Lost Islamic History

In the early 800s, a group of Muslim astronomers in Baghdad calculated that the earth's circumference is 40,253 km. Modern science has calculated it to be 40,068 km, just 200 km less.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/475985899175795



The first navy in Islamic history was built during the caliphate of Uthman ibn 'Affan :ra:. Because the Arabs were desert people, the navy was mostly built by Christians in Egypt and Syria who were happier with fair Muslim rule compared to the oppressive Byzantine rule they were under before Islam.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/476536859120699



Starting in the 800s, the Muslim world not only had independent pharmacies that produced and dispensed drugs, but it even had government officials whose job it was to check the effectiveness of drugs and punish people selling fake remedies.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/475978032509915



During the 1500s, the Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan built 477 buildings, including the landmark Suleymaniye and Selimiye Mosques in Istanbul and Edirne.

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Read more: The Greatest Architect of All Time

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/475981772509541



On this day (10 October 732), a Muslim army was defeated in Northern France at the Battle of Tours, halting Muslim expansion into Europe. Had they won, modern-day France, England, and Germany could have been part of the Muslim Empire. — in Tours, Centre, France.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/475927979181587

 
The world's first intercontinental flight took off over 380 years ago in Istanbul.

http://lostislamichistory.com/pioneers_of_aviation/

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In 1621, Dutch soldiers massacred over 10,000 Bandanese Muslims (in present-day Indonesia) to enforce their monopoly over the nutmeg trade.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/480163032091415



Because all Muslims must do the Hajj in Makkah once in their lives, that city has always been a meeting point of all the world's scholars. Imam al-Bukhari especially benefited from his time in that city.

Read more: http://lostislamichistory.com/imam-al-bukhari-and-the-science-of-hadith/

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/480160455425006



The Dongguan Mosque in Xining, China. Built in the 1300s. — in Xining, Qinghai, China.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...81339656251.1073741843.294891850618535&type=1



The Murabitun movement which was founded in 1040 in Morocco had three main goals:

Spreading righteousness,
Correction of injustice,
And eliminating un-Islamic taxes.

By 1100, they were one of the most powerful Muslim empires in world.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/480326242075094

 
A page of the Quran written by a Muslim slave in America, Ayub bin Sulayman, in the 1700s. He was originally from Senegal but was captured and forced to work in Maryland. He eventually escaped slavery and went on to live in England.

This page shows the beginning of Surat al-Ma'idah.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....356359904471729.84310.294891850618535&type=1



The last mosque commissioned by an Ottoman caliph. The Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque in Istanbul, built in 1886. — at Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...81339656251.1073741843.294891850618535&type=1



Ottoman military commanders and the Grand Mufti of the Ottoman Empire looking at a map of the Gallipoli Campaign during WWI.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



The Muslim world never experienced the conflict between religion and science that plagued Europe for centuries.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



The great 14th century historian Ibn Kathir began the section in "al-Bidaya wal-Nihaya" about the destruction of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258 with this verse from Surat al-Ra'd:

"Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves. And when Allah intends for a people ill, there is no repelling it. And there is not for them besides Him any patron."

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Read more: The Mongol Invasion and the Destruction of Baghdad
One of the most destructive times of Islamic history was the Mongol invasion in the 1200s. Learn what caused a scar on Muslim lands that took centuries to heal.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/478560715584980



Ottoman design drawings for military planes - 1914.

Like Ottoman History Picture Archives for more pictures like this!

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



In 947, the Muslim geographer al-Masudi drew a world map that included a continent labelled "the unknown land" across the ocean from Africa. That was over 500 years before Columbus.

http://lostislamichistory.com/columbus-was-not-the-first-to-cross-the-atlantic/

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



On this day (13 October 1918) the Young Turk dictatorship running the Ottoman Empire signed an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in WWI.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/477748148999570



Despite the political problems and wars going on during his lifetime in the 11th century, al-Biruni managed to become one of the greatest Muslim scientists of all time. Among his fields of study were geology, history, astronomy, mechanics, and linguistics.

