Malay Language for beginners....

:salamext:

Saya jumpa ni (I found this)

Menarik juga! (Quite interesting!)
Malay Saturday (Part 5): Kena
Filed under: Language, Malay — Jordan at 1:13 pm on Saturday, May 19, 2007

Warning: this just keeps getting geekier and geekier.

In my previous post I rambled on about the Malay passive voice. The example I used to illustrate the di + verb construction was in the third person for a good reason: it had to be. Apparently, the use of that particular construction is limited to the third person. To make a first- or second-person sentence in the passive voice, one would simply inverse the subject and object. So, to say I did that you would say Saya buat itu, but to say That was done by me you would say Itu saya buat. Something like that, anyway.

Anyway, what I really want to talk about here is yet another way to form the passive voice in Malay: by using the word kena. To me this is a very interesting word because its meaning is kind of hard to pin down.

I’m not sure, but I think kena can be used to form the passive with first, second, or third person (maybe someone can confirm or refute that). Anyway, here’s how to use kena to form the passive: Dia kena pukul means He was beaten. What’s interesting is that kena can also mean have to, so Dia kena pukul could also mean He has to beat/hit. That makes it a little confusing for me.

When used to form a passive, the exact meaning of the word kena is kind of hard to figure out (bear with me here, I don’t have my big fat Malay dictionary in front of me). The best I can come up with is to fall victim to or to become a victim (of), or something just as awkward. With that in mind, I should note that kena can also be used before a noun: Alisdair masuk hospital tahun lepas sebab dia kena sawan (sawan = seizures). I’d love to go deeper into this, but my brain hurts already.

Okay, that’s all. This will be the last geeky language post of the day, I swear.
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source

Pastikan baca komen2 yang diberi. Memang kelakar!
Be sure to read the comments...they are sure funny.

Contohnya yang ini.
for example this one

Hmm I have explained a lil about kena in my comment for your previous post. Kena can soemtimes mean ‘dihukum’ or dijangkiti, some into contact could be the best when used in sentence like ‘dia kena sawan’.

Kenapa aku pulak yang kena bayar?
Carelessly read, it does sound like ‘kena’ means ‘have to’.

You may have translated it as : Why do I have to pay?

But the truth is, there’s an object omitted from the sentences. Kenapa aku pulak yang kena bayar (denda ini)?
Why (is this) paid by me?

However, probably because we omit the object so frequently and it’s been accepted in spoken Malay, ‘kena’ somehow means ‘perlu’, as in Dia kena belajar memasak.

In spoken Malay, ‘kena’ is like you have to do/get something that you’re not willing to. Sounds like a punishment? Alamak, aku kena balik cepat, kena masak, kalau tak laki aku mengamuk!

To answer kukuman’s questions:
Kena buat apa ni? What is to be done? I guess, this is acceptable.
Kena apa ini? What has gotten to you?? What have you got into contact with? (as in, You touch something? or what disease you get?)
*Kenapa ni? This has nothing to do with ‘kena’. ‘Kenapa’ is simply the spoken form of ‘mengapa’ (Why).

I referred to Kamus Dewan and Tatabahasa Dewan to come up with these answers. If anyone knows better, pls do share.
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Untuk difikirkan bersama.
Something to think about.
 
I really like his blog. Thought of posting a few comments. But as usual i've no idea of what to say.
(saya suka sangat blog dia. Ingatkan nak post beberapa komen. Tapi biasalah saya ni selalu kehabisan idea.)

Try to ponder on the sentences highlighted in red.
(Cuba fikirkan dengan ayat yang diterangkan (Hah, apa pulak terangkan...cuba betulkan perkataan ni) dalam merah.)

BESAN​

Malay Saturday (Part 2): Besan
Filed under: Language, Malay, Malaysia — Jordan at 10:54 am on Saturday, May 19, 2007

Okay, so your sibling’s spouse is your sister-in-law or brother-in-law; your spouse’s parents are your mother-in-law and father-in-law; your kid’s spouse is your daughter-in-law or son-in-law. So what about your son-in-law or daughter-in law’s parents? What do you call them?

