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Q:1 when did Muslim conquered Jerusalem?
Muslims conquered Jerusalem in 638 CE they allowed Jews to worship freely in the city
Q2:who was the second caliph of Islam ?
Sayyidna Umar, Radi-Allahu anhu, was the second Khalifah of Islam.
Q3:when did sayyidna Umar Radi-Allahu anhu born?
Sayyidna Umar, Radi-Allahu anhu, was born in the year 582 C.E.
Q:4WHy he was so famous?
In his youth, he was a famous wrestler and orator and was an expert in horse riding.
Q: 5Did he know reading and writing ?
He was well educated and also among the first people in Makkah who knew how to read and write.
Q: 6which kind of experience he had?
He gained a vast amount of experience by being a judge, a diplomat, and a very good public speaker.
Q: 7how did he earn his livelihood ?
As a young man, he earned his livelihood by trade.
Q:8his empire extended to ???
his empire extended over Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and other places.
Q: 9what happened In a dispute with an ordinary citizen?
Sayyidna Ubayy-Ibn Ka'ab, Sayyidna Umar, Radi-Allahu anhu, appeared as a defendant in the court of Sayyidna Zaid-Ibn-Thabit at Madinah. Sayyidna Zaid, Radi-Allahu anhu, wanted to pay respect to him but Sayyidna Umar, Rad-Allahu anhu, told him that this amounted to partiality. Thus under Sayyidna Umar, Radi-Allahu anhu, the principles of justice and equality were fully observed. In the same case, Sayyidna Ubayy, Radi-Allahu anhu, wanted Sayyidna Umar, Radi-Allahu anhu, to take oath, but the judge wanted to spare him because of the dignity of his office. Seeing this, the Khalifah admonished him, “You cannot be a just judge until a common man is equal to the Khalifah before you.” During that era, no one was above law. Even the Khalifah was questioned by the common man.
Q:10What do u know about great progress and advancements made by Sayyidna Umar, Radi-Allahu anhu?
Organized and systemized the Public Treasury
Established military offices
Kept a record of the population
Built many canals in different provinces
Developed many cities including Basra, Kufa, Cairo, etc
Provided housing for thousands of people
Set up official governments in all conquered territory
Established a police force
Carried out nightly patrols himself to check on the safety and needs of the public
Built rest houses and wells alongside various routes for the convenience of travelers
Provided assistance to needy Muslims and non-Muslims, etc.
Q:11Who was the chief officer of public treasury ?
The revenue of the state was deposited into the Baitul-Mal (Public Treasury). Abdullah-bin-Arqam was appointed the Chief Officer of this department.
Q: what were the sources of revenue ?
The main sources of revenue were:
1. Zakat – 2.5% of wealth for the poor. This was only applicable on Muslims.
2. Jizya - defence tax paid by non-Muslims living on Muslim lands (dhimmis). However, the poor, the sick and crippled, women, children, aged, priests, and monks were exempted from this.
3. Ushr – a special land tax on especially large holdings. (one tenth of produce)
4. Khiraj – a land tax
5. Ghanimah - one-fifth of the war booty
6. A tax on non-Muslim merchants and traders (because they didn’t pay Zakat, while Muslim traders did)
Q:1 when did Muslim conquered Jerusalem?
Muslims conquered Jerusalem in 638 CE they allowed Jews to worship freely in the city
Q2:who was the second caliph of Islam ?
Sayyidna Umar, Radi-Allahu anhu, was the second Khalifah of Islam.
Q3:when did sayyidna Umar Radi-Allahu anhu born?
Sayyidna Umar, Radi-Allahu anhu, was born in the year 582 C.E.
Q:4WHy he was so famous?
In his youth, he was a famous wrestler and orator and was an expert in horse riding.
Q: 5Did he know reading and writing ?
He was well educated and also among the first people in Makkah who knew how to read and write.
Q: 6which kind of experience he had?
He gained a vast amount of experience by being a judge, a diplomat, and a very good public speaker.
Q: 7how did he earn his livelihood ?
As a young man, he earned his livelihood by trade.
Q:8his empire extended to ???
his empire extended over Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and other places.
Q: 9what happened In a dispute with an ordinary citizen?
Sayyidna Ubayy-Ibn Ka'ab, Sayyidna Umar, Radi-Allahu anhu, appeared as a defendant in the court of Sayyidna Zaid-Ibn-Thabit at Madinah. Sayyidna Zaid, Radi-Allahu anhu, wanted to pay respect to him but Sayyidna Umar, Rad-Allahu anhu, told him that this amounted to partiality. Thus under Sayyidna Umar, Radi-Allahu anhu, the principles of justice and equality were fully observed. In the same case, Sayyidna Ubayy, Radi-Allahu anhu, wanted Sayyidna Umar, Radi-Allahu anhu, to take oath, but the judge wanted to spare him because of the dignity of his office. Seeing this, the Khalifah admonished him, “You cannot be a just judge until a common man is equal to the Khalifah before you.” During that era, no one was above law. Even the Khalifah was questioned by the common man.
Q:10What do u know about great progress and advancements made by Sayyidna Umar, Radi-Allahu anhu?
Organized and systemized the Public Treasury
Established military offices
Kept a record of the population
Built many canals in different provinces
Developed many cities including Basra, Kufa, Cairo, etc
Provided housing for thousands of people
Set up official governments in all conquered territory
Established a police force
Carried out nightly patrols himself to check on the safety and needs of the public
Built rest houses and wells alongside various routes for the convenience of travelers
Provided assistance to needy Muslims and non-Muslims, etc.
Q:11Who was the chief officer of public treasury ?
The revenue of the state was deposited into the Baitul-Mal (Public Treasury). Abdullah-bin-Arqam was appointed the Chief Officer of this department.
Q: what were the sources of revenue ?
The main sources of revenue were:
1. Zakat – 2.5% of wealth for the poor. This was only applicable on Muslims.
2. Jizya - defence tax paid by non-Muslims living on Muslim lands (dhimmis). However, the poor, the sick and crippled, women, children, aged, priests, and monks were exempted from this.
3. Ushr – a special land tax on especially large holdings. (one tenth of produce)
4. Khiraj – a land tax
5. Ghanimah - one-fifth of the war booty
6. A tax on non-Muslim merchants and traders (because they didn’t pay Zakat, while Muslim traders did)