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Read more: Al-Biruni: A Master of Scholarship

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/477741459000239

 
"It should be known that at the beginning of the dynasty, taxation yields a large revenue from small assessments. At the end of the dynasty, taxation yields a small revenue from large assessments."

Ibn Khaldun's political philosophy has been used by historians and politicians for centuries to explain the rise and fall of empires.

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Read more: How To Make Money - Ibn Khaldun and Taxes
The 40th president of the United States, Ronald Reagan famously stated in a piece in the New York Times in 1993, "May I offer you the advice of the 14th century Arab historian Ibn Khaldun, who...

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/481359508638434




The world's first intercontinental flight took off over 380 years ago in Istanbul.

http://lostislamichistory.com/pioneers_of_aviation/


Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



On this day (21 October 1798), Napoleon's army bombarded al-Azhar Mosque in Cairo, Egypt as punishment for an Egyptian uprising against French rule.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/481704021937316



Prayer in the Hagia Sophia Mosque in the 1890s.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1

 
On this day (23 October 1086), the Murabitun movement, led by Yusuf ibn Tashfin, defeated Alfonso VI of Castile, at the Battle of Sagrajas. The victory halted the Christian conquest of al-Andalus for generations.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/480262978748087



The minarets of Jamek Mosque in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Built in 1909. — at Masjid Jamek Kuala Lumpur.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...81339656251.1073741843.294891850618535&type=1


The Islamic history of coffee! [Warning! Contains music]



Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/483003028474082

 
The world's first reliable long-distance postal system was established by the Abbasids in the 9th century. Europe, Asia, and Africa were all linked by an advanced and secure mailing system.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/483223441785374



In the 800s, a cultural revolution occurred in Western Europe. Deodorant, glass cups, fashionable clothing, and shampoo were all popularized by the arrival of a cultural icon in al-Andalus: Ziryab.

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Read more: The Cultural Icon of al-Andalus


Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/483223025118749



In 1924, the caliphate, which existed from the time of Abu Bakr, was abolished by Mustafa Kemal and replaced with a secular Turkish republic.

Read more: How Atatürk Made Turkey Secular

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/483222398452145
 
91 years ago today (1 November 1922), the last Ottoman sultan was forced to leave power. The office of the caliphate would be abolished two years later.

This picture was taken as Sultan Mehmed VI left the palace for the final time.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1


On this day (1 November 1922), the last Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed VI is forced to abdicate by the Turkish parliament.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/486877438086641



On this day (1 November 1954), the Algerian War of Independence against France began.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/487188461388872



In 872, Ahmad ibn Tulun, the governor of Egypt, established a hospital in Cairo. It was the first hospital in history to have a special ward to treat mental illness.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/486646454776406



A medical manuscript from the 11th century Spanish Muslim physician, Ibn al-Kattani.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/arabic/ther8.html

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....346990278742025.82296.294891850618535&type=1



A news article from 1908 about the Zionist plan to purchase Palestine from the Ottomans, which was rejected by Sultan Abdulhamid II.

http://lostislamichistory.com/the-last-great-caliph-abdulhamid-ii/

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/486299838144401



The Ottoman Empire, in accordance with its own Shari'ah laws, allowed non-Muslims a form of autonomy according to their own religious traditions.

Such tolerance and acceptance of other religions was completely absent in the rest of Europe at the time, where wars dragged on for decades between Catholics and Protestants over the right to practice different forms of Christianity.

