Ismael
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malayloveislam
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Already! His great grandson had became a prophet and a G-d messenger, and the final one. The first House of Worship is there in Mecca and people performing pilgrimage in there every year since the time of Ishmael (pbuh). Now Muslim perform pilgrimage rituals in Mecca in the month of Zulhijja every year. Also Muslim celebrate Qurbana (Sacrifice) Festival for the poor around the world in the month of Zulhijja every year.
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malayloveislam
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* Nabi Muhammad ben Abdullah (prophet Muhammad pbuh)
* Abdullah bin Abdul Mutallib
* Abdul Mutallib bin Hashim
* Hashim bin Abdul Manaf
* Abdul Manaf bin Qusai
* Qusai bin Kilab
* Kilab bin Murrah
* Murrah bin Kaab
* Kaab bin Luay
* Luay bin Ghalib
* Ghalib bin Fahr
* Fahr bin Malik
* Malik bin An-Nadr
* An-Nadr bin Kinanah
* Kinanah bin Khuzaimah
* Khuzaimah bin Mudrikah
* Mudrikah bin Elyas
* Elyas bin Mudar
* Mudar bin Nizar
* Nizar bin Ma'ad
* Ma'ad bin Adnan
* Adnan bin Add (narrated as the first ruler of Holy City Mecca)
* Add bin Humaisi
* Humaisi bin Salaman
* Salaman bin Aws
* Aws bin Buz
* Buz bin Qamwal
* Qamwal bin Obai
* Obai bin Awwam
* Awwam bin Nashid
* Nashid bin Haza
* Haza bin Bildas
* Bildas bin Yadlaf
* Yadlaf bin Tabikh
* Tabikh bin Jahim
* Jahim bin Nahish
* Nahish bin Makhi
* Makhi bin Ayd
* Ayd bin Abqar
* Abqar bin Ubayd
* Ubayd bin Ad-Daa
* Ad-Daa bin Hamdan
* Hamdan bin Sanbir
* Sanbir bin YathRabi
* YathRabi bin Yahzin
* Yahzin bin Yalhan
* Yalhan bin Arami
* Arami bin Ayd
* Ayd bin Deshan
* Deshan bin Aisar/Aizar
* Aisar bin Afnad
* Afnad bin Aiham
* Aiham bin Muksar
* Muksar bin Nahith
* Nahith bin Zarih
* Zarih bin Sani
* Sani bin Wazzi
* Wazzi bin Adwa'
* Adwa' bin Aram
* Aram bin Haidir
* Haidar bin Ismail (Kedar)
* Ismail bin Ibrahim (prophet Ishmael pbuh)
* Ibrahim bin Azar (prophet Abraham pbuh)
* Abdullah bin Abdul Mutallib
* Abdul Mutallib bin Hashim
* Hashim bin Abdul Manaf
* Abdul Manaf bin Qusai
* Qusai bin Kilab
* Kilab bin Murrah
* Murrah bin Kaab
* Kaab bin Luay
* Luay bin Ghalib
* Ghalib bin Fahr
* Fahr bin Malik
* Malik bin An-Nadr
* An-Nadr bin Kinanah
* Kinanah bin Khuzaimah
* Khuzaimah bin Mudrikah
* Mudrikah bin Elyas
* Elyas bin Mudar
* Mudar bin Nizar
* Nizar bin Ma'ad
* Ma'ad bin Adnan
* Adnan bin Add (narrated as the first ruler of Holy City Mecca)
* Add bin Humaisi
* Humaisi bin Salaman
* Salaman bin Aws
* Aws bin Buz
* Buz bin Qamwal
* Qamwal bin Obai
* Obai bin Awwam
* Awwam bin Nashid
* Nashid bin Haza
* Haza bin Bildas
* Bildas bin Yadlaf
* Yadlaf bin Tabikh
* Tabikh bin Jahim
* Jahim bin Nahish
* Nahish bin Makhi
* Makhi bin Ayd
* Ayd bin Abqar
* Abqar bin Ubayd
* Ubayd bin Ad-Daa
* Ad-Daa bin Hamdan
* Hamdan bin Sanbir
* Sanbir bin YathRabi
* YathRabi bin Yahzin
* Yahzin bin Yalhan
* Yalhan bin Arami
* Arami bin Ayd
* Ayd bin Deshan
* Deshan bin Aisar/Aizar
* Aisar bin Afnad
* Afnad bin Aiham
* Aiham bin Muksar
* Muksar bin Nahith
* Nahith bin Zarih
* Zarih bin Sani
* Sani bin Wazzi
* Wazzi bin Adwa'
* Adwa' bin Aram
* Aram bin Haidir
* Haidar bin Ismail (Kedar)
* Ismail bin Ibrahim (prophet Ishmael pbuh)
* Ibrahim bin Azar (prophet Abraham pbuh)
malayloveislam
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Arabs pre-Muhammad (pbuh)
Arabs are among the Semites. Semites are the descendants of Saam Ben Noah (pbuh). The Semites in early times had their nation in Mesopotamia. It is a civilization located between the river Dajlah (Tigris) and Furat (Euphrates). Because the population increased, they the Semites have to move to the lands closer to their civilization. And they build new nations there. Arabs are those Semites that moved to the Arabian Peninsula and they build nations there.
Arabs are among the Semites. Semites are the descendants of Saam Ben Noah (pbuh). The Semites in early times had their nation in Mesopotamia. It is a civilization located between the river Dajlah (Tigris) and Furat (Euphrates). Because the population increased, they the Semites have to move to the lands closer to their civilization. And they build new nations there. Arabs are those Semites that moved to the Arabian Peninsula and they build nations there.
malayloveislam
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The Arabian Peninsula
Arabian Peninsula located in the South West of Asian continent. It is divided into 5 prominent vast areas which are:
a. Hejaz with Mecca, Madinah, and Thaif as its cities
b. Yemen in the South with Sanaa that exist since ancient times as its city
c. Nejd in the Central of Arabian Peninsula
d. Tihamah which is located between Hejaz and Yemen
e. Yamamah located between Nejed and Yemen
The Arabian Peninsula is the only biggest Peninsula in the earth. It size is almost 1/3 European continent but with short beach if it is compared to its size. The beach is straight without any bay for ship to launch its anchor.
Arabian Peninsula geographically with high lands, rock mountains, and basically desert. The rain scarcely pouring down because the wind there consist no water vapor. Only the winds that blows in Yemen consists water vapor and it blows every summer. That is why Yemen is among the fertile area in Arabian Peninsula.
Due to the scarceness of rain, so there is no river in Arabian Peninsula. They only have wells and oasis. Around the wells and oasis' area, the plants grow. It is a fertile place in the middle of the desert.
The climate in Arabian Peninsula is hot because most of its area receives sunlight and the wind that blows did not bring any cold and mild water vapor.
Because of this Arabian Peninsula became the poorest land in the earth. The land is barren, there is no ship port, and the inhabitants lived in poverty. This had made living nomadic life. The moved from a place to a place, searching for fertile land with the grass growing for their camels and goats' grazing. After the grass had finish being grazed, they will move to other place.
Fights always happened for the fertile lands (oasis). They need the fertile land for their camels and goats to graze. The fights can sometimes happen to be a big war between caravans. That is why Arabs always live in war situation. This explains why the Salam (peace) greeting always said to each other now.
Because of the wars that happened, snatching the properties too always happened and Arabs too had made the habit of killing their own children because they are afraid of poverty. It is said that a group of thieves who attacked a person in the day light will become a good host in the night. These bad habits becomes a custom that later being canceled by Islam.
Killing the children habits had been stated in Quran
al-Anaam verses 140 - 151
an-Nahl verses 58 - 59
al-Israa verse 31
Beside the chaos that happened because of poverty and the fights to survive, Arabs too have various good values such as appreciating their guests, generous, courageous, patient, and moderate. This is the habits that Islam emphasize later.
Arabian Peninsula located in the South West of Asian continent. It is divided into 5 prominent vast areas which are:
a. Hejaz with Mecca, Madinah, and Thaif as its cities
b. Yemen in the South with Sanaa that exist since ancient times as its city
c. Nejd in the Central of Arabian Peninsula
d. Tihamah which is located between Hejaz and Yemen
e. Yamamah located between Nejed and Yemen
The Arabian Peninsula is the only biggest Peninsula in the earth. It size is almost 1/3 European continent but with short beach if it is compared to its size. The beach is straight without any bay for ship to launch its anchor.
Arabian Peninsula geographically with high lands, rock mountains, and basically desert. The rain scarcely pouring down because the wind there consist no water vapor. Only the winds that blows in Yemen consists water vapor and it blows every summer. That is why Yemen is among the fertile area in Arabian Peninsula.
Due to the scarceness of rain, so there is no river in Arabian Peninsula. They only have wells and oasis. Around the wells and oasis' area, the plants grow. It is a fertile place in the middle of the desert.
The climate in Arabian Peninsula is hot because most of its area receives sunlight and the wind that blows did not bring any cold and mild water vapor.
Because of this Arabian Peninsula became the poorest land in the earth. The land is barren, there is no ship port, and the inhabitants lived in poverty. This had made living nomadic life. The moved from a place to a place, searching for fertile land with the grass growing for their camels and goats' grazing. After the grass had finish being grazed, they will move to other place.
Fights always happened for the fertile lands (oasis). They need the fertile land for their camels and goats to graze. The fights can sometimes happen to be a big war between caravans. That is why Arabs always live in war situation. This explains why the Salam (peace) greeting always said to each other now.
Because of the wars that happened, snatching the properties too always happened and Arabs too had made the habit of killing their own children because they are afraid of poverty. It is said that a group of thieves who attacked a person in the day light will become a good host in the night. These bad habits becomes a custom that later being canceled by Islam.
Killing the children habits had been stated in Quran
al-Anaam verses 140 - 151
an-Nahl verses 58 - 59
al-Israa verse 31
Beside the chaos that happened because of poverty and the fights to survive, Arabs too have various good values such as appreciating their guests, generous, courageous, patient, and moderate. This is the habits that Islam emphasize later.
malayloveislam
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How many typess of Arabs that exist?
Historians had divided Arabs into 3 types
1. The destructed Arabs
2. The Qahtani
3. The Ismaeli
Historians had divided Arabs into 3 types
1. The destructed Arabs
2. The Qahtani
3. The Ismaeli
malayloveislam
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The Destructed Arabs
They were destructed by G-d, they have no descendants at all because all of them had been uprooted from the earth.
1. The Aad
The tribe Aad lived in al-Ahqaf in Yemen today. Their kingdom is actually a great ancient kingdom. Their ruling extends from Syria to Iraq.
When they get the power, they became cruel and brutal. They also disobey G-d the One but worshiping idols and statues. So, G-d had sent Hud (pbuh) as the sign of His Mercy toward human.
There are people who believe Hud (pbuh) and there are also those who do not believe and only mocking the believers. They also said to Hud (pbuh): "it is the same for us whether you remind us or not."