Modern English, as far as I know, does not have a word for the relationship between people whose children are married. If there is such a word, it’s not in common use (which would bring about the question: why not?). Malay, however, does have a word for such a relationship: besan.

This came up one day when Leen was talking about brad Pitt, which she does on occasion. Something about how if Alisdair married Shiloh Jolie-Pitt then Brad Pitt would be Leen’s besan. Something like that.

I wonder: how many other languages have words for this relationship? I’m not sure how many languages are known to readers of my blog, but it would be interesting to find out how many of them have a term similar to besan.
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Okay-okay blame me for 'loving' to copy and paste ppl's idea/articles/sentences.
(okey okey salahkanlah saya kerana amat menyukai salin dan tekap artikel/idea orang lain)

But you should see how long it take for me just to create an 100 words essay. I'll grow beard (Malay's proverb...well not really in DBP...haha)
(Tapi kalau saya buat karangan 100 perkataan nanti tumbuh janggut).

i'll edit it and edit it and edit it and edit it.............................
(saya akan edit dan edit dan edit dan edit dan edit .......)

But this words are sooooo useful that i couldn't care less what you want to think of me...lol
(Tapi perkataan2 ni sangat2lah berguna jadi saya tak kisahlah apa orang nak kata...lol)

MALAY PRONOUNS

*e = e pepet, sounds like i in bird; ē = e taling, sounds like e in “hey”.

1st person singular pronouns:

Saya - the most common word, pairs with “awak/kamu/anda”.

Aku - common, said to someone close, may sound unmannered if speaker is not close to listener, but in Indonesia, this is OK. Also, when praying to God, “aku” is always used (to show closeness). Pairs with “engkau/kau” in Malaysia, “engkau/kau/kamu” in Indonesia.

Bēta - “saya”, said by a sultan/sultanah.

Teman - “saya”, in Perak.

Cēk - “saya”, in Penang/Kedah, said to someone older.

Kula/kulo - “saya/aku”, in Javanese (in Batu Pahat, Muar, Kuala Selangor, and other areas where old Javanese people can be found).

Kamēk - “saya”, in Sarawak. “Kamek orang” for plural.

Dēnai/Dēn/Ēsē - “saya”, in Minangkabau slang (especially in Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, and South Sumatera).

Awak - “saya”, in sounthern Perak (Tapah, Setiawan, Bota, Batu Gajah, Grik, etc).

Ambo/Kawē - “saya”, in Kelantan/Terengganu.

Kami/Kita - “saya”, said by kids among themselves, usually in Johor.

Kawan - “saya”, in Johor (not widely used today).

Orang - “saya”, in Singapore (***Jordan’s note: also in Johor!).

Ana - “saya”, from Arabic (sometimes used by Muslim scholars, eg tabligh, or someone who tries to adopt a little Arab culture).

Wa/Gua - “aku”, coined from Hokkien, in Indonesia: “Guē”.

Sinda - (classical, northen slang “I”), to pair with “sira”.

Patik - “saya”, said by ordinary person to a sultan/sultanah.

Hamba - literally means ‘slave’, mainly in classical literature, it shows humbleness.

1st person plural pronouns:

Kami - “we”, plural of “I”, listener excluded.

Kita - “we”, “you + I”, “you all + I”, listener(s) included.

Kema - “kami/kita”, in Perak.

Sēpa - “kami”, in Kedah/Penang.

Iboq - “kami” in Semang (an aborigine tribe in Pahang/Terengganu).

Manira - classical “kami/kita”, probably from Sanskrit.

Kita orang or simply kitorang - informal, broken, very common, daily speech. Not used in Indonesia/Brunei.

2nd person pronouns:

Awak (plural awak semua*) - the common word, pairs with “saya”, not used in Indonesia, though. (* semua means “all”, this word is added to make a plural “you”.)

Engkau/Kau - sounds rude if speaker is not close to listener. Pairs with “aku”.