Read more: Non-Muslim Rights in the Ottoman Empire

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/486200204821031



In the 10th century, the Spanish Muslim surgeon, al-Zahrawi was the first to use catgut for internal stitches, since it is the only substance capable of dissolving into the body. It is still used in surgery today.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/485780591529659



A conversation that occurred in the 8th century between Imam Sufyan al-Thawri and the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur:

al-Thawri: Verily, I know of a man who is so important that if he becomes upright, the entire nation will become upright and good.
al-Mansur: Who is he?
al-Thawri: You.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/485915464849505



The Blue Mosque of Tabriz. Built in 1465 by the Kara Koyunlu Turks. — in Tabriz, Azarbayjan-e Bakhtari, Iran.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...26431355076.1073741826.294891850618535&type=1



On this day (29 October, 1956), Israel invaded the Sinai Peninsula in the Suez Canal Crisis.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/485766754864376



This was the flag that was raised by the Muslims of Valencia to indicate their surrender to the Kingdom of Aragon on 28 September, 1238.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



Coffee was originally discovered by Ethiopian or Yemeni Muslims in the 1400s. The word "mocha" comes from a Yemeni city, "java" is an Indonesian island known for its coffee beans, and the word "coffee" itself is a corruption of the Arabic "qahwa".

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/485707818203603



Many of the Enlightenment ideas that helped spur the American Revolution were borrowed from Muslim philosophers and scholars hundreds of years earlier.

Read more: How Muslims Helped Cause the American Revolution

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/484854728288912



The Giralda in Seville, Spain. It was originally built by the Muwahhidun Empire in 1198 as a minaret for the Great Mosque of the city. It was converted to a church bell tower upon the conquest of the city by Christians in 1248. — at Giralda.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...81339656251.1073741843.294891850618535&type=1



What role did Christians play in the Muslim conquest of Spain in 711? And what happened to them afterwards?

Read more: Christianity and the Muslim Conquest of Spain

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/484854388288946



Muslim understanding of medicine and disease was hundreds of years ahead of Europe. In the 14th century, Ibn al-Khateeb, a 14th century Spanish Muslim historian and poet, wrote about the causes of the bubonic plague, stating:

"The existence of contagion is well established through experience, research, sense perception, autopsy, and authenticated information, and this material is the proof." — in Granada, Andalucia, Spain.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/484458051661913



A modern minaret and mosque design in Ufa, Russia. Built in 1990. — in Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...81339656251.1073741843.294891850618535&type=1



A former mihrab in the madrasah (school) of Granada, Spain. It is now part of the Spanish University of Granada. — in Granada, Andalucia, Spain.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...55003102218.1073741842.294891850618535&type=1



The Madrasa of Granada, Spain built 1349. — in Granada, Andalucia, Spain.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...26431355076.1073741826.294891850618535&type=1



An Ottoman-era drawing of the Masjid al-Haram in Makkah in 1895 (1313 AH).

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



Bukharan prisoners of the Russian Empire in 1910.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...49945552724.1073741838.294891850618535&type=1



“O people! The responsibilities of the Caliphate have been thrust upon me without my desire or your consent. If you choose to select someone else as the Caliph, I will immediately step aside and will support your decision” - Caliph Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz (r. 717-720)

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/483859761721742



A medical prescription issued in the 1400s in Egypt with instructions on how to cure celiac disease.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



The law of cosines, which is used in trigonometry and generalized the Pythagorean theorem, was first discovered by the 15th century Muslim astronomer and mathematician, al-Kashi. In French it is still known as the Théorème d'Al-Kashi.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/483569348417450

 
The first country in the world to recognize American independence from Britain was a Muslim one: Morocco. This fact doesn't go well with the Islam vs. America narrative that some people like to perpetuate.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/488272104613841



On this day (3 November 1618), Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb Alamgiri was born.