They were then destroyed by G-d when He sent an extremely cold wind and it blows in frenzy. This Aad people then destroyed by G-d and they are known as the "First Aad."
Those who were saved by G-d with His prophet, Hud (pbuh) were known as the "Second Aad." They moved to Hadramaut in Yemen. However they were assimilated into Qahtani Arabs. The Qahtani Arabs moved from Mesopotamia to Yemen. This "Second Aad" too then perished.
The stories of them were told to us in Quran
Surah Hud vs. 50 - 60
Surah al-A'araf vs. 65 - 72
Surah Haqqah vs. 6 - 8
Until now we can see the ruin of a fort known as Qabni Hud. In this city the grave of prophet Hud (pbuh) located. This fort is located in the East of Tasiem city.
The Aad Arabs had achieved high civilization from the ruins that can be seen excavated from the desert of al-Ahqaf. Among them are the Irama-Zatil-Imad which is a capital of the Aad ancient kingdom.
There are also expeditions by Western scholars excavating the ruins of al-Ahqaf and making researches. Among them is Mr. Philby from England. He was provided assistance by the servant of two holy cities, which is Ibnu Saud in 1932. The al-Ahqaf desert too is known as Rab el-Khali means the place without any lord because the land lords which are the Aad had emptied the place.
2. The Thamud
They once lived in al-Hijir (the Rock) and Wadil-Qura (between Hejaz and Syria). Their house were carved in the rock mountains. They filthy rich at that time with camels, cows, and goats also with various vegetables that they got from the plants that grows around. However they became Kafir (ungrateful) to G-d and involved in bad habits (idolatry). G-d then still being Merciful to them and sending His prophet, whose name is Saaleh (pbuh) to correct them on the straight path. G-d granted mu3jizat (miracle) to prophet Saleh (pbuh) which is a giant female camel. G-d had tested them (the sign whether one is a believer or not) not to disturb the giant camel, because once they harm the camel, they will be destroyed by G-d.
They do not believe prophet Saleh (pbuh) and they killed the giant camel. They had exceed the limit. G-d destroyed them with earthquake. Their mighty carved houses in the rock mountains all destroyed and they died in their houses. However the ruins of their houses still exist and can be seen in the road from Hejaz to Yemen. It is always seen by the travelers when they use the road.
Surah about this Arabs
Surah al-A'araf vs. 73 - 79
Surah Hud vs. 61 - 68
Surah an - Naml vs. 45 - 53
They were destructed by G-d, they have no descendants at all because all of them had been uprooted from the earth.
1. The Aad
The tribe Aad lived in al-Ahqaf in Yemen today. Their kingdom is actually a great ancient kingdom. Their ruling extends from Syria to Iraq.
When they get the power, they became cruel and brutal. They also disobey G-d the One but worshiping idols and statues. So, G-d had sent Hud (pbuh) as the sign of His Mercy toward human.
There are people who believe Hud (pbuh) and there are also those who do not believe and only mocking the believers. They also said to Hud (pbuh): "it is the same for us whether you remind us or not."
They were then destroyed by G-d when He sent an extremely cold wind and it blows in frenzy. This Aad people then destroyed by G-d and they are known as the "First Aad."
Those who were saved by G-d with His prophet, Hud (pbuh) were known as the "Second Aad." They moved to Hadramaut in Yemen. However they were assimilated into Qahtani Arabs. The Qahtani Arabs moved from Mesopotamia to Yemen. This "Second Aad" too then perished.
The stories of them were told to us in Quran
Surah Hud vs. 50 - 60
Surah al-A'araf vs. 65 - 72
Surah Haqqah vs. 6 - 8
Until now we can see the ruin of a fort known as Qabni Hud. In this city the grave of prophet Hud (pbuh) located. This fort is located in the East of Tasiem city.
The Aad Arabs had achieved high civilization from the ruins that can be seen excavated from the desert of al-Ahqaf. Among them are the Irama-Zatil-Imad which is a capital of the Aad ancient kingdom.
There are also expeditions by Western scholars excavating the ruins of al-Ahqaf and making researches. Among them is Mr. Philby from England. He was provided assistance by the servant of two holy cities, which is Ibnu Saud in 1932. The al-Ahqaf desert too is known as Rab el-Khali means the place without any lord because the land lords which are the Aad had emptied the place.
2. The Thamud
They once lived in al-Hijir (the Rock) and Wadil-Qura (between Hejaz and Syria). Their house were carved in the rock mountains. They filthy rich at that time with camels, cows, and goats also with various vegetables that they got from the plants that grows around. However they became Kafir (ungrateful) to G-d and involved in bad habits (idolatry). G-d then still being Merciful to them and sending His prophet, whose name is Saaleh (pbuh) to correct them on the straight path. G-d granted mu3jizat (miracle) to prophet Saleh (pbuh) which is a giant female camel. G-d had tested them (the sign whether one is a believer or not) not to disturb the giant camel, because once they harm the camel, they will be destroyed by G-d.
They do not believe prophet Saleh (pbuh) and they killed the giant camel. They had exceed the limit. G-d destroyed them with earthquake. Their mighty carved houses in the rock mountains all destroyed and they died in their houses. However the ruins of their houses still exist and can be seen in the road from Hejaz to Yemen. It is always seen by the travelers when they use the road.
Surah about this Arabs
Surah al-A'araf vs. 73 - 79
Surah Hud vs. 61 - 68
Surah an - Naml vs. 45 - 53
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malayloveislam
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I'm sorry about long winding posts about Arabs. I think that the Semite term had been associated too much with Hebrews a.k.a Jews. This will happen to be flooding because Western friends might not understand. The Hebrew stories is so much influencing Western friends and accepted without any further continuation of the related stories.
Banu_Hashim
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Basically the same, but taken from "The Sealed Nectar".
This is just a small intro. The whole section is quite long.
This is just a small intro. The whole section is quite long.
malayloveislam
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Let us see what is Qahtani Arabs? You will understand what is Ismaeli Arabs in the end. This is just a free information from my own sincerity. You do not need to open various books, clicking threads or doing assignments because I will try to make this easier for everyone especially Western friends to comprehend.
Qahtani Arabs
The Children of Qahtan are the descendants of Yaarob Ben Qathan. This tribe were originated from Mesopotamia. Because the population in Mesopotamia keep increasing and the spaces becoming small, they have to moved out. They moved down South in Yemen in gradual from Mesopotamia.
Before the Qahtani Arabs arrived, Yemen were inhabited by the "Second Aad." Thus the war waged between these two tribes. The "Second Aad" were lost in the war have to live under the rule of Qahtanis. Later they were assimilated into Qahtani.
Qahtani Arabs had established several kingdoms.
1. Yemeni kingdoms
Because Yemen is a fertile region, the Children of Qahtan did not live nomadic life. They began establishing permanent settlement that soon became kingdoms with cities.
a. Sabaiah (Sheba)
The first king of this kingdom is Sabaa (Sheba). This king had developed a city as an administration center which is called as Ma'areb. Near this city, a dam. This dam keeps the water from the rain that poured down in three months every summer.
The dam has doors that can be opened and closed according to their necessity to water, and the water was irrigated to canals.
With good irrigation system, Yemen became a fertile region with greens. The dam is known as Saddu Ma'areb.
After Sheba died, he was then succeeded by his descendants. Among them is Belqis (Queen Sheba). She lived in the reign of king Solomon (pbuh). The story in Quran is in Surah an-Naml vs. 20 - 44).
This kingdom survived for such a long time. When they forget G-d due to the luxury of life, and turned to other god which is the Sun (a creature), G-d then had destroyed their kingdom with a big flood. This flood happened when the dam Maareb was broken.
The dam Maareb was broken because the people had forgotten to inspect the dam due to the exceeding enjoyment of life and it's later broken and the water brings a big flood that ruins their kingdom.
However those who survived moved again to several places around Arabian Peninsula. According to Sedelliot, this dam happened to be broken in 120 BC. We read this story in Quran, Surah Saba vs. 15 - 17.
b. Himyarite kingdom
This kingdom was established not long after Sheba kingdom was destroyed by the flood. The people who established this kingdom are those who survived the flood in Sheba kingdom. Himyarites are a sub-tribe of Qahtani Arabs of Saba kingdom. Himyarite kingdom's center is in Sanaa.
The kingdom last long. The last king is called Yousuf Zun Nuas. During the reign of this king Himyarite kingdom is in its downfall. Yousuf Zun Nuas embraced Judaism. He also had forced his subjects to embrace Judaism. There are the subjects in Najran who believes in Jesus (pbuh). The teaching of Jesus (pbuh) was brought there by a person whose name is Faimiyyoun (St. Phemion of Syria). The people of Najran refused to embrace Judaism and they were tormented and burned by the cruel king. I think it is around 534 C, and more than 12, 000 being burned. Some Muslims who interprete Quran had stated that Yousuf Zun Nuas is the one among those who were referred as Ashaabul Ukhdud (the makers of the pit of fire) in the Surah al-Buruj.
Surah al-Buruj translation by Abdullah Yusuf Ali
4. Woe to the makers of the pit (of fire)
5. Fire supplied (abundantly) with fuel
6. Behold! They sat over against the (fire)
7. And they witnessed (all) that they were doing against the believers
8. And they ill-treated them for no other reason that they believed in G-d Exalted in Power, Worthy of all Praise!-
9. Him who belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth! And G-d is Witness to all things.
10. Those who persecute (or draw int temptation) the believers, men and women, and do not turn into repentance, will have the penalty of Hell: they will have the penalty of of the burning Fire.
Due to this brutality, the Emperor of Eastern Rome, Ceasar Justin I (518 - 527 C) who is the protector of the religion of Christ had ordered the Najasyi (Negus) of Ethiopia to attack Yemen.
Negus then sent an army under a war chief whose name is Aryath. King Zun Nuas had no force anymore to avoid the attack and he ran. After that, this kingdom had fallen under the administration of Ethiopia. Aryath became the first governor. Aryath was later murdered by Abrahah who is also an Ethiopian war chief. Abrahah appointed himself as the governor and approved by Negus in Ethiopia.
Abrahah too had forced his army to attack Mecca in order to destruct Kaaba structure. He had also had made another building in Sanaa so that people will perform pilgrimage there and not anymore in Mecca. When he nearly reached Mecca, G-d had sent a kind of disease to them through the birds. Many of his army died, and he himself died when he reached Sanaa in Yemen. We read this in Quran, surah al-Fiil vs. 1 -5.
This event happened around 570 C. In 20 April 571 C, our holy prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was born in Mecca the holy city. After Abrahah died, he was succeeded by his son. But later, a Himyarite whose name is Saif Ben Zi Yasin had lead a rebel. He asked the help from Persian king whose name is Anoushirvan (531 - 579 C). They succeeded expeling Ethiopian from Yemen with the help of Persian army under war chief Wuhrouz the Dailami. Saif Ben Zi Yasin was appointed a king by Persian king.
