrelevant methods in attempt to explain, accept or debate about it.
Many people (especially non-Muslims looking for answers) try to tie scientific/physical evidences and rely heavily on this to prove that the Quran is/isn’t true. No-one said that scientific/physical evidences are necessary to understand where the Quran came from. Matters of faith don’t need scientist findings; they simply rely on the conviction of the heart.
I’m not saying these scientific findings should be disregarded, but they certainly shouldn’t affirm our faith either as these scientist findings are not something that Faith/Islam is founded upon or that faith requires.
Once it is understand how these things are meant to be approached, then they become more clear and understandable.
This is why I find so very often people who are searching for answering often fall into mistakes-because they are approaching it from a way that it isn’t meant to be approach and they are applying the wrong methods in searching for their answers.