Read more: Aurangzeb and Islamic Rule in India

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/486879021419816



On this day (3 November 644), Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second caliph, was assassinated in the Prophet's Mosque. — in Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/486878834753168

 
A rare copy of the Quran written in the 1700s in Aceh, Indonesia. Between the lines of Quranic verses is the translation in the Malay language.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....346990278742025.82296.294891850618535&type=1



On this day (7 November 1917), the British conquered Gaza from the Ottoman Empire.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/486879964753055

Read more: How the British Divided Up the Arab World



France's oldest mosque: The Grand Mosque of Paris, France. Built in 1926. — at Grande Mosquée de Paris.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...36081204110.1073741844.294891850618535&type=1



Egypt's oldest mosque: the Mosque of Amr ibn al-'As in Cairo. Built in 641. — in Cairo, Al Qahirah, Egypt.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...36081204110.1073741844.294891850618535&type=1



The Alhambra, the final monument of Muslim Spain. Built in the 1300s. — at La Alhambra.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



The great hadith scholar of the 15th century, Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, was married to another hadith scholar, Anas Khatun. She was known for her popular public lectures on hadith, that were attended by hundreds of men and women.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/489402091167509



The Larabanga Mosque in Larabanga, Ghana.

Ghana's oldest mosque. Built in 1421. — in Larabanga, Northern, Ghana.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...36081204110.1073741844.294891850618535&type=1



"Even if the Mufti of Constantinople were to send a missionary to preach Mohammedanism to us [the Americans], he would find a pulpit at his service." - Benjamin Franklin one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, in his autobiography.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/488981237876261



On this day (5 November 1911), Italy annexed the provinces of Tripoli and Cyrenaica, which they would combine with Fezzan to create Libya.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/486879461419772



Even after the Companions of the Prophet (S), some of the greatest Muslims have been converts.

Read more: 6 Great Converts To Islam

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/488468731260845



The oldest mosque in the Philipines, the Sheik Karim al-Makdum Mosque in Tawi-Tawi. It was established in 1380 by an Arab trader from Yemen. Although it has been rebuilt, four original wood pillars from the 14th century are still present.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



The Oldest Mosques in Each Country
Pictures of the oldest mosques by country. Streching from the 7th century to the 20th.



"Farewell, farewell Jaen, I shed my tears like a scattering of pearls.
I hate to leave you, but that is the judgement of time."

- An Andalusian poet, upon the conquest of Jaen by Christian Spaniards in 1245

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/488760314565020


"For whoever embarks on the study of history, they will end up in a beneficial imitation of the mindset of previous peoples in the subjects of religion and worldly matters." - Ibn Khaldun

Read more: The Importance of Studying History According to Ibn Khaldun

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/488467757927609



The facade of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria. Built in 715 CE.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...26431355076.1073741826.294891850618535&type=1



The dome of the Qaitbay Mosque in Cairo, Egypt. Built in 1474.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...26431355076.1073741826.294891850618535&type=1



Al-Zaytuna Mosque in Tunis, Tunisia. Built in 703 CE. — in Tunis, Qabis, Tunisia.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...81339656251.1073741843.294891850618535&type=1

 
[h=5]When Shari'ah law was implemented in the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Suleyman Kanuni in the 1500s, it led to mass Christian migration.

Christians left other parts of Europe to settle IN the Ottoman Empire due to the fair laws and low taxes implemented by Suleyman.[/h]
 
Pictures from 120 years ago of Ottoman Syria


Throughout world history, no other movement has grown as fast as Islam did in its first 100 years. What was special about Islam and the conditions it was born into that allowed it to grow so rapidly?

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Read more: What Was Special About Pre-Islamic Arabia?

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/491752837599101



As Islam spread throughout the Indian Ocean from Africa to the Malay Archipelago, it connected people of various cultures and languages. Thus, trade became easier and China, Southeast Asia, India, the Arabian Peninsula, Africa, and Europe were all connected by Muslim merchants.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/492551700852548



A scan of a 16th century Quran written in Spain. The verses are written in Arabic and the translation is written between the lines in Aljamiado.

Aljamiado was a writing style where Moriscos (Muslims in hiding) would write Romance languages (like Spanish, Portugese, or Mozarabic) using Arabic letters.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



People who claim that the Hadith literature cannot be verified as authentic have never studied Imam al-Bukhari's remarkably stringent criteria for Hadith.