Many noblemen from around Arabian Peninsula greet Saif Ben Zi Yasin. Among those noblemen is the grandfather of our prophet whose name is Abdul Mutallib Ben Hashim, he is also the servant of the Kaaba (the one who keep the key of Kaaba structure). It is narrated that when Abdul Mutallib met Saif Ben Zi Yasin, he had foretold Abdul Mutallib about a prophet will be sent by G-d from among the Arabs.
However Saif did not rule for long. He was later murdered by some Ethiopians that still living in Yemen because he had oppressed them. Yemen then fallen again under Ethiopia. The king Anushirvan then had sent his army again under Wuhrouz the Dailami to liberate Yemen. Because Yemen still can't stand on her own foot yet, Persia had put it under Persian protectorate land. Wuhrouz became the governor and he ruled Yemen under the name of Persia.
After Wuhrouz died, he was succeeded by other Persians. The last Persian governor is Bazan. In the time of Bazan, Islam shines. Bazan then embraced Islam and under his rule Islam spread in Yemen. Later Yemen became a Muslim territory.
2. Manazirah kingdom
This kingdom is located in Mesopotamia. It was established by Qahtani Arabs of Yemen who had returned back to their ancestor's land after the flood of Maareb. This kingdom is also known as the Lachmides (the children of Lakhim) or Hirah.
Manazirah kingdom is not an independent kingdom. They are under the influence of Persia. Persia had appointed the rulers from the children of Lakhim and they ruled the Arabs in Mesopotamia. They were used as puppets to:
i. be a buffer state for the business of Persian in Arabian Peninsula and also to guard the Persian whenever they do business in Arabian Peninsula from the attacks of Arab tribes that live in Mesopotamia.
ii. protect Persia from being attacked by the Arabs
iii. be a tool to oppose Eastern Rome. Eastern Rome and Persia are always in battle. In the side of Persia, the Manazirah kingdom provide assistance in the form of army.
Manazirah kingdom last for about 600 years. The last king is al-Munzir Ben Nu'man. He died in a battle when fighting Muslim army under the chieftain Khalid Ben al-Walid in the reign of our caliph Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (G-d be please with him). Later in 633 C, Manazirah was included under Islamic territory.
3. Ghassanides kingdom
This kingdom located in the South of Syria. It was established by the Qahtani Arabs of Yemen. They also moved there after the dam Maareb was broken.
This kingdom is also a protectorate of Eastern Rome kingdom. This kingdom is used by the Eastern Romans to guarantee their business work smoothly and also to guard Syria from the attacks from other Arab kingdoms. It is also used to oppose the Persian influence.
This kingdom later fallen and it was included under Islamic territory during the rule of our caliph Umar al-Khattab (G-d be please with him) who ruled in 13 - 14 H (634 - 644 C). The last king of Ghassan is Jabalah Ben Aiham. He had embraced Islam but during Pilgrimage ritual in Mecca, a commoner had unintentionally stepped on the edge of his white robe that made he slap the person's face. This case was brought to the our caliph, and he asked the king to apologize because there is no more status difference when performing pilgrim. The king is an ego and he refused. Later, he ran to Constatinople and seek the refuge under Heraclius I. He died as a Christian in the year 20 H in Constantinople.
4. Kindah kingdom
This small kingdom is located in Nejd. It was established by the Qahtani Arabs from Yemen. They moved there after the flood from the dam Maareb. The last king is Umrul-Qais. He is also a famous poet and he died 50 years before prophet Muhammad (pbuh) born.
Qahtani Arabs
The Children of Qahtan are the descendants of Yaarob Ben Qathan. This tribe were originated from Mesopotamia. Because the population in Mesopotamia keep increasing and the spaces becoming small, they have to moved out. They moved down South in Yemen in gradual from Mesopotamia.
Before the Qahtani Arabs arrived, Yemen were inhabited by the "Second Aad." Thus the war waged between these two tribes. The "Second Aad" were lost in the war have to live under the rule of Qahtanis. Later they were assimilated into Qahtani.
Qahtani Arabs had established several kingdoms.
1. Yemeni kingdoms
Because Yemen is a fertile region, the Children of Qahtan did not live nomadic life. They began establishing permanent settlement that soon became kingdoms with cities.
a. Sabaiah (Sheba)
The first king of this kingdom is Sabaa (Sheba). This king had developed a city as an administration center which is called as Ma'areb. Near this city, a dam. This dam keeps the water from the rain that poured down in three months every summer.
The dam has doors that can be opened and closed according to their necessity to water, and the water was irrigated to canals.
With good irrigation system, Yemen became a fertile region with greens. The dam is known as Saddu Ma'areb.
After Sheba died, he was then succeeded by his descendants. Among them is Belqis (Queen Sheba). She lived in the reign of king Solomon (pbuh). The story in Quran is in Surah an-Naml vs. 20 - 44).
This kingdom survived for such a long time. When they forget G-d due to the luxury of life, and turned to other god which is the Sun (a creature), G-d then had destroyed their kingdom with a big flood. This flood happened when the dam Maareb was broken.
The dam Maareb was broken because the people had forgotten to inspect the dam due to the exceeding enjoyment of life and it's later broken and the water brings a big flood that ruins their kingdom.
However those who survived moved again to several places around Arabian Peninsula. According to Sedelliot, this dam happened to be broken in 120 BC. We read this story in Quran, Surah Saba vs. 15 - 17.
b. Himyarite kingdom
This kingdom was established not long after Sheba kingdom was destroyed by the flood. The people who established this kingdom are those who survived the flood in Sheba kingdom. Himyarites are a sub-tribe of Qahtani Arabs of Saba kingdom. Himyarite kingdom's center is in Sanaa.
The kingdom last long. The last king is called Yousuf Zun Nuas. During the reign of this king Himyarite kingdom is in its downfall. Yousuf Zun Nuas embraced Judaism. He also had forced his subjects to embrace Judaism. There are the subjects in Najran who believes in Jesus (pbuh). The teaching of Jesus (pbuh) was brought there by a person whose name is Faimiyyoun (St. Phemion of Syria). The people of Najran refused to embrace Judaism and they were tormented and burned by the cruel king. I think it is around 534 C, and more than 12, 000 being burned. Some Muslims who interprete Quran had stated that Yousuf Zun Nuas is the one among those who were referred as Ashaabul Ukhdud (the makers of the pit of fire) in the Surah al-Buruj.
Surah al-Buruj translation by Abdullah Yusuf Ali
4. Woe to the makers of the pit (of fire)
5. Fire supplied (abundantly) with fuel
6. Behold! They sat over against the (fire)
7. And they witnessed (all) that they were doing against the believers
8. And they ill-treated them for no other reason that they believed in G-d Exalted in Power, Worthy of all Praise!-
9. Him who belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth! And G-d is Witness to all things.
10. Those who persecute (or draw int temptation) the believers, men and women, and do not turn into repentance, will have the penalty of Hell: they will have the penalty of of the burning Fire.
Due to this brutality, the Emperor of Eastern Rome, Ceasar Justin I (518 - 527 C) who is the protector of the religion of Christ had ordered the Najasyi (Negus) of Ethiopia to attack Yemen.
Negus then sent an army under a war chief whose name is Aryath. King Zun Nuas had no force anymore to avoid the attack and he ran. After that, this kingdom had fallen under the administration of Ethiopia. Aryath became the first governor. Aryath was later murdered by Abrahah who is also an Ethiopian war chief. Abrahah appointed himself as the governor and approved by Negus in Ethiopia.
Abrahah too had forced his army to attack Mecca in order to destruct Kaaba structure. He had also had made another building in Sanaa so that people will perform pilgrimage there and not anymore in Mecca. When he nearly reached Mecca, G-d had sent a kind of disease to them through the birds. Many of his army died, and he himself died when he reached Sanaa in Yemen. We read this in Quran, surah al-Fiil vs. 1 -5.
This event happened around 570 C. In 20 April 571 C, our holy prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was born in Mecca the holy city. After Abrahah died, he was succeeded by his son. But later, a Himyarite whose name is Saif Ben Zi Yasin had lead a rebel. He asked the help from Persian king whose name is Anoushirvan (531 - 579 C). They succeeded expeling Ethiopian from Yemen with the help of Persian army under war chief Wuhrouz the Dailami. Saif Ben Zi Yasin was appointed a king by Persian king.
Many noblemen from around Arabian Peninsula greet Saif Ben Zi Yasin. Among those noblemen is the grandfather of our prophet whose name is Abdul Mutallib Ben Hashim, he is also the servant of the Kaaba (the one who keep the key of Kaaba structure). It is narrated that when Abdul Mutallib met Saif Ben Zi Yasin, he had foretold Abdul Mutallib about a prophet will be sent by G-d from among the Arabs.
However Saif did not rule for long. He was later murdered by some Ethiopians that still living in Yemen because he had oppressed them. Yemen then fallen again under Ethiopia. The king Anushirvan then had sent his army again under Wuhrouz the Dailami to liberate Yemen. Because Yemen still can't stand on her own foot yet, Persia had put it under Persian protectorate land. Wuhrouz became the governor and he ruled Yemen under the name of Persia.
After Wuhrouz died, he was succeeded by other Persians. The last Persian governor is Bazan. In the time of Bazan, Islam shines. Bazan then embraced Islam and under his rule Islam spread in Yemen. Later Yemen became a Muslim territory.
2. Manazirah kingdom
This kingdom is located in Mesopotamia. It was established by Qahtani Arabs of Yemen who had returned back to their ancestor's land after the flood of Maareb. This kingdom is also known as the Lachmides (the children of Lakhim) or Hirah.
Manazirah kingdom is not an independent kingdom. They are under the influence of Persia. Persia had appointed the rulers from the children of Lakhim and they ruled the Arabs in Mesopotamia. They were used as puppets to:
i. be a buffer state for the business of Persian in Arabian Peninsula and also to guard the Persian whenever they do business in Arabian Peninsula from the attacks of Arab tribes that live in Mesopotamia.
ii. protect Persia from being attacked by the Arabs
iii. be a tool to oppose Eastern Rome. Eastern Rome and Persia are always in battle. In the side of Persia, the Manazirah kingdom provide assistance in the form of army.
Manazirah kingdom last for about 600 years. The last king is al-Munzir Ben Nu'man. He died in a battle when fighting Muslim army under the chieftain Khalid Ben al-Walid in the reign of our caliph Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (G-d be please with him). Later in 633 C, Manazirah was included under Islamic territory.
3. Ghassanides kingdom
This kingdom located in the South of Syria. It was established by the Qahtani Arabs of Yemen. They also moved there after the dam Maareb was broken.
This kingdom is also a protectorate of Eastern Rome kingdom. This kingdom is used by the Eastern Romans to guarantee their business work smoothly and also to guard Syria from the attacks from other Arab kingdoms. It is also used to oppose the Persian influence.
