why can a muslim man have more than one wife, and not a muslim woman?
why can muslim men get married to non-muslim women and not the other way round?
Well, really it isn't hard to figure either one out if you reflect on it for a moment.
But, before I comment on either issue specifically, it is worth reflecting for a moment on the distinction between procedural and substantive equality and what Islam teaches with respect to gender equality - both of which I discussed in this article here:
http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/458/viewall/
We have discussed both of these questions before on the forum (as with practically every question); see the link posted by Eve Persephone for one example. Nevertheless, since the comments are dispersed in various locations, I thought it might be worthwhile to briefly summarize some of the answers in one place.
So first, the question of why Islam allows polygynous relationships (in a restricted manner) but categorically forbids polyandrous relationships. Well the underlying presumption behind this question is that the two types of relationships are comparable. But the reality is that a polygynous relationship differs fundamentally from a polyandrous relationship in numerous ways and hence one cannot be equated with the other:
1. It is quite feasible for every partner in a polygynous relationship to have a child without placing all the burden on one individual. In order for every partner in a polyandrous relationship to have a child, this would place undue physical hardship on the sole woman who would be continuously pregnant. Men can sire multiple children in one year, whereas women cannot.
2. Furthermore, nursing one's child limits fertility. The polyandrous woman would also not be available to her spouses at times due to monthly periods. A polygynous male on the other hand is capable of spending one day/night with each spouse and alternating in a fair and equitable manner.
3. Women and children are physically and psychologically more vulnerable to abuse than men. Islam came to safeguard the rights of women and children and ensure that they are not placed in a situation where they will be taken advantage of or mistreated. Trying to maintain a relationship with four men would most likely lead to such a treatment.
4. A father can never match the love a mother has for her child or the care she provides, and women will always be superior to men in this regard. Thus, it places the children of a polyandrous relationship at a disadvantage to be raised with substandard love and care, or to receive less attention from their mother.
5. Males in a polyandrous relationship would most likely fight for dominance and control; research shows that men are quicker to aggression and more likely to express their aggression in physical ways than females. Suddenly, this does not sound like such a happy family.
6. Women in a polygynous relationship accrue benefit as the man is obligated to spend (and spend fairly) on all of his wives. Men in a polyandrous relationship accrue no such benefit, nor do they have any reason to remain in such a relationship. In fact, with all the excess burdens placed on a woman in such a relationship she probably has enough of a struggle trying to build any career or engage in other activities outside the home.
7. Confusing the genealogical relationship of the children, except through DNA testing.
There are probably many more reasons one could think of, and you can read some similar comments here:
http://islamtoday.com/show_detail_section.cfm?q_id=376&main_cat_id=17
With regard to why a Muslim woman cannot marry a non-Muslim man, there are numerous clear and obvious wisdoms. A Muslim man has so many obligations towards his wife and Islam seeks to ensure that those obligations are honored. Muslims are required to follow the lofty example of the Prophet Muhammad pbuh who emphasized good character, mercy, compassion, honesty and other virtues tremendously. As well, there is the requirement to abstain from foul speech, losing one's temper, backbiting, and numerous other social and spiritual ills. A person who does not subscribe to the same faith has no reason to honor such virtues and thus, it places the woman in a situation of vulnerability. Islam has accorded the mother a higher status of respect than the father, and this needs to be recognized and honored.
There are so many other wisdoms you could list here as well, but this should be sufficient to illustrate the point.
By the way, I don't frequent the forums often anymore (as most of you probably already know) so don't be surprised if I don't respond soon to questions/comments on my posts.