Read more: Imam al-Bukhari and the Science of Hadith

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/492232630884455



Al-Badiya Mosque in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. It was built in the 1400s and is the oldest mosque in the UAE. — in Al Badiyah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...36081204110.1073741844.294891850618535&type=1



Kampung Laut Mosque in Kelantan, Malaysia. It was built in the 1700s and is the oldest mosque in Malaysia. — in Kelantan, Malaysia.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...36081204110.1073741844.294891850618535&type=1



If you were a Muslim living in Spain in the 1500s, you had to practice your religion in secret, since Islam was officially illegal. In an effort to weed out secret Muslims, the Spanish monarchs forced suspected Muslims to keep their doors open on Fridays, and invite "Old Christians" to their weddings to ensure that there were no Islamic practices going on.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/491778530929865



A 16th century map of the island of Malta by the Ottoman geographer, Piri Reis.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....348497528591300.82674.294891850618535&type=1



Allama Muhammad Iqbal at the Great Mosque of Cordoba, Spain in 1933. He was given special permission to pray in it, almost 700 years after it was converted into a church.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



A page from a 19th century copy of the Quran from Lamu, Kenya.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....356359904471729.84310.294891850618535&type=1



"He [Umar] has given them an assurance of safety for themselves for their property, their churches, their crosses, the sick and healthy of the city and for all the rituals which belong to their religion. Their churches will not be inhabited by Muslims and will not be destroyed."

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Read more: Jerusalem and Umar ibn al-Khattab

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/491753320932386



In 1453, the Ottomans conquered Constantinople, launching Islam into Eastern Europe, while still preserving the religious rights of Christians.

In 1492, the Spanish conquered Granada, the last outpost of Islam in Western Europe, and subsequently forced all Muslims in Spain to convert, leave, or die.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/491751610932557



When Shari'ah law was implemented in the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Suleyman Kanuni in the 1500s, it led to mass Christian migration.

Christians left other parts of Europe to settle IN the Ottoman Empire due to the fair laws and low taxes implemented by Suleyman.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/490089931098725



In 622, Banu Khazraj welcomed Prophet Muhammad (S) to Yathrib after he was exiled from Makkah.

In the 1200s, descendants of Banu Khazraj, the Nasrids, welcomed the followers of Prophet Muhammad (S) to Granada after they were exiled from the rest of Spain by the Reconquista.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/490089261098792



In the mid-1200s, when Imam al-Nawawi was studying in Damascus, there were over 300 institutes of learning throughout the city.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/490084344432617
 
In one week in 1258, between 200,000 and 1,000,000 people were killed in Baghdad by the Mongols.

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Read more: The Mongol Invasion and the Destruction of Baghdad

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/492234750884243



Ottoman sultans were known for having nicknames based on their characteristics. Sultan Bayezid II (r. 1481-1512) was nicknamed "Veli", Turkish for "the Saint" because he was known to prefer the company of scholars and religious people over government officials.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/493347847439600



In 755, the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur sent some Muslim soldiers to help the Chinese emperor. That began a centuries-long tradition of Chinese Muslims working at the highest levels of the military. Some of the greatest Chinese generals were Muslims, like:
Zheng He (15th century explorer)
Bai Chongxi (Chinese minister of war in the 1940s)
Ma Zhanshan (a leader of the Chinese resistance to the Japanese in WWII)

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/493765720731146



Deodorant was introduced to Western Europe by Ziryab, a cultural icon in Muslim Spain in the 800s.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/493347194106332



India's first mosque was built in 629, during the life of the Prophet Muhammad (S) in Kerala.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/493345310773187



The Emperor's Mosque in Sarajevo, Bosnia. Built in 1457, it is Bosnia's oldest mosque.