This kingdom later fallen and it was included under Islamic territory during the rule of our caliph Umar al-Khattab (G-d be please with him) who ruled in 13 - 14 H (634 - 644 C). The last king of Ghassan is Jabalah Ben Aiham. He had embraced Islam but during Pilgrimage ritual in Mecca, a commoner had unintentionally stepped on the edge of his white robe that made he slap the person's face. This case was brought to the our caliph, and he asked the king to apologize because there is no more status difference when performing pilgrim. The king is an ego and he refused. Later, he ran to Constatinople and seek the refuge under Heraclius I. He died as a Christian in the year 20 H in Constantinople.
4. Kindah kingdom
This small kingdom is located in Nejd. It was established by the Qahtani Arabs from Yemen. They moved there after the flood from the dam Maareb. The last king is Umrul-Qais. He is also a famous poet and he died 50 years before prophet Muhammad (pbuh) born.
malayloveislam
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The Aus and Khazraj in Madinah the Holy City
I'm sure everyone had at least heard about them. Our prophet (pbuh) had named them as the Ansar (the helpers) after Hijrah event and they became the brothers in faith with the Muslim Quraisy of Mecca known as the Muhajirin (the immigrants).
These two tribes are actually the sub-tribe of Qahtani Arabs. They moved from Yemen just like those Arabs that established kingdoms in the previous post, when the dam of Maareb of Sheba kingdom was broken. These people had moved North to Madinah.
Madinah during the paganism time, was inhabited by the Amaliqah (Amelechites). I'm certain that I had came across this Amelechites in Christian and Jews "Bible." They were originally a sub-tribe of the perished Arabs which hold power in Hejaz. Medinah old name is Yathrib. I do not know why they are not mentioned as the Arabs in the Christian and Jews "Bible" translations.
Amalechites are brutal and cruel. Prophet Moses (pbuh) had sent an army who are the Jews to up-root those brutal Amalechites. Before the Jews depart, Moses (pbuh) had told them not to live even a soul of Amalechites alive. They have to kill them all.
However the Jews did not listen to their prophet order and one of the Amalechite prince still survive. When the Jews wanted to depart to their home, prophet Moses (pbuh) had passed away. They did not fulfill their promise to prophet Moses (pbuh) so they were forbidden to go home. This is how the Jews had been found living in Madinah. Later they became powerful in Madinah. After the Romans had chased Jews from Palestine, many of them had seek refuge in Madinah where their brothers had lived there. Thus Jews becoming more powerful.
The Aus and Khazraj moved out from Yemen after the flood of Maareb. They lived in poverty in Madinah and lacking of everything under the rule of the Jews when the Jews gaining power. However the help from Ghassanides kingdom came and the Aus and Khazraj tribes managed to get back their power from the Jews.
The Aus and Khazraj then lived in glory but arguments arise and the civil wars then happened again. Many died due to the civil wars. Notes too that the Jews had always looking down to these Arab tribes and claiming that they are low life. The Jews are so proud because they said they have the scripture (Torah). They also had heard about the coming of a prophet told to them by the proud Jews. The Jews wanted to be in ally with this prophet to dominate these Arabs and the world.
During the beginning of the spread of Islam, these Arabs the Aus and Khazraj had heard about the prophet in Mecca. So some of them had performed pilgrimage in Mecca. They felt interested when they come in contact with this person Muhammad (pbuh) and they wanted to first becoming the follower of this prophet. They sent messengers to contact the prophet in Mecca in the next year and learning the religion from him. And then, they had invited the prophet (pbuh) to live with them in Madinah. They hope that the civil wars will end after the prophet come.
Their desire to bring prophet (pbuh) had grab the attention of the prophet (pbuh) himself. So, he first asked his companions to slowly move to Madinah. Later he followed them. When he arrived in Madinah, he changed the name of Yathrib to become Madinah. The Aus and Khazraj were called the Ansar (the helpers) and those who immigrated were called the Muhajirin (the immigrants). They were all becoming the brothers in the faith.
Madinah then becomes the center in the spreading of Islamic teaching.
I'm sure everyone had at least heard about them. Our prophet (pbuh) had named them as the Ansar (the helpers) after Hijrah event and they became the brothers in faith with the Muslim Quraisy of Mecca known as the Muhajirin (the immigrants).
These two tribes are actually the sub-tribe of Qahtani Arabs. They moved from Yemen just like those Arabs that established kingdoms in the previous post, when the dam of Maareb of Sheba kingdom was broken. These people had moved North to Madinah.
Madinah during the paganism time, was inhabited by the Amaliqah (Amelechites). I'm certain that I had came across this Amelechites in Christian and Jews "Bible." They were originally a sub-tribe of the perished Arabs which hold power in Hejaz. Medinah old name is Yathrib. I do not know why they are not mentioned as the Arabs in the Christian and Jews "Bible" translations.
Amalechites are brutal and cruel. Prophet Moses (pbuh) had sent an army who are the Jews to up-root those brutal Amalechites. Before the Jews depart, Moses (pbuh) had told them not to live even a soul of Amalechites alive. They have to kill them all.
However the Jews did not listen to their prophet order and one of the Amalechite prince still survive. When the Jews wanted to depart to their home, prophet Moses (pbuh) had passed away. They did not fulfill their promise to prophet Moses (pbuh) so they were forbidden to go home. This is how the Jews had been found living in Madinah. Later they became powerful in Madinah. After the Romans had chased Jews from Palestine, many of them had seek refuge in Madinah where their brothers had lived there. Thus Jews becoming more powerful.
The Aus and Khazraj moved out from Yemen after the flood of Maareb. They lived in poverty in Madinah and lacking of everything under the rule of the Jews when the Jews gaining power. However the help from Ghassanides kingdom came and the Aus and Khazraj tribes managed to get back their power from the Jews.
The Aus and Khazraj then lived in glory but arguments arise and the civil wars then happened again. Many died due to the civil wars. Notes too that the Jews had always looking down to these Arab tribes and claiming that they are low life. The Jews are so proud because they said they have the scripture (Torah). They also had heard about the coming of a prophet told to them by the proud Jews. The Jews wanted to be in ally with this prophet to dominate these Arabs and the world.
During the beginning of the spread of Islam, these Arabs the Aus and Khazraj had heard about the prophet in Mecca. So some of them had performed pilgrimage in Mecca. They felt interested when they come in contact with this person Muhammad (pbuh) and they wanted to first becoming the follower of this prophet. They sent messengers to contact the prophet in Mecca in the next year and learning the religion from him. And then, they had invited the prophet (pbuh) to live with them in Madinah. They hope that the civil wars will end after the prophet come.
Their desire to bring prophet (pbuh) had grab the attention of the prophet (pbuh) himself. So, he first asked his companions to slowly move to Madinah. Later he followed them. When he arrived in Madinah, he changed the name of Yathrib to become Madinah. The Aus and Khazraj were called the Ansar (the helpers) and those who immigrated were called the Muhajirin (the immigrants). They were all becoming the brothers in the faith.
Madinah then becomes the center in the spreading of Islamic teaching.
malayloveislam
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The children of Ishmael
Now we reached the children of Ishmael. Ishmael (pbuh) is the son of Abraham (pbuh) and both of them were appointed prophets. However only Abraham is the messenger of G-d. Abraham (pbuh) in the beginning lives in the city of Ur in Babylon, Mesopotamia. The Babylonians worshiped the solar system and they too had carved idols representing those solar gods.
Abraham (pbuh) calls the inhabitants of Ur to worship only G-d. But his people are so stubborn. They had also burn him alive in the big fire but G-d had saved him. G-d made the fire cold for him. Before that an angel had came to help him, but he refused, he said he do not called angel but G-d so G-d is the One who saved him.
And then, Abraham (pbuh) and his followers left Ur for Palestine. The famine had happened there. Abraham and Sarah his wife have to enter Egypt to find food. The king of Egypt, fallen in love with Sarah but he did not know Sarah is the wife of Abraham (pbuh). In Egypt Sarah was given presents and also was granted a servant girl whose name is Hajar.
When they returned to Palestine, Sarah had presented Hajar to Abraham (pbuh) and asked him to marry Hajar because she still have no child. When Ishmael (pbuh) was born, Sarah became jealous and she had asked Abraham (pbuh) to send Hajar and Ishmael to other place. This is normal, Sarah is not an angel but a human and a female. She have emotions and sentiments too.
Abraham (pbuh) sent Hajar and Ishmael (pbuh) to Hejaz. They were sent in a barren land which is in Mecca today. Abraham then prayed to G-d to protect his family there and he returned home in Palestine. Hajar lived there alone with baby Ishmael (pbuh). She have to find water for herself and her baby so she slowly ran between Safa and Marwa hills. Later when she came back to her tent she found a water source at the feet of her baby. The water source then became an oasis and the well was known as Zumzum. The efforts of Hajar searching for water is now included in Manasik Hajj (the pilgrimage rituals). It is known as Sa'ie (Effort).
Then a caravan of Jurhum sub-tribe of Qahtan Arabs from South arrived and they asked Hajar permission the live with them near the water source. The generous lady permitted them and she said that as long nobody trying to conquer the water source she will be happy to live with everyone.
Abraham (pbuh) always visiting Mecca. One day he happened to receive dreams. He thought the dream is from Satan but the dreams kept happened. It is about he is slaughtering his son Ishmael (pbuh). In Jews and Christians "Bible," it is said that Isaac being slaughtered (Genesis 22: 1 - 14). In which place Isaac being slaughtered I do not know. Why is it different to I do not know. I believe in every knowledge being used in searching the truth. Everyone is free to believe what they want to believe. I believe Jews still love the Dominion rather than Brotherhood which G-d promotes that made certain things in the Bible changed. You don't like anything in the scripture just change it without any fear to G-d, we can not see G-d, so no need to fear Him.
Ishmael (pbuh) lived with the Jurhum Arabs and he learned their language. He also married a Jurhum lady. Ishmael (pbuh) was annointed the prophet for the inhabitants of Hejaz. G-d had also ordered Abraham (pbuh) and Ishmael (pbuh) to build up the structure of Kaaba (that cubicle building). After finish, Abraham (pbuh) have to inform the people of Hejaz that he and his son had build a House of Worship to worship Him. Abraham (pbuh) too had prayed to G-d so that He will grant peace to this city of Mecca and the inhabitants receiving bountiful of blessings. Human from around the world then performing pilgrimage and worship acts there. Abraham (pbuh) too prayed that one day from his descendant and from Ishmael descendant there will be a prophet to teach the "Book" and the "Wisdom" to human-being.