Kamu (plural kamu semua) - another common word, more formal, higher level (teacher, parents, older, boss) to lower level (students, kids, younger, employer) – there’s a sense of superiority of the speaker, Indonesian Malay doesn’t have “awak”, some Kelantanese/Terengganu people think it sounds rather rude, especially if the listener is older. Ironically, they use the shorter form “mu” to pair with “ambo”. Again, don’t mix up the pairs!

Anda (plural anda semua) - formal or polite form of “you”.

Saudara - “you”, polite, formal, addressed to a male stranger on the street when you want to ask for directions, shops, seminars, etc. Literally, it means “brother”, also used in informal letters.

Saudari - feminine form of “saudara”.

Dēmo - “kamu”, in Kelantan.

Sira - “anda”, classical, in northern states, pairs with “sinda”.

Mika - “engkau”, in Perak, used between close conversants, or older to younger, higher level to lower.

Kome/Komē - “kamu” in Perak, informal. Usually said by a superior speaker.

Hang - “engkau”, in Perlis/Kedah. “Hangpa” = “kamu semua” (plural).

Cēk - “kamu” in Penang, used by older speaker to a younger listener.

Koē - “awak”, in Indonesia.

Kitak (plural kitak semuak) - “awak” in Sarawak.

Ēkau - “engkau” in Minangkabau slang, pairs with “dēn”.

Anta - “kamu”, from Arabic, for a male listener. Pairs with “ana”.

Anti - feminine form of “anta”.

Mung - “kamu”, in Terengganu.

Tuan hamba - literally means ‘master of slave’, mainly in classical literature, it shows greatness, pairs with “hamba”.

Kalian - plural form of “anda” in Indonesia.

Lu - “awak/kau”, coined from Hokkien; in Indonesia: “Loh”.

Kau orang or simply korang - informal, broken, very common, daily speech (plural). Not used in Indonesia/Brunei.

Encik - “Mr.”, formal.

Puan - “Mrs.”, (in Malaysia/Brunei), formal, polite. Don’t use the husband’s name, she’s not “Puan Jordan” but “Puan Leen” (using her own name).

Nyonya - “Mrs.”, especially in Penang, Melaka, and Singapore during pre-independence time, now only used in Indonesia, especially if she is of Chinese decent. “Nyonya Mansur” doesn’t mean Mansur is a she-male! It’s her husband’s name.

Ibu - this doesn’t mean you’re calling another woman “mom”! It’s the equivalent of “Puan” in Indonesia. “Ibu Leen” = Madam Leen.

Cik - “Miss”, in Malaysia.

Nona - “Cik” in Indonesia.

Tuan - literally means “master”. Equivalent to “Mr.”, usually addressed to someone who has performed his pilgrimage to Mecca, eg: Tuan Haji Jordan (pairs with Puan Hajjah Mazleen) (***Jordan’s note: InshAllah!), also means “Sir”, especially to police officer, judge, eg: “Tuan Inspektor”, “Tuan Hakim”, “Tuan Doktor” (this even includes a female judge or doctor!). In that case, it means “Lady/madam” to show respect/status/higher rank. In classical Malay, “Tuan Puteri” (My Lady Princess). Not “Puan Puteri” or “Cik Puteri”.

Bapak - literally means “father”, used in Indonesia. Equivalent to Malaysians’ “Encik/Tuan”, excluding “Tuan Puteri/Doktor”. Eg: “Bapak Polisi”, “Bapak Jordan”. Male only.

Abang - “elder brother”, to a stranger on the street, at a warong, shops, campus. In Malaysia only.

(Kang) Mas - “abang” in Javanese, Indonesia.

Kakak/Kak - “elder sister” in Malaysia, also “abang/kakang” in Indonesia.

Kakēk - “grandpa”, in Indonesia.

Adik - “younger brother/sister”, in Malaysia.

Makcik - “Aunty”, in Malaysia.

Pakcik - “Uncle”, in Malaysia.

Tanter - “Aunty”, in Indonesia.

Om - “Uncle”, in Indonesia.