It is known as Careva Džamija in Bosnian and Hünkâr Camii in Turkish. — at Careva Dzamija.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...36081204110.1073741844.294891850618535&type=1



The mihrab of the Bou Inania Madrasa in Fes, Morocco. Built in 1351. — in Fes, Morocco.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...55003102218.1073741842.294891850618535&type=1



"Let no man lose is faith, for Allah created us out even less, and we are His. Let us hope for his divine mercy, which is even greater than all things put together. He will grant us the restoring of the throne of Islam, to the benefit of the Muslims of this peninsula. So let us not cease to call on Him, for He has promised to us more than He has yet given, might and powerful as He is."

- The conclusion to a tafsir of the Quran, written by a Muslim living in hiding in Spain in the 1500s, when Islam was outlawed.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/491791737595211



During the Portuguese conquest of the Melaka Sultanate in the 1500s, people who studied Muslim Malay martial arts (known as Silat) were hunted down by the colonialists and had to flee into rural areas. Even today the best Silat masters come from rural areas.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/492639954177056

 
The sine and cosine tables that many students learn in trigonometry classes today were first developed in the 800s by al-Khawarizmi.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/497162373724814



An illuminated page from a Quran copied in the Mughal Empire in the 1600s.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....356359904471729.84310.294891850618535&type=1



From the 15th to 17th centuries, the main chemistry textbook in Europe was a book written in the 800s in Iraq by al-Kindi.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/497161800391538



A minaret in Khiva, Uzbekistan. — in Khiva, Uzbekistan.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...81339656251.1073741843.294891850618535&type=1



The Suleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul was built in 1557 and had an air-filtration system that cleaned the air of soot from candles, which was then used to make ink for calligraphy pens.

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Read more: The Greatest Architect of All Time

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/495599023881149



The Ka'ba and the surrounding hills in the 1800s. — at ‎مكة المكرمة - الكعبة‎.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....374337522673967.87076.294891850618535&type=1



In 1861, the European powers drew arbitrary borders and declared a new nation known as "Lebanon" in the Middle East in order to weaken the Ottoman Empire.

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Read more: Who Invented Lebanon?

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/496672747107110



The al-Fakhariyya Minaret, built in 1278, is one of the minarets of the al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.

It is over 700 years old and has been controlled at times by the Mamluks, Mongols, Ottomans, British, Jordanians, and Israelis. — at Al Aqsa Mosque.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...81339656251.1073741843.294891850618535&type=1



On this day (19 November 1095), the Council of Clermont, led by Pope Urban II, began discussing sending Crusaders to conquer Jerusalem.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/492221907552194



1300 years of Islamic History in 3 minutes!


Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/496307453810306



In the 10th century, Ibn al-Haytham accurately calculated the depth of the atmosphere, using only the diffraction of sunlight.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/496237583817293



On this day (19 November 636), the Muslims defeated the Persians at the Battle of Qadisiya. The victory led to the end of Persian power in Iraq.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/492220774218974



In 1511, the Portuguese conquered the city of Malacca. The city's government buildings and mosques were destroyed in order to build the a Portuguese fortress.

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Read more: The Sultanate of Malacca

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/495597953881256



In the mid-1200s, Ibn al-Nafis discovered that blood from the heart is pumped into the lungs, back to the heart, and then out to the rest of the body. His works were lost for centuries, and only rediscovered in 1924.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/495863750521343



Even over 1,000 years after the conquest of the Middle East and North Africa by Muslims, sizable Christian populations remain due to the Muslim policy of not forcing people to convert.

Read more: Did Islam Spread by the Sword?