The prayers of Abraham (pbuh) were all granted by G-d. He had sent Muhammad (pbuh) and also had made the pilgrimage to Mecca a pillar in the religion. You can read all of this in:
Surah al-Baqarah vs. 124, 131, and 258
Surah Aali-Imran vs. 96 - 97
Surah al-Ana'am vs. 74 - 84
Surah Ibrahim vs. 35 - 37
Surah Maryam vs. 41 - 49
Surah al-Anbiyaa' vs. 51 - 72
Surah as-Syuraa' vs. 60 - 89
Surah as-Saffat vs. 83 - 111
Other than Ishmael (pbuh), Abraham (pbuh) too has another son whose name is Isaac (pbuh). He was born by Sarah after Ishmael (pbuh) was born by Hajar. Isaac have the son Jacob (his other name is Israel).
Ishmael (pbuh) had 12 sons. 11 of them had their descendants extinct and only the descendants of Adnan survive. From Adnan, the children of Ishmael expanded.
Now we reached the children of Ishmael. Ishmael (pbuh) is the son of Abraham (pbuh) and both of them were appointed prophets. However only Abraham is the messenger of G-d. Abraham (pbuh) in the beginning lives in the city of Ur in Babylon, Mesopotamia. The Babylonians worshiped the solar system and they too had carved idols representing those solar gods.
Abraham (pbuh) calls the inhabitants of Ur to worship only G-d. But his people are so stubborn. They had also burn him alive in the big fire but G-d had saved him. G-d made the fire cold for him. Before that an angel had came to help him, but he refused, he said he do not called angel but G-d so G-d is the One who saved him.
And then, Abraham (pbuh) and his followers left Ur for Palestine. The famine had happened there. Abraham and Sarah his wife have to enter Egypt to find food. The king of Egypt, fallen in love with Sarah but he did not know Sarah is the wife of Abraham (pbuh). In Egypt Sarah was given presents and also was granted a servant girl whose name is Hajar.
When they returned to Palestine, Sarah had presented Hajar to Abraham (pbuh) and asked him to marry Hajar because she still have no child. When Ishmael (pbuh) was born, Sarah became jealous and she had asked Abraham (pbuh) to send Hajar and Ishmael to other place. This is normal, Sarah is not an angel but a human and a female. She have emotions and sentiments too.
Abraham (pbuh) sent Hajar and Ishmael (pbuh) to Hejaz. They were sent in a barren land which is in Mecca today. Abraham then prayed to G-d to protect his family there and he returned home in Palestine. Hajar lived there alone with baby Ishmael (pbuh). She have to find water for herself and her baby so she slowly ran between Safa and Marwa hills. Later when she came back to her tent she found a water source at the feet of her baby. The water source then became an oasis and the well was known as Zumzum. The efforts of Hajar searching for water is now included in Manasik Hajj (the pilgrimage rituals). It is known as Sa'ie (Effort).
Then a caravan of Jurhum sub-tribe of Qahtan Arabs from South arrived and they asked Hajar permission the live with them near the water source. The generous lady permitted them and she said that as long nobody trying to conquer the water source she will be happy to live with everyone.
Abraham (pbuh) always visiting Mecca. One day he happened to receive dreams. He thought the dream is from Satan but the dreams kept happened. It is about he is slaughtering his son Ishmael (pbuh). In Jews and Christians "Bible," it is said that Isaac being slaughtered (Genesis 22: 1 - 14). In which place Isaac being slaughtered I do not know. Why is it different to I do not know. I believe in every knowledge being used in searching the truth. Everyone is free to believe what they want to believe. I believe Jews still love the Dominion rather than Brotherhood which G-d promotes that made certain things in the Bible changed. You don't like anything in the scripture just change it without any fear to G-d, we can not see G-d, so no need to fear Him.
Ishmael (pbuh) lived with the Jurhum Arabs and he learned their language. He also married a Jurhum lady. Ishmael (pbuh) was annointed the prophet for the inhabitants of Hejaz. G-d had also ordered Abraham (pbuh) and Ishmael (pbuh) to build up the structure of Kaaba (that cubicle building). After finish, Abraham (pbuh) have to inform the people of Hejaz that he and his son had build a House of Worship to worship Him. Abraham (pbuh) too had prayed to G-d so that He will grant peace to this city of Mecca and the inhabitants receiving bountiful of blessings. Human from around the world then performing pilgrimage and worship acts there. Abraham (pbuh) too prayed that one day from his descendant and from Ishmael descendant there will be a prophet to teach the "Book" and the "Wisdom" to human-being.
The prayers of Abraham (pbuh) were all granted by G-d. He had sent Muhammad (pbuh) and also had made the pilgrimage to Mecca a pillar in the religion. You can read all of this in:
Surah al-Baqarah vs. 124, 131, and 258
Surah Aali-Imran vs. 96 - 97
Surah al-Ana'am vs. 74 - 84
Surah Ibrahim vs. 35 - 37
Surah Maryam vs. 41 - 49
Surah al-Anbiyaa' vs. 51 - 72
Surah as-Syuraa' vs. 60 - 89
Surah as-Saffat vs. 83 - 111
Other than Ishmael (pbuh), Abraham (pbuh) too has another son whose name is Isaac (pbuh). He was born by Sarah after Ishmael (pbuh) was born by Hajar. Isaac have the son Jacob (his other name is Israel).
Ishmael (pbuh) had 12 sons. 11 of them had their descendants extinct and only the descendants of Adnan survive. From Adnan, the children of Ishmael expanded.
malayloveislam
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From here we can see that the Arabs are:
i. The children of Qahthan, from the flood that ruined Sheba kingdom they fled to the lands around Arabian Peninsula. Some of them had established kingdoms again.
ii. The children of Ishmael or Adnan. They are the descent of Ishmael the son of Abraham (pbuh). They live in Hejaz, Tihamah, Nejed, and Iraq. The children of Ishmael had no proper kingdoms. They only live nomadic life with Syeikhs or Amirs that becoming their tribal chief. There are of several sub-tribes. Among them is the Quraisy. Quraisy settled in the city of Mecca.
i. The children of Qahthan, from the flood that ruined Sheba kingdom they fled to the lands around Arabian Peninsula. Some of them had established kingdoms again.
ii. The children of Ishmael or Adnan. They are the descent of Ishmael the son of Abraham (pbuh). They live in Hejaz, Tihamah, Nejed, and Iraq. The children of Ishmael had no proper kingdoms. They only live nomadic life with Syeikhs or Amirs that becoming their tribal chief. There are of several sub-tribes. Among them is the Quraisy. Quraisy settled in the city of Mecca.
here are some posts i've made in another section, some parts not being totally relevant. the MOST relevant, i put in red:
A VERY SIMILAR thing happens when Christians look at the Torah and Tanakh! Everything, and I mean EVERYTHING is taken as referring to Jesus, ad naseum and others will kick and scream and hold their breath insisting that there is absolutely nothing in either which prophesies Islam. It’s hard to believe, I know, but still they are like that, especially if you bring up Melchizedek!
My intent is to address this:
Quote:
Originally posted by Grace Seeker You never addressed my finally comment: Look again at the verse you quoted: "I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their brothers; I will put my words in his mouth, and he will tell them everything I command him." Who is referred to by the term "them"?
This is a valid question, can we use the Torah, as it is today to attempt to discover the identity of “them?” I’m pretty sure that we can, so lets’ take a look at the event which brings us to Mt.’s Sinai & Horeb. It’s called EXODUS! So, let’s look there to see if we can find any clues.
Now, I’m sure that we can all agree that the descendants of Jacob are at times referred to as the “children of Israel”, AND we know that Ishmael is Jacob’s Uncle, so in that manor, they ARE brethren. But let’s take a look at Exodus to see what we can learn there. What we find is a term from Genesis itself used to differentiate the “children of Israel” from the Egyptians, and that is the term Hebrews. The term itself is from an ancestor of Abraham, a descendant of Shem, Eber. Now, the descendants of Shem are referred to as Semites and those of Eber as Hebrews. In the 11th Chapter of Genesis we read in part” …and Shem begot Arpachshad…and Arpachshad begot Shelah…and Shelah begot Eber. So we see here that Eber is Shem’s great grandson. Reading further we read: and Eber begot Peleg…and Peleg begot Reu…and Reu begot Serug...and Serug begot Nahor…and Nahor begot Terah…and Terah begot Abram. That makes Eber Abraham’s great-great-great-great grandfather! (And Shem his great-great-great-great-great-great-great grandfather! Phew!)
In chapter 9 verse 26 of Genesis we read in part: Blessed be the LORD, the God of Shem; and let Canaan be his servant. One wonders why the Lord is called the God of Shem. We find an “undercover” clue in Genesis chapter 14, to wit:
17 After Abram returned from defeating Kedorlaomer and the kings allied with him, the king of Sodom came out to meet him in the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the King's Valley).
18 Then Melchizedek king of Salem [d] brought out bread and wine. He was priest of God Most High, 19 and he blessed Abram, saying,
"Blessed be Abram by God Most High,
Creator [e] of heaven and earth.
20 And blessed be [f] God Most High,
who delivered your enemies into your hand."
Then Abram gave him a tenth of everything.
So who is this mysterious Melchizedek, priest of God Most High? First of every Christian and his brother will of course say “its Jesus, Jesus!” Why, because that’s what Christians do with the Tanakh, they try to turn everything into Jesus!
But what do the Jewish say about our mysterious high priest? Lets look at the notes for verse 18 in the Artscroll Tanach Series Bereishsis/ Genesis A New Translation with a Commentary Anthologized From Talmudic, Midrashic and Rabbinic Sources Translation and commentary by Rabbi Meir Zlotowitz with Overviews by Rabbi Nosson Scherman and a Foreword by HaGoan HaRav Mordechai Gifter, published by Mesorah Publication Ltd:
…The sages unanimously identify Malchizedek, King of Salem as Shem, son of Noah (Rashi). He was so called because he was king [melech] over a place known for its righteousness [zedek] (Ibn Ezra); a place which would not tolerate any form of injustice or abomination for an extended time period (Radak); or, according to Ramban, because he ruled over the future site of the Temple, home of the zedek, the righteous Shechinah, which was known even then to be sacred. Thus, Malchizedek might designate him as “king of the place of zedek, righteousness.”
Just below wee see a reference to Shem on 10:21, among others, which reads in part: Why should the Torah associate him (Shem) with Eber more than any other of his offspring? …Shem was the primogenitor of all the descendants of Eber from who came forth the Hebrews (Radak, Ibn Ezra)…Although Shem had may descendants, Eber’s children were the most favored of his offspring because they were righteous like him (Arbarbanel). Sforno comments that those who believed in god were called I(b)rim, after Eber their teacher. Shem, because he was also their teacher, is called the “father” of Eber’s “children” meaning his “students”, because students are called the children of their teacher. [As a side note, it is also Jewish a belief that Jacob spent 14 years engaged at the Academy of Eber in Jerusalem]
Back to the notes on 14:18: Ramban explains that Shem was the most honored among the generation of Canaanites, and he therefore became the priest of God the most high in Jerusalem…
Back to the topic at hand, is the term Hebrew used in the Exodus story? Why yes it is, in fact is used at least 9 times:
Chapter 1:15 The king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives, whose names were Shiphrah and Puah, 16 "When you help the Hebrew women in childbirth and observe them on the delivery stool, if it is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, let her live." 17 The midwives, however, feared God and did not do what the king of Egypt had told them to do; they let the boys live. 18 Then the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and asked them, "Why have you done this? Why have you let the boys live?"