3rd person pronouns:

Dia - “He/She”

Ia - “He/She/It”

Dēme - “They” in Northern dialect.

Nya - “He/She” in Sarawak. “Nya orang” for plural.

Merēka - “They”

Dia orang - or simply diorang - informal, broken, very common, daily speech (plural). Not used in Indonesia/Brunei.
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:sl:
What is selsema? Influenza ker? Flu?
Do you know what cause bird flu? Ana dengar sebenarnya virus flu burung tuu berasal dari BABI. Tapi you know lah, if di umumkan ini berasal dari babi, tentulah MUSNAH babi-babi tuu, dan kafeer likes babi/pig. Jadi mereka berfikir lebih baik chicken yang di musnahkan dari pada babi. Jika dunia tahu ini berasal dari babi, ini juga berarti menguatkan ajaran Islam yang mengharamkan babi. Mereka (orang-orang kafir) tidak mau itu terjadi. Dan dalam kemelut flu burung niii ada orang-orang yang berbisnis obat flu burung nantinye.
 
Dhulqarnaeen said:
:sl:
What is selsema? Influenza ker? Flu?
Do you know what cause bird flu? Ana dengar sebenarnya virus flu burung tuu berasal dari BABI. Tapi you know lah, if di umumkan ini berasal dari babi, tentulah MUSNAH babi-babi tuu, dan kafeer likes babi/pig. Jadi mereka berfikir lebih baik chicken yang di musnahkan dari pada babi. Jika dunia tahu ini berasal dari babi, ini juga berarti menguatkan ajaran Islam yang mengharamkan babi. Mereka (orang-orang kafir) tidak mau itu terjadi. Dan dalam kemelut flu burung niii ada orang-orang yang berbisnis obat flu burung nantinye.
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Betulkah virus selsema burung berasal dari babi? Satu teori saya dengar ia berasal dari senjata biokimia rahsia dari China.
 
Muslim Knight said:
Betulkah virus selsema burung berasal dari babi? Satu teori saya dengar ia berasal dari senjata biokimia rahsia dari China.
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Saya pernah tgk dokumentari pasal pandemic (ie SARS) kat either Discovery Channel atau Nat. Geographic.

Babi ni diibaratkan macam Peter Petrelli, sebab semua virus dia boleh serap dan jadi pembawa.

Dlm. dokumentari tu, dia kata virus burung sepatutnya hanya untuk burung, bukan manusia... tetapi apabila virus itu masuk babi, babi boleh transform virus tu dijangkiti oleh makhluk-makhluk selain burung.

Dokumentari tu merencanakan bagaimana suatu jangkitan di sesebuah lokasi boleh merebak ke seluruh dunia dengan cepat dan menjadi Pandemik (cth.nya SARS)

Mula-mula ada sorang amoi ni kat Hong Kong, tak ingat sama ada dia beli babi atau lalu kat tepi kedai babi, tapi bila orang jual babi tu bersin .. kena amoi tu.

Kemudian, amoi tu naik flight pi London..bersin2 dan batuk2.. pastu bila first nite sampai kat London, amoi tu demam teruk....

Lepas tu virus tu tersebar kepada semua penumpang kapal terbang tu dan di airport. Di airport pula, orang2 yang terjangkit dengan amoi tu naik pula fight ke banyak tempat di seluruh dunia... dan jadilah depa pembawa virus tu....

Conclusion crita tu, soalnya sekarang bukan "Adakah Pandemik boleh berlaku?", tetapi "Bilakah Pandemik akan berlaku?"... dan kalau ia berlaku, kemungkinan yang amat besar ia akan berpunca dari Selatan China.

Wallahualam.... (cerita saya mungkin tak se"accurate" yang mungkin sebab saya tgk dokumentari ni dah lebih setahun)
 
north_malaysian said:
contoh.... saya tak leh tgk movie kat opis...
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oh okay...hehe.

Jap ya saya pastekan kat sini.