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/495596883881363



A minaret in Linxia City, China. — in Linxian, China.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...81339656251.1073741843.294891850618535&type=1



The interior of Masjid Omar Kampong Melaka, Singapore's oldest mosque. Originally built in 1820, and rebuilt most recently in the 1980s. — at Masjid Omar Kampung Melaka.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...36081204110.1073741844.294891850618535&type=1



The mihrab of the Fatih Mosque in Istanbul. Built in 1463 by Mehmed II after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople. It was rebuilt after being destroyed in an earthquake in 1771. — at Fatih Camii.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...55003102218.1073741842.294891850618535&type=1



In 1454, a Jewish rabbi living in the Ottoman Empire sent a letter to Jews throughout Europe encouraging them to immigrate to Ottoman lands, where they could enjoy freedom of religion. He said that “here every man dwells at peace under his own vine and fig tree.”

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/494754013965650



"If we object to natural science, then clothing, food, and shelter could not be talked about."
- Hu Songshan, a Chinese Muslim scholar, making an argument for the inclusion of science as part of Islamic school curriculums in China.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/494533723987679



Ottoman sultans would sign their names on official documents with elaborate and beautiful signatures, known as Tughras, that were very difficult to forge.

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Read more: Ottoman Tughra Calligraphy

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/493348677439517



The minaret of the Djinguereber Mosque in Timbuktu, Mali. Built in 1327. — in Timbuktu, Mali.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...81339656251.1073741843.294891850618535&type=1

 
Some of those minaret designs are really interesting - do minarets follow any set of criteria? Like churches are basically laid out in a cross design, are there any "rules" to building minarets?
 
observer said:
Some of those minaret designs are really interesting - do minarets follow any set of criteria? Like churches are basically laid out in a cross design, are there any "rules" to building minarets?
Click to expand...
There's no set of criteria such as height or number of minarets. But there is "style" such as Ottoman style, Mediteranian, South Asia, Malay, etc.
 
Contrary to popular belief, Aurangzeb was not a bigoted temple destroyer. In fact, he allowed more temples to be built in some parts of India than any other Mughal ruler.

Read more: Aurangzeb and Islamic Rule in India

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/503530969754621



When the Ottoman Empire attempted to reform in the 1800s along European lines, French educational advisors persuaded Ottoman educators to prize science and math over liberal arts. The result was that the most intelligent students were encouraged to pursue the sciences. Medicine and engineering began to be seen as the most important and valuable jobs.

This system lives on today in the Arab world, where only students who score the highest in their Tawjihi or Baccalaureate exams in secondary school are given the opportunity to pursue careers in medicine and engineering. The students who score the lowest are allowed to study education, religion, and literature.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/502168813224170



The minbar of the Great Mosque of Kairouan is an excellent example of the interconnectedness of the Muslim world.

It was built in the 800s from teak wood from India and Java (modern-day Indonesia) which was then carved in Iraq by expert artists before being shipped to North Africa, where it still resides today.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



The mihrab of the Šarena Džamija in Tetovo, Macedonia. It was originally built in 1438 by two sisters, and was reconstructed in the 1800s.

It is known for its intricate paintings both inside and outside the mosque. — in Tetovo, Macedonia.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...55003102218.1073741842.294891850618535&type=1



During the 1500s, coffee houses in Istanbul attracted writers, poets, scholars, and government workers. They were thus known as "mekteb-i irfan" meaning "schools of knowledge".

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/502178739889844



As the Ottoman Empire declined in the 1600s and 1700s, Western Europe began to grow and become more powerful. This led to a distrust among many in the Muslim world for anything that came from the West, including beneficial scientific knowledge. The result of this was that the Ottomans fell even further behind the West intellectually as they refused to innovate and progress.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/502167756557609



"The small-pox, so fatal, and so general amongst us [the British, is here entirely harmless...I am patriot enough to take the pains to bring this useful invention into fashion in England."