19 The midwives answered Pharaoh, "Hebrew women are not like Egyptian women; they are vigorous and give birth before the midwives arrive."
2:6 She opened it and saw the baby. He was crying, and she felt sorry for him. "This is one of the Hebrew babies," she said.
7 Then his sister asked Pharaoh's daughter, "Shall I go and get one of the Hebrew women to nurse the baby for you?"
11 One day, after Moses had grown up, he went out to where his own people were and watched them at their hard labor. He saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his own people. 12 Glancing this way and that and seeing no one, he killed the Egyptian and hid him in the sand. 13 The next day he went out and saw two Hebrews fighting. He asked the one in the wrong, "Why are you hitting your fellow Hebrew?"
21:2 "If you buy a Hebrew servant, he is to serve you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free, without paying anything.
Now, even more phenomenally, the God of the Patriarchs transforms into none other than the God of the Hebrews! We see this at least 6 times:
Exodus 3:18
"The elders of Israel will listen to you. Then you and the elders are to go to the king of Egypt and say to him, 'The LORD, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. Let us take a three-day journey into the desert to offer sacrifices to the LORD our God.
Exodus 5:3
Then they said, "The God of the Hebrews has met with us. Now let us take a three-day journey into the desert to offer sacrifices to the LORD our God, or he may strike us with plagues or with the sword."
Exodus 7:16
Then say to him, 'The LORD, the God of the Hebrews, has sent me to say to you: Let my people go, so that they may worship me in the desert. But until now you have not listened
Exodus 9:1
Then the LORD said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh and say to him, 'This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: "Let my people go, so that they may worship me."
Exodus 9:13
Then the LORD said to Moses, "Get up early in the morning, confront Pharaoh and say to him, 'This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go, so that they may worship me
Exodus 10:3
So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to him, "This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: 'How long will you refuse to humble yourself before me? Let my people go, so that they may worship me.
So the “God of the Exodus” in fact becomes the God of the righteous descendants of Shem through his “son” Eber! Now if we apply this to Deuteronomy18: 18, we get:
17 The LORD said to me: "What they say is good. 18 I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among “the righteous descendants of Shem through his “son” Eber”; I will put my words in his mouth, and he will tell them everything I command him.
We now have a translation that is correct as well as accurate that CAN apply to a descendant of Eber in the form of ANY descendant of Ishmael!
Its fascinating isn't it? Now I can already hear the Christians questioning whether or not Ishmael and his descendants have any claim to the title righteous! Well, that’s part 2, Insha’ Allah!
Was Ishmael righteous?
Most of us remember Ishmael in Genesis by the comment, he shall be “a wild-ass of a man” and some consider him to be somehow illegitimate.
Let us clear up these misconceptions. For sources we’ll use The Stone Edition Chumash The Torah, Haftaros and Five Megillos with A Commentary Anthologized From The Rabbinic Writings by Mesorah Publishing as well as the Artscroll Tanach Series Bereishsis/ Genesis A New Translation with a Commentary Anthologized From Talmudic, Midrashic and Rabbinic Sources Translation and commentary by Rabbi Meir Zlotowitz with Overviews by Rabbi Nosson Scherman and a Foreword by HaGoan HaRav Mordechai Gifter, published by Mesorah Publication Ltd, hereafter referred to as the Chumash or Bereishsis/ Genesis respectively.
From the Chumash we read 16:3, So Sarai, Abram’s wife, took Hagar the Egyptian, her maidservant – after 10 years of Abram’s dwelling in the Land of Canaan – and gave her to Abram her husband, to him as a wife. He consorted with Hagar and she conceived; and when she saw that she had conceived, her mistress was lowered in her esteem.
16 The Birth of Ishmael. Despite their spiritual riches and Godly assurances, Abraham and Sarah were still heartbroken at their barrenness, for without heirs they would not be able to continue the mission of Bringing God’s teaching to mankind. Recognizing that it was she who was infertile, Sarah suggested that Abraham marry her maidservant Hagar, and, if a son were born, Sarah would raise him, so that he would be considered her adopted child.
Hagar was a daughter of Pharaoh. After seeing the miracles that were brought on Sarah’s behalf when she was abducted and taken to his palace, he gave her to Hagar, saying, “Better that she be a servant in their house, than a princess in someone else’s.” So it was that Hagar, an Egyptian princess, became Abraham’s wife and bore him Ishmael.
In the notes to verse 4 – Her mistress was lowered. Hagar brazenly boasted to the ladies, “Since so many years have passed without Sarai having children, she cannot be as righteous as she seems. But I conceived immediately!” (Rashi). Now that Hagar had assured Abraham’s posterity, she no longer felt subservient to Sarah (Radak).
A few notes about Sarah and Hagar from verses 6 – 8:
Verse 6 “your maidservant is in your hand; do to her as you see fit.” To me she is a wife; and I have no right to treat her unkindly. But to you she is a servant; if she mistreats you, do what you feel is right. (Radak; Haamek Davar). Sarah’s intent was not malicious, but to force Hagar to cease from her insulting demeanor. But instead of acknowledging Sarah’s superior position, Hagar fled (Arbarbanel; Sforno).
Rabbi Aryeh Levin noted that it is congruous to believe that a woman as righteous as Sarah would persecute another human being out of personal pique. Rather, Sarah treated Hagar as she always had, but in the light of Hagar’s newly inflated self-image, she took it as persecution.
We’ll leave the issue of Hagar for the moment except to pause to list the prophecies about Ishmael AT THIS TIME:
V10 And an Angel of Hashem said to her, “I will greatly increase your offspring, and they will not be counted for abundance.”
V 11 And an Angel of Hashem said to her, “Behold, you will conceive, and give birth to a son; his name shall be Ishmael, for Hashem has heard your prayer. And he shall be a wild-ass of a man; his hand against everyone, and everyone’s hand against him; and over all his brothers shall he dwell.”
The prophecy in verse 10 sounds VERY familiar to ones about Abraham’s’ descendants, while verse 11 gives us our other prophecy. We will return to Hagar later, Insha’ Allah.
Let us return to matter relating to Israel’s uncle Ishmael. In chapter 17, Chumash, God is speaking to Abraham about their covenant and promising a son through Sarah, Abraham interrupts God:
v18 And Abraham said to God, “Oh that Ishmael might live before You!” God said, “Nonetheless, your wife Sarah will bear you a son and you shall call his name Isaac…v 20 But regarding Ishmael I have heard you; I have blessed him, will make him fruitful, and will increase him most exceedingly; he will beget twelve princes and I will make him into a great nation…”
Part of the notes for this verse read: “We see from the prophecy in this verse, that 2337 years elapsed before the Arabs, Ishmael’s descendants, became a great nation [with the rise of Islam in the 7th Century C.E.]…Throughout this period, Ishmael hoped anxiously, until the promise was fulfilled and they dominated the world. We the descendants of Isaac, for whom the fulfillment of the promises made to us is delayed due to our sins…should surely anticipate the fulfillment of God’s promises and not despair” (R’ Bachya citing R’ Chananel).
Bereishsis/ Genesis adds: R’ Bachya cites R’ Chananel’s comment on this verse: We see from this prophecy [in the year 2047 from Creation, when Abraham was ninety-nine], 2337 years elapsed before the Arabs, Ishmael’s descendants, became a great nation. [This would correspond to 624 C.E, two years after the H(ijra)!…] to be honest, I totally missed the hijra comment the first time I read this because I wasn’t a Muslim and I didn’t know what they meant by hegira! But we do have one prophecy that at least according to the Jews, puts Islam as an Old Testament prophecy!
I got lazy and copied this from the Jewish Publication Society, the first half of Genesis chapter 25:
1 And Abraham took another wife, and her name was Keturah.
2 And she bore him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah
3 And Jokshan begot Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Asshurim, and Letushim, and Leummim.
4 And the sons of Midian: Ephah, and Epher, and Hanoch, and Abida, and Eldaah. All these were the children of Keturah.
5 And Abraham gave all that he had unto Isaac.
6 But unto the sons of the concubines, that Abraham had, Abraham gave gifts; and he sent them away from Isaac his son, while he yet lived, eastward, unto the east country.
7 And these are the days of the years of Abraham's life which he lived, a hundred threescore and fifteen years
8 And Abraham expired, and died in a good old age, an old man, and full of years; and was gathered to his people.
9 And Isaac and Ishmael his sons buried him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron the son of Zohar the Hittite, which is before Mamre;
10 the field which Abraham purchased of the children of Heth; there was Abraham buried, and Sarah his wife.
11 And it came to pass after the death of Abraham, that God blessed Isaac his son; and Isaac dwelt by Beer-lahai-roi.
12 Now these are the generations of Ishmael, Abraham's son, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah's handmaid, bore unto Abraham.
13 And these are the names of the sons of Ishmael, by their names, according to their generations: the first-born of Ishmael, Nebaioth; and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam,
14 and Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa;
15 Hadad, and Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedem;
16 these are the sons of Ishmael, and these are their names, by their villages, and by their encampments; twelve princes according to their nations
17 And these are the years of the life of Ishmael, a hundred and thirty and seven years; and he expired and died; and was gathered unto his people.
18 And they dwelt from Havilah unto Shur that is before Egypt, as thou goest toward Asshur: over against all his brethren he did settle.
Let’s begin with the part dealing with Ishmael first. We see in verse 9 that both Isaac and Ishmael buried their Abraham, what does this tell us? Well, for one, we can confirm that there was NEVER a time during Abraham’s life when Isaac was Abraham’s firstborn, NOR was there EVER a time during Abraham’s life when Isaac was to Abraham “your son, your only son”. Those terms could ONLY be used to describe Ishmael, Abraham’s firstborn son. But we are not here to speculate who changed THAT story!
In Bereishsis/ Genesis, the notes for verse 17. Ishmael’s age is given because it assists in calculations with respect to [dating the various events which occurred during the life of] Jacob (Rashi [Yevamos 64a]) [and this is footnoted, which reads in part: 1 Rashi goes on to explain that we calculate from Ishmael’s age at his death that Jacob attended the Academy of Eber for fourteen years from the time he left his fathers’ house to the time he arrived at Laban’s house (as explained in Megillah 17a); to which we have the sub footnote: [Briefly, according to the data cited in Megillah 17a, when Jacob stood before Pharaoh he should have been 116 years old, yet Jacob himself gave his age as 130(Gen. 47:9). The discrepancy is explained by the fact that he spent fourteen years in the Academy of Eber after leaving his fathers’ house.]
