Despite their best efforts at logging, paving and otherwise terraforming the Columbia Gorge into a strip of McMansions, developers still have nothing to compare with the havoc wreaked by nature.
I’m talking about the floods that geologists say roared down from Montana, along the Columbia and scouring the Gorge in ancient times. The waters were said to have topped what’s now Crown Point.
NOVA, the premier public broadcasting science program, has produced a show on the "Mystery of the Megafloods." These floods helped carve out the Columbia Gorge — but this is also a story about how geologic heresy became the accepted standard.
The science is interesting stuff for those of us who make our home here.
Perhaps equally interesting is that not long ago, geologists derided the idea that massive flooding cut channels and cliffs. Geology, after all, was thought to work slowly, over unimaginable time to produce changes measured in eons.
Then, in the early Twentieth Century, along came geologist J. Harlen Bretz. He, in 1919, realized that monumental scouring marks in Northeast Washington were made by flooding and named it the “Spokane Flood.�?
The updated theory is this: That some thousands of years ago, several dozen deluges of “almost inconceivable force and dimensions swept across large parts of the Columbia River drainage.�? (This quote is from the standard text on the flooding, Cataclysms on the Columbia by John Eliot Allen and Marjorie Burns.) The floods raced out of an inland sea in what is now Montana, down the Columbia River and out to the Pacific. Floodwaters filled and gouged out the Gorge, at one point apparently topping Crown Point.
It took nearly 50 years, until the middle 1960s, for Bretz and the evidence to convince the scientific community of the ancient floods. His fellows simply could scarcely believe that a catastrophic Ice Age flood could have cut cliffs and channels from Montana to Portland. One supposes that Bretz, in his 80s, felt a sort of long-awaited vindication when ossified opinions finally turned.
A congratulatory telegram following a field trip for geologists cinched his victory. Its final sentence: “We are all catastrophists now.�?
Today, there's talk of an Ice Age Floods trail; there are floods interest groups; even an Ice Age Floods Institute.
Bretz’s flood work is the kind of research that wins one a Nobel Prize. But science, that great religion to end all religions, has its gatekeepers and its high priests, and they are not pleased with upstarts. Particularly if those upstarts blow away their pet theories.
Science, like democracy, relies on human beings. Objectivity, thoughtfulness or even the barest decency, is never guaranteed. We like to think that, in science, reason holds sway over human passions. But Bretz’s story is all too common. In fact, science creates people who are as passionate, biased and turf-defensive as any ... well, as any faith.
Ask Barry Marshall and Robin Warren, the Australian scientists who won a Nobel Prize this year for proving that ulcers are the result of a mere bacterium, rather than stress and smoking and booze. They won the prize in 2005 — 22 years after making their discovery. What took so long to win the recognition? Breaking through established, and unproved, opinion.
"It was impossible to displace the dogma," Marshall told one interviewer. "Their agenda was to shut me up and get me out of gastroenterology and into general practice in the outback."
The rejection of Marshall’s work echoes in a scientific history fraught with facts we absolutely knew to be true, that turned out false. People once believed dinosaurs were cold-blooded reptiles; now, the popular