-Lady Mary Wortley Montagu in 1717, in a letter introducing England to the Muslim invention of vaccination, which was common in the Ottoman Empire when she visited it.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/502643536510031



The mihrab of the Mosque of Umar in Jerusalem. Built on the spot where he prayed outside of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...55003102218.1073741842.294891850618535&type=1



The minaret of the Koutoubia Mosque in Marrakesh, Morocco. It was built in 1184 by the Muwahhidun movement (Almohads). — at Koutoubia.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...81339656251.1073741843.294891850618535&type=1



On this day (30 November, 1853) the Russian Navy destroyed an Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Sinop, starting the Crimean War.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/502085523232499



Some modern-day scientists, such as Neil deGrasse Tyson, make the claim that Imam al-Ghazali was against all forms of science and caused the Muslim world to turn away from scientific inquiry.

This is far from the truth, as Ghazali himself upheld the importance of science along with traditional Islamic scholarship.

Read more: Al-Ghazali and the Revival of Islamic Scholarship

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/502088643232187

 
A world map drawn in 1803 in the Ottoman Empire.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....348497528591300.82674.294891850618535&type=1



Calligraphic inscription above the entrance to Topkapi Palace in Istanbul. — at Topkapı Palace.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....356359904471729.84310.294891850618535&type=1



The Spanish called Muslims in Spain "Moors", so when they sailed around the world and conquered the Philippines in the 1500s, they called the Muslims there Moors as well.

Since then, the Moro Muslims of the Philippines have struggled for 500 years to re-establish Islamic rule in the southern part of the country, known as Bangsamoro.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/501753826599002



Records exist of Muslims from Spain and West Africa crossing the Atlantic Ocean in the 900s and 1300s. Hundreds of years before Columbus did it in 1492.

Read more: Columbus Was (Not) The First To Cross The Atlantic

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/501528109954907



The four minarets of the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne, Turkey. Built in 1574. — at Edirne Selimiye Camii.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...81339656251.1073741843.294891850618535&type=1



One of the world's oldest surviving Arabic inscriptions is inside the Dome of the Rock, built in 691 and part of the al-Aqsa Mosque.

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Read more: The al-Aqsa Mosque Through the Ages: Part 1

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/499153606859024



The Malé Friday Mosque, the oldest mosque in the Maldives. It was built in 1658 and is mostly constructed out of coral stone. — in Male, Maldives.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?...36081204110.1073741844.294891850618535&type=1



The Ottoman Empire's main law code was the Shari'ah, and in accordance with Islamic law, at no time in the empire’s history were non-Muslims forced to abide by any Muslim laws.

Read more: Islam and the Ottoman Empire

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/499840570123661

 
A picture of the Huaisheng Mosque in Guangzhou, China from 1860. The minaret was built in the 900s.

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Source: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?....306409299466790.72224.294891850618535&type=1



In the 1600s, Mughal emperor Aurangzeb brought together hundreds of scholars to compile a work of Hanafi law known as the Fatawa-e-Alamgiri. The compilation served as a code of law for the empire and is still an important resource for Hanafi fiqh today.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/499522590155459



When Salah al-Din conquered Jerusalem from the Crusaders, he allowed the citizens of the city to leave unharmed if they paid a small ransom. For those who could not afford it, he paid from his own wealth for their freedom.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/499517530155965



In the late 1000s, the Muslim world was a political mess. In Syria and Iraq, cities acted as independent dynasties always at war with each other while a rival Shi'a empire, the Fatimids, ruled in Egypt. The result of all this was that Crusaders from Europe were able to quickly and easily conquer Jerusalem in 1099.

Read more: The Crusades Part 1: Invasion

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/499151470192571



On this day (23 November, 1248) Seville was conquered by Christian Spaniards, after being a Muslim city for over 500 years.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/498930996881285



On this day (23 November, 1174) Salah al-Din adds Damascus to his empire.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/498928743548177



The world's oldest university, the University of al-Karaouine, was founded in 859 by a Muslim woman in Fes, Morocco. — in Fes, Morocco.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/498905826883802



In the 900s in Muslim Spain, the library of Cordoba, had over 600,000 volumes.

Source: https://www.facebook.com/LostIslamicHistory/posts/497163170391401

 

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