According to Ramban [to this verse but cited in v12] Ishmael’s age is noted here because he repented and the age of the righteous is generally stated. Rashbam holds that it is recorded as a mark of honor for Abraham. Since the torah had mentioned Abraham’s age at Ishmael’s birth, and Ishmael’s age when he underwent circumcision. It now concludes by mentioning his lifespan. Further on we read Rashi comments that…is only mentioned in the case of righteous people [such as Ishmael, since he repented…]…
According to R’ Bachya it [the phrase “and was gathered unto his people”] is based the use in our verse of both expired and died – which refer to the death only of the righteous – and the Sages said that Ishmael repented of his evil ways.
So whatever ill will the Jews may harbor against Ishmael [that they say he had “evil” ways], he is cleared of any error and claimed by JEWISH Sages to be “of the righteous!” note the similarity in regards to Abraham in verse 8 And Abraham expired, and died in a good old age, an old man, and full of years; and was gathered to his people. Compared to of Ishmael in verse 17 And these are the years of the life of Ishmael, a hundred and thirty and seven years; and he expired and died; and was gathered unto his people.
Also, consider that we saw in the notes to Genesis 16 “that Abraham and Sarah were still heartbroken at their barrenness, for without heirs they would not be able to continue the mission of Bringing God’s teaching to mankind. Recognizing that it was she who was infertile, Sarah suggested that Abraham marry her maidservant Hagar, and, if a son were born, Sarah would raise him, so that he would be considered her adopted child.” This tells us that it was the intent of Abraham and Sarah to raise Ishmael “so that he would be considered her adopted child!” it stands within reason but our case doesn’t rely solely on it, that in their job of “parenting” Ishmael [up until the birth of Isaac] that they would have sent him to the “Academy of Eber in Jerusalem” for proper training in the “mission of Bringing God’s teaching to mankind.” So from Ishmael's beginning and again at the end of his life we can put him in the category of the “sons” of Eber, and thus an Hebrew.
We will take another look at Hagar, just in case any see her as a reason to disqualify Ishmael as one of the “righteous.” Let’s look again at 25:1, And Abraham took another wife, and her name was Keturah.
The notes say that there is a Hebrew word in the phrase which means “again” which would literally mean: And Abraham again took a wife, which is interpreted by the Sages to intimate the Abraham remarried to before: Hagar.
Keturah is Hagar, who received this name because her deeds were as beautiful as incense [ketores]; also because she remained chaste…from the time she had separated from Abraham (Midrash; Rashi).
In 21:14 Rashi comments that Hagar reverted to the idolatry of her father’s house. How then does he now call her action “beautiful as incense?” – Rather, when she was expelled from Abraham’s household she felt forsaken even by his God and she intended to revert to her idolatrous ways. But when the miracle occurred at the well, she repented (Gur Aryeh).
The Zohar similarly comments that although she had relapsed into her ancestral idolatry, she later repented and changed her name, after which Abraham sent for and married her. From this we see that a change of name males atonement for guilt, for she made this change of name symbolic of her change of behavior.
[Immediately following this there is a note discussing some Hebrew phraseology which…denotes that Keturah was righteous and fit for Abraham.]
Although Hagar/Keturah was a first generation Egyptian and hence forbidden in marriage [see Deut.32: 9], nevertheless, since his first marriage to her was with God’s sanction, she remained permissible to him for remarriage as well. Furthermore, the Midrash [Bereishis Rabbah 60:4] specifically states that Abraham married Keturah/Hagar by Divine Command (Tur).
Targum Yonasan renders the verse: and Abraham took a wife, and her name was Keturah; she is Hagar who had been bound to him…from the beginning.
So we here additionally that if there were any ill feelings on the part of the Jews for Hagar, regardless of whether or not she is Keturah, the Jewish sources claim that not only was Hagar “permissible” for Abraham, but they actually speak quite highly of her considering the circumstances. Based on that I would reject any effort to disqualify Ishmael as a “son of Eber” based upon anything said about him or his mother, Hagar.
i hope that helps
malayloveislam
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This is the back ground of prophet Muhammad (pbuh) clan
The Quraisy clan of Mecca
After Abraham had build up the Kaaba structure in Mecca, the city became the most famous city in Hejaz land. People from around Arabian Peninsula performing pilgrimage there and also paying visit in the city. Long after that, Mecca evolved to be a business and trading center.
In the beginning Mecca was administrated by the children of Adnan (Ismaeli). The children of Adnan preserve and taking care the structure Kaaba. After the dam of Maareb was broken, a sub-tribe of Qahtani Arab had moved into the city Mecca. They are known as the Khuza'ah tribe. They had snatched the administration rights from the Ismaili.
Later the Quraisy, which is a sub-tribe and a clan in Ismaili Arabs was lead by an intelligent chief whose name is Qusai. His name is in the list of the ancestors of prophet Muhammad (pbuh). He managed to get back the key of Kaaba and chasing the Khuza'ah out from Mecca. The rights of taking care the Kaaba structure was then hold by the Quraisy clan of Ismaili Arabs. Qusai became a ruler, and he managed worldly and spiritual matters in Mecca. After he died the position was succeeded by his descent.
Because the Kaaba structure is respected by the people around Arabian Peninsula, many of them had performed pilgrimage there every year. The maintanence of the Kaaba was managed by the Quraisy clan because they were respected by all Arab tribes in Arabian Peninsula. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was born in this clan.
Quraisy Business
In the beginning, the Quraisy are very poor, their business is not so wide and only bounded in Mecca. One of their chif whose name is Hashim had traveled to Syria to meet the Byzantine emperor. He was granted a letter of guarantee for the Quraisy clan to travel safely in Syria for business purpose. So after that the Quraisy clan traveled for business twice every year. In summer they went to Syria, while in winter they went to Yemen.
The brothers of Hashim too went to meet the kings around and getting their own letter of guarantee for peace in business. Abdu Syam met the Negus of Ethiopia, Nawfal went to Persia to meet the emperor of Persia, and Abdul Mutallib the grand father of prophet Muhammad (pbuh) went to the governor of Yemen. After that, they can conduct their business more widely without being disturbed by anything when they travel to big cities in other territories. All the Arabs respecting the Quraisy for their success, and those tribes too dare not to disturb them. Then Quraisy continue to be the most prominent clan in Mecca. Read Surah Quraisy vs. 1 - 4 for their story.
The Quraisy clan of Mecca
After Abraham had build up the Kaaba structure in Mecca, the city became the most famous city in Hejaz land. People from around Arabian Peninsula performing pilgrimage there and also paying visit in the city. Long after that, Mecca evolved to be a business and trading center.
In the beginning Mecca was administrated by the children of Adnan (Ismaeli). The children of Adnan preserve and taking care the structure Kaaba. After the dam of Maareb was broken, a sub-tribe of Qahtani Arab had moved into the city Mecca. They are known as the Khuza'ah tribe. They had snatched the administration rights from the Ismaili.
Later the Quraisy, which is a sub-tribe and a clan in Ismaili Arabs was lead by an intelligent chief whose name is Qusai. His name is in the list of the ancestors of prophet Muhammad (pbuh). He managed to get back the key of Kaaba and chasing the Khuza'ah out from Mecca. The rights of taking care the Kaaba structure was then hold by the Quraisy clan of Ismaili Arabs. Qusai became a ruler, and he managed worldly and spiritual matters in Mecca. After he died the position was succeeded by his descent.
Because the Kaaba structure is respected by the people around Arabian Peninsula, many of them had performed pilgrimage there every year. The maintanence of the Kaaba was managed by the Quraisy clan because they were respected by all Arab tribes in Arabian Peninsula. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was born in this clan.
Quraisy Business
In the beginning, the Quraisy are very poor, their business is not so wide and only bounded in Mecca. One of their chif whose name is Hashim had traveled to Syria to meet the Byzantine emperor. He was granted a letter of guarantee for the Quraisy clan to travel safely in Syria for business purpose. So after that the Quraisy clan traveled for business twice every year. In summer they went to Syria, while in winter they went to Yemen.
The brothers of Hashim too went to meet the kings around and getting their own letter of guarantee for peace in business. Abdu Syam met the Negus of Ethiopia, Nawfal went to Persia to meet the emperor of Persia, and Abdul Mutallib the grand father of prophet Muhammad (pbuh) went to the governor of Yemen. After that, they can conduct their business more widely without being disturbed by anything when they travel to big cities in other territories. All the Arabs respecting the Quraisy for their success, and those tribes too dare not to disturb them. Then Quraisy continue to be the most prominent clan in Mecca. Read Surah Quraisy vs. 1 - 4 for their story.
malayloveislam
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Now let us check why the Arabs in Mecca became Pagan, while they are actually the followers of Abraham (pbuh) in the beginning
The religion of Arabs before Re-opening of Mecca War
There are several religions embraced by the Arabs before prophet Muhammad (pbuh) being revealed with the revelation. The Qahthan Arabs who are the pure Arabs of Mesopotamian origin embracing the religion of worshiping Solar system. After the flood of Maareb dam, the Qahthani had been separated to each other and moving to different areas of Arabian Peninsula. After moving several changes happened in their religious rituals. Those who still left in Yemen had accepted the calls of Jewish cohens who came from Yathrib (Madinah), thus they leave their solar system worship. Yousuf Zun Nuas is among the earliest Qahthani Arabs who embraced Judaism.
Those Qahthani who moved North which are the Ghassanides had embraced Christianity due to their closeness with Eastern Byzantine kingdom. Those who moved back to their ancestors' land in Mesopotamia which are the Manazirahs too did the same.
Among the inhabitants of Najran in Yemen too, there are the people who accept Jesus (pbuh) when the emissary from Byzantine empire arrived there in 343 C. Byzantine kingdom had accepted Christianity in 313 C during the reign of Constantine I (306-337 C). Due to that Christianity became the official religion of Roman Empire and being propagated by the emperors.
In Madinah too, among the Aus and Khazraj which are the Qahthani sub-tribes, there are those who embraced Judaism because they live near the Khaibar Jews which are the Nadhir clan and Quraizhah clan. Nadhir clan is an Arab clan not Jew, Quraizhah is the Jew clan.
As for Ishmaeli Arabs, in the beginning they embraced the religion of Abraham (pbuh) which is the religion of straight path. They too are those who manage the maintenance of Kaaba structure. However when the Khuzaah newcomer from Yemen came, they had snatched the rights of maintanence from Ismaili. Again the religious rituals of the people in Mecca were affected. A Khuzaah chief whose name is Abdullah Ben Luaiy had went for a business trip in Syria. There he met a tribe of Amelechites which are the Phonecians that worship idols. Then he asked them to give him an idol to be brought back to Mecca. The Phonecians gladly gave him an idol called Hubal. Abdullah Ben Luaiy then had placed Hubal in Kaaba structure. Thus this is how Pagan religion entered Mecca and the region of Hejaz. Kaaba which is the place to worship Holy G-d the One had then being used to worship the G-d through mediums (idols).