KESALAHAN YANG SERING TERJADI
0010 – Kesalahan Pakaian
0053 – Kesalahan Berdiri
0122 – Berdiri Jauh Dari Sutrah
0148 – Kesalahan Takbir
0214 – Kesalahan Sedekap
0238 – Tidak Memandang Ke Tempat Sujud
0302 – Kesalahan Ruku’
0433 – Kesalahan Sujud
0600 – Sujud Setelah Salam
0625 – Kesalahan Duduk Antara Dua Sujud

contohnya yang di atas. Susahlah nak cerita tanpa gambar
 
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syilla said:
oh okay...hehe.

Jap ya saya pastekan kat sini.


KESALAHAN YANG SERING TERJADI
0010 – Kesalahan Pakaian
0053 – Kesalahan Berdiri
0122 – Berdiri Jauh Dari Sutrah
0148 – Kesalahan Takbir
0214 – Kesalahan Sedekap
0238 – Tidak Memandang Ke Tempat Sujud
0302 – Kesalahan Ruku’
0433 – Kesalahan Sujud
0600 – Sujud Setelah Salam
0625 – Kesalahan Duduk Antara Dua Sujud

contohnya yang di atas. Susahlah nak cerita tanpa gambar
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Ana periksa VCD paste ukhti syila tuu...masha Allah :D Ternyate itu VCD buatan teman-teman ana di BAndung- west Java. :) Yang jadi modelnye pun teman ana. But...I admit their VCD is good and mereka mempunyai reference dari kitab-ktab ulama salaf. Tapi mereka sempat di tegur oleh ustadh, karena dalam permasalahan shalat terdapat banyak khilaf dan itu harus di jelaskan. Dan mereka juge tidak mengoreksi VCD kepada ustadh. BUT overall, tuk orang-orang yang baru belajar shalat yang benar, VCD ini sudah mewakili. Kalau mau lebih sempurna lagi silakan merujuk kepada kitab-kitab ulama salaf. :)
 
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Dhulqarnaeen said:
Ana periksa VCD paste ukhti syila tuu...masha Allah :D Ternyate itu VCD buatan teman-teman ana di BAndung- west Java. :) Yang jadi modelnye pun teman ana. But...I admit their VCD is good and mereka mempunyai reference dari kitab-ktab ulama salaf. Tapi mereka empat di tegur oleh ustadh, karena dalam permasalahan shalat terdapat banyak khilaf dan itu harus di jelaskan. Dan mereka juge tidak mengoreksi VCD kepada ustadh. BUT overall, tuk orang-orang yang baru belajar shalat yang benar, VCD ini sudah mewakili. Kalau mau lebih sempurna lagi silakan merujuk kepada kitab-kitab ulama salaf. :)
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terima kasih dengan penerangan akhee dhul :)
 
Dhulqarnaeen said:
Ana periksa VCD paste ukhti syila tuu...masha Allah :D Ternyate itu VCD buatan teman-teman ana di BAndung- west Java. :) Yang jadi modelnye pun teman ana. But...I admit their VCD is good and mereka mempunyai reference dari kitab-ktab ulama salaf. Tapi mereka sempat di tegur oleh ustadh, karena dalam permasalahan shalat terdapat banyak khilaf dan itu harus di jelaskan. Dan mereka juge tidak mengoreksi VCD kepada ustadh. BUT overall, tuk orang-orang yang baru belajar shalat yang benar, VCD ini sudah mewakili. Kalau mau lebih sempurna lagi silakan merujuk kepada kitab-kitab ulama salaf. :)
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Di Indonesia, ramai tak yang mengikuti ajaran ulama salafi? Di Malaysia, saya rasa tak lebih 10% dari kalangan Muslimin yang mengikut ajaran Salafiyyeh.
 
north_malaysian said:
Di Indonesia, ramai tak yang mengikuti ajaran ulama salafi? Di Malaysia, saya rasa tak lebih 10% dari kalangan Muslimin yang mengikut ajaran Salafiyyeh.
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jangan terkeliru dengan salafiyyeh.

salafi dengan salafiyyeh lain tau...
 

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