i have a confusion.

[Bint-e-Adam]

i have a question that is so confusing me

i give you an example:

Free word order:

In this Table:
there are three forms that can be adopted.
But how can we understand that which is subject and which noun is object in it?
as we can also let that Laila love Qais.
plz explain me.
​

 

[marwen]

- The subject (فاعل) is always Marfu' (with dhamma) : the last letter is written with a ُ (dhamma) or ٌ (2 dhamma)
- The object (مفعول به) is always Mansoob (with fatha) : the last letter is written with a fatha (َ or 2 fatha (ً

- For nouns ending with (ى) like (ليلى) it's not possible to put haraka (dhamma or fatha) on the last letter (ى), so you can find out if it's a subject or an object by the context (other noun(s))

 

[Bint-e-Adam]

thnx so much. but how by context?

 

[marwen]

thnx so much. but how by context?

You know that a Verb-Based sentence in arabic has the following form (a simple phrase) :

- VERB + NOUN1 + NOUN2
Or
- VERB + NOUN2 + NOUN1
Or
- NOUN1 + VERB + NOUN2

You can look at the ending of each noun (NOUN1 and NOUN2) to see if it is marfu' (ending with dhamma) ==> Faa'il (subject); or if it's Mansub (ending with fatha) ==> Maf'ool bihi (object).

By context :

- If there is no dhamma or fatha (or double dhamma/fatha) on NOUN1, you can look at the ending of the other noun (NOUN2) (if NOUN2 is a subject, then we deduce that NOUN1 is an object, and vice-versa)

- You can also look at the form of the verb which is conjugated in a masculine form if the subject is masculine, and in femenine form if the subject is femenine : this is possible if NOUN1 and NOUN2 have different genres ==> the subject is the noun which has the genre of the verb).

PS : Try to read a few texts with tashkeel, and you will perfectly understand the difference between Faa'il and Maf'ul bihi.

Example : [Surat Faatir, Ayah 28] إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُ
=> يَخْشَى اللَّهَ الْعُلَمَاءُ
=> يَخْشَى = فعل
=> الْعُلَمَاءُ = فاعل
=> اللَّهَ= مفعول به

 

[Bint-e-Adam]

oh now i understand alright thnx so much
one more thing!
what is the difference in the use of "maa"(ما) and "laa"(لا ) both means "not"???

 

[marwen]

(لا ) = NO !

(ما) = NOT !
for example :
- Q : "هل أكلت ؟" (Did you eat ?)
- A : "ما أكلت" (I did not eat ?)

 

[Bint-e-Adam]

oh really, that was really easy...
thnx i will ask as many question as i can, wouldn't u get annoyed?

 

[Bint-e-Adam]

but what in this case??

ان الله لا یخلف المیعاد

why it contains "laa"
as it means that :
"Allah do not go against to His promise."

 

[marwen]

^ yes yes I'm sorry, لا sometimes can be used for NOT too, and most of the time for NO.
When it's used as (NOT) It means a general truth, or the negation of something just in the present.
It's used in general with a verb in the present tense (فعل مضارع)

But ما is only used for NOT. It's used before a verb in the past tense (فعل ماضي) in general.
(ما) is also used like (ماذا) at the beginning of question, in this case it means 'What'.
I could be forgetting other things hmm (that's why examples are good for learning arabic )

 

[Bint-e-Adam]

Now it's clear
thnx

 

[Bint-e-Adam]

Is it necessary to begin every sentence with "و "?

 

[Bint-e-Adam]

Writing an essay, if we add every paragraph a heading,i mean making points, will it raise my marks in exams?
is it considered more easy or readable by making headings or writing simple as it is like a story?

 

[Bint-e-Adam]

if we write the translation of any line as:
"Do i eat food?"
it will be gonna translated as :

"ھل انا أكل طعام؟"
as "أكل" is a verb denoting third person single.for "he".
why dont we write double alif as أأكل

2).second question:
is it neccessary to write "انا" for the translation of "i".
hope u will understand my question )​

 

[Muwaahid]

if we write the translation of any line as:
"Do i eat food?"
it will be gonna translated as :

"ھل انا أكل طعام؟"
as "أكل" is a verb denoting third person single.for "he".
why dont we write double alif as أأكل

​

If you want to say, "Do I eat food then you can say:


"هل آكل طعام؟



notice the Alif Maadah the elongated alif in آكل؟

​

if my memory serves me correctly this is how you indicate the faa'il the doer of the action but if you add the double alif as in:

أأكل then there is no need for هل to be present because the alif al-istifhaam [the alif used to question someone] is already there. I hope this is clear.


2).second question:

is it neccessary to write "انا" for the translation of "i".
hope u will understand my question )​

You can use any fi'l but just add the personal pronoun
ضمير
for example:

ذهبت الى المسجد
و سفرت الى اليمن
و مررت برجل صالح
وهكذا
I went to the masjid dhahabtu ilaa al-masjidi
I travelled to Yemen
I walked with a righteous man
and like that

 

[Muwaahid]

Is it necessary to begin every sentence with "و "?

No it is not necessary to begin every sentence with "و"
خذي مثلا:
ذهبت الى المسجد ثمّ بعد ذلك اكلت طاعم لذيذ
I went to the masjid then after that I ate some delicious food.

 

[marwen]

Writing an essay, if we add every paragraph a heading,i mean making points, will it raise my marks in exams?
is it considered more easy or readable by making headings or writing simple as it is like a story?