After Hubal being placed in Kaaba structure, they had made several other idols to be placed around Kaaba structure. Also the idols being placed in the Safa and Marwa hills where our mother, Hajar had performed sincere efforts in searching water. When people around performing pilgrimage they will ask the Khuzaah and the Quraisy clans about those idols and they answered that those idols are used as medium to communicate and being close to G-d. All of the Arab tribes around the Arabian Peninsula than imitating the acts of worshiping idols and they too made idols in their cities. Pagan religion then being spread wide around Arab lands.
The Pagan Arabs still believe that G-d is administrating the World and granting food or blessings but the idols are the medium to pray to Him. This is still in Polytheism definition in Islam. Tauhid in Islam means no glorifying the worldly materials whether from the earth or the sky. Also no pollution in the Oneness of G-d Creed. Acts of worship in Islam is only for G-d, and praying only to Him for any help. Islam prohibits the intercession, taking the medium, and asking helps from idols, statues, the souls of the dead, the soul of parents, the soul of the honorable persons, and others.
That is why, when prophet Muhammad (pbuh) had managed to get back the Holy City Mecca and entering the holy site of Kaaba structure in 20th Ramadhan 8 H/January 630 C), all the idols being destroyed and Kaaba structure being cleaned from the pollutions of idols and statues. There were about 360 idols around Kaaba and prophet (pbuh) had ordered all being destroyed and taken out from Kaaba. And then prophet asking his companions favor to destroy the idols around Mecca which are the al-Laat, al-Manaat, al-Uzza, Sawa' and others. After the event, Hejaz area is cleaned from Pagan religion.
Judaism and Christianity still exist in this time. Although these two religions too believing that G-d created the Universe but they also worship associations of G-d and praying to them (saints, prophets, church fathers, cohens and etc) like they pray to G-d. There is also the religion of Zoroaster believeing two G-ds, the Good and the Evil G-d but no Arabs embrace the religion. Christianity and Judaism is not visible anymore in Hejaz area after the re-opening event because many of the Arabs who embraced Judaism and Christianity embracing Islam together with the Pagan Arabs. Jews who had entered Arabian Peninsula were ordered to leave during the governance of our caliph Umar al-Khattab (13-23 H/634-644 C).
The religion of Arabs before Re-opening of Mecca War
There are several religions embraced by the Arabs before prophet Muhammad (pbuh) being revealed with the revelation. The Qahthan Arabs who are the pure Arabs of Mesopotamian origin embracing the religion of worshiping Solar system. After the flood of Maareb dam, the Qahthani had been separated to each other and moving to different areas of Arabian Peninsula. After moving several changes happened in their religious rituals. Those who still left in Yemen had accepted the calls of Jewish cohens who came from Yathrib (Madinah), thus they leave their solar system worship. Yousuf Zun Nuas is among the earliest Qahthani Arabs who embraced Judaism.
Those Qahthani who moved North which are the Ghassanides had embraced Christianity due to their closeness with Eastern Byzantine kingdom. Those who moved back to their ancestors' land in Mesopotamia which are the Manazirahs too did the same.
Among the inhabitants of Najran in Yemen too, there are the people who accept Jesus (pbuh) when the emissary from Byzantine empire arrived there in 343 C. Byzantine kingdom had accepted Christianity in 313 C during the reign of Constantine I (306-337 C). Due to that Christianity became the official religion of Roman Empire and being propagated by the emperors.
In Madinah too, among the Aus and Khazraj which are the Qahthani sub-tribes, there are those who embraced Judaism because they live near the Khaibar Jews which are the Nadhir clan and Quraizhah clan. Nadhir clan is an Arab clan not Jew, Quraizhah is the Jew clan.
As for Ishmaeli Arabs, in the beginning they embraced the religion of Abraham (pbuh) which is the religion of straight path. They too are those who manage the maintenance of Kaaba structure. However when the Khuzaah newcomer from Yemen came, they had snatched the rights of maintanence from Ismaili. Again the religious rituals of the people in Mecca were affected. A Khuzaah chief whose name is Abdullah Ben Luaiy had went for a business trip in Syria. There he met a tribe of Amelechites which are the Phonecians that worship idols. Then he asked them to give him an idol to be brought back to Mecca. The Phonecians gladly gave him an idol called Hubal. Abdullah Ben Luaiy then had placed Hubal in Kaaba structure. Thus this is how Pagan religion entered Mecca and the region of Hejaz. Kaaba which is the place to worship Holy G-d the One had then being used to worship the G-d through mediums (idols).
After Hubal being placed in Kaaba structure, they had made several other idols to be placed around Kaaba structure. Also the idols being placed in the Safa and Marwa hills where our mother, Hajar had performed sincere efforts in searching water. When people around performing pilgrimage they will ask the Khuzaah and the Quraisy clans about those idols and they answered that those idols are used as medium to communicate and being close to G-d. All of the Arab tribes around the Arabian Peninsula than imitating the acts of worshiping idols and they too made idols in their cities. Pagan religion then being spread wide around Arab lands.
The Pagan Arabs still believe that G-d is administrating the World and granting food or blessings but the idols are the medium to pray to Him. This is still in Polytheism definition in Islam. Tauhid in Islam means no glorifying the worldly materials whether from the earth or the sky. Also no pollution in the Oneness of G-d Creed. Acts of worship in Islam is only for G-d, and praying only to Him for any help. Islam prohibits the intercession, taking the medium, and asking helps from idols, statues, the souls of the dead, the soul of parents, the soul of the honorable persons, and others.
That is why, when prophet Muhammad (pbuh) had managed to get back the Holy City Mecca and entering the holy site of Kaaba structure in 20th Ramadhan 8 H/January 630 C), all the idols being destroyed and Kaaba structure being cleaned from the pollutions of idols and statues. There were about 360 idols around Kaaba and prophet (pbuh) had ordered all being destroyed and taken out from Kaaba. And then prophet asking his companions favor to destroy the idols around Mecca which are the al-Laat, al-Manaat, al-Uzza, Sawa' and others. After the event, Hejaz area is cleaned from Pagan religion.
Judaism and Christianity still exist in this time. Although these two religions too believing that G-d created the Universe but they also worship associations of G-d and praying to them (saints, prophets, church fathers, cohens and etc) like they pray to G-d. There is also the religion of Zoroaster believeing two G-ds, the Good and the Evil G-d but no Arabs embrace the religion. Christianity and Judaism is not visible anymore in Hejaz area after the re-opening event because many of the Arabs who embraced Judaism and Christianity embracing Islam together with the Pagan Arabs. Jews who had entered Arabian Peninsula were ordered to leave during the governance of our caliph Umar al-Khattab (13-23 H/634-644 C).
malayloveislam
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Customs of the Arabs before Islam arise again
Before prophet Muhammad (pbuh) being revealed with the revelation, Arabs had already have several traditions respected and preserved as they respect the law of religion.
When Islam arise again, there are certain customs still practiced but most of them are all canceled by Islam.
Among those customs which are accepted in Islam is cutting the hand of the thieves, white robe for the deaths cloth, fasting in certain days (such as in Passover/Asyura).
Also from the customs inherited from the religion of Abraham (pbuh):
khitan (circumcision), janabah (cleaning after sexual-intercourse), matrimonial with dowry in front of the guardians of women with witness, and thalaq (divorce) with three stages.
Other customs canceled by Islam, it is uncountable, here are some:
murdering daughters because afraid of humiliation, murdering children (son and daughters) because afraid of poverty, marrying two ladies which are sisters to each other, the inheritance of father's wife by the son after the death of father, marrying without wali (guardians of women), marrying without dowry to women, marrying without witness, tyranny to women by referring back after divorce when she is almost finishing iddah or menstrual not with good intention but to torture her by preventing her from marrying other man, and etc.
Also superstitious in Arab traditional customs prevented by Islam and canceled because it is not suitable with the development of human thinking.
Before prophet Muhammad (pbuh) being revealed with the revelation, Arabs had already have several traditions respected and preserved as they respect the law of religion.
When Islam arise again, there are certain customs still practiced but most of them are all canceled by Islam.
Among those customs which are accepted in Islam is cutting the hand of the thieves, white robe for the deaths cloth, fasting in certain days (such as in Passover/Asyura).
Also from the customs inherited from the religion of Abraham (pbuh):
khitan (circumcision), janabah (cleaning after sexual-intercourse), matrimonial with dowry in front of the guardians of women with witness, and thalaq (divorce) with three stages.
Other customs canceled by Islam, it is uncountable, here are some:
murdering daughters because afraid of humiliation, murdering children (son and daughters) because afraid of poverty, marrying two ladies which are sisters to each other, the inheritance of father's wife by the son after the death of father, marrying without wali (guardians of women), marrying without dowry to women, marrying without witness, tyranny to women by referring back after divorce when she is almost finishing iddah or menstrual not with good intention but to torture her by preventing her from marrying other man, and etc.
Also superstitious in Arab traditional customs prevented by Islam and canceled because it is not suitable with the development of human thinking.
malayloveislam
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The Arabic Language
The language of Qahthani is the language that used since the children of Qahthan moved from Mesopotamia down South to Yemen. While the Adnani Arab is the language of Ismaili Arabs. It is the language based from these languages spoken by Ishmael (pbuh):
1) Chaldean (this is the new name of Babylon)
This is the language of Abraham (pbuh) who is the father of Ishmael (pbuh)
2) Hyksos
The language spoken by mother Hajar (may G-d be please with her). This is the language used by Egyptian at the time where Hajar were granted as the servant to mother Sarah (may G-d be please with her). This is a Bedouine Arab language not Coptic.
3) Jurhum clan dialect of Qahthani
This language is mutual to the language of Himyarite kingdom. The grammar and style is the same with Ismaili Arabic language but some words especially Nouns and Verbs are different.
The language of Qahthani is the language that used since the children of Qahthan moved from Mesopotamia down South to Yemen. While the Adnani Arab is the language of Ismaili Arabs. It is the language based from these languages spoken by Ishmael (pbuh):
1) Chaldean (this is the new name of Babylon)
This is the language of Abraham (pbuh) who is the father of Ishmael (pbuh)
2) Hyksos
The language spoken by mother Hajar (may G-d be please with her). This is the language used by Egyptian at the time where Hajar were granted as the servant to mother Sarah (may G-d be please with her). This is a Bedouine Arab language not Coptic.
3) Jurhum clan dialect of Qahthani
This language is mutual to the language of Himyarite kingdom. The grammar and style is the same with Ismaili Arabic language but some words especially Nouns and Verbs are different.
Thanks everyone for all these very serious and important responds.
My questions to the Christians on this board, why in your opinion:
1) God did not fullfil his promise regarding Ismael?
2) Why do you think Ismael diqualifed to be Abraham's heir?
My questions to the Christians on this board, why in your opinion:
1) God did not fullfil his promise regarding Ismael?
2) Why do you think Ismael diqualifed to be Abraham's heir?