No, . Like any language, no need to put headings if you write a continued and coherent text.

why dont we write double alif as أأكل

The base form of the verb is (أكل), add to that the first person pronoun (أ) you will get (أأكل). But in arabic whenever you find tow consecutive (أ) letters they are converted to (آ) for easier pronounciation.
So it is آكل like brother Muwaahid said.
(آ) is prounounced like long "aa" (the second hamza is prounounced as Alif (in quran you can find آ written like this ءا (hamza+alif)which has the same role example ( آمن = ءامن) ) )

 

[Bint-e-Adam]

If you want to say, "Do I eat food then you can say:


"هل آكل طعام؟



notice the Alif Maadah the elongated alif in آكل؟

​

if my memory serves me correctly this is how you indicate the faa'il the doer of the action but if you add the double alif as in:

أأكل then there is no need for هل to be present because the alif al-istifhaam [the alif used to question someone] is already there. I hope this is clear.

Oh really really thanks dear brother,
I was confusing with the "alif" of first person pronoun.
now that's clear

 

[Bint-e-Adam]

No, . Like any language, no need to put headings if you write a continued and coherent text.


The base form of the verb is (أكل), add to that the first person pronoun (أ) you will get (أأكل). But in arabic whenever you find tow consecutive (أ) letters they are converted to (آ) for easier pronounciation.
So it is آكل like brother Muwaahid said.
(آ) is prounounced like long "aa" (the second hamza is prounounced as Alif (in quran you can find آ written like this ءا (hamza+alif)which has the same role example ( آمن = ءامن) ) )

but some of my essays are in coherent text while some are in form of headings.
it seems easy to me to learn any essay in form of headings as i don't forget it easily.
and thnx dear. i was also confused with the "alif mad" in Quran. now it's clear...

 

[Bint-e-Adam]

i have another question
and this time i have a long questions list

in my syllabus there are short stories also. form which i am giving here as i have learned it today and have some confusions regarding to it's grammar.
this is the story:
​

حكي أن الثعلب أطلع في بئر و هو عأطش و عليها رشاء في طرفيه دلوان ، و قعد في الدلو العليا فانحدرفشرب ، فجاءت الضبع، فأطلعت في البئر فأبصرت القمر في الماء منتصفأ ، و الثعلب قاعد في قعر البئر، فقالت له:
ما تصنع هنا؟ فقال لها إني أكلت نصف هذه الجبنة و بقي نصفها لك فانزلي فكليها، فقالت و كيف أنزل؟ قال تقعدين في الدلو فقعدت فيها، فانحدرت و إرتفع الثعلب في الدلو الأخرى، فلما التقيا في وسط البئر، قالت له:ما هذا ؟ ، قال التجار تختلف
:مغزاه
١. صاحب الغرض مجنون
٢. الحريص محروم / الطامع محروم.





​

i have no problem in its translation as there is also translation present in my text book.

and here are the questions:
1). In this story the fox is male and الضبع is male.. but why the verbs are used opposite? as "فجاءت الضبع، فأطلعت في البئر" .
2). Why is " تقعدين" used here ? as the fox is commanding him : "sit". why not "أقعد" as "alif" is used to command.
3). why we use "إرتفع" here instead of "رفع" ?
4). what is the meaning of "فكليها" here? why we are not using "فأكلها"?
5). what is the difference between these two words: " الحريص" and "الطامع" ?
6). why we use "التقيا" here instead of "ألقاء" ?

 

[marwen]

1). In this story the fox is male and الضبع is male.. but why the verbs are used opposite? as "فجاءت الضبع، فأطلعت في البئر" .
2). Why is " تقعدين" used here ? as the fox is commanding him : "sit". why not "أقعد" as "alif" is used to command.
3). why we use "إرتفع" here instead of "رفع" ?
4). what is the meaning of "فكليها" here? why we are not using "فأكلها"?
5). what is the difference between these two words: " الحريص" and "الطامع" ?
6). why we use "التقيا" here instead of "ألقاء" ?

:bism:

1) I guess الضبع can be used for the name of the species, so it's used for male and female. here from the femenine form of the verb (فجاءت) it's a female.

2) the female hyena asked the fox : فقالت و كيف أنزل؟
so the fox gave her instructions on what to do : (you do that, then that etc.)
He didn't use the command form, he just used an informative form (جملة اخبارية).

3) the form of the verb "إرتفع" is called مزيد (extended), it's derived from the verb "رفع" with addition of the 2 letters (ا) and (ت) :

- (رفع) is in the form/(wazn) called (فعل) (fa'ala) : this form means the subject does the action (on another object).
==> رفع = to pull something up ()

- (ارتفع) is in the form called (افتعل) (ifta'ala). this form means to do the action on himelf / or to get the action done on himself (the subject is also the object) (this form of verbs is generally called 'laazim' (لازم : it means it doesn't need an object after the verb)
==> ارتفع = to pull himself up / or to move up

4) "فكليها" :
كٌل : is the verb (أكل) in the command form.
ي : is the pronoun of the femenine 2nd person (أنت) who is addressed (is the subject, الضبع).
ها : is the pronoun of the femenine 3rd person (هي) who is the object (الجبنة )

Examples of the command form :
- Eat ! O Ahmad ! : ! كل ! يا أحمد
- Eat ! O Aisha ! : ! كلي ! يا عائشة

5)
- حريص = eager, wishful, assiduous.
- طامع = greedy, avid to something (is the opposit of "قانع" : contented/satisfied)

6)
"ألقاء" is not correct.

التقى : "iltaqa" he 'met' (with someone)
التقيا : "iltaqaya" they met (each other)


Hope this is clear. Feel free to ask questions if this is not clear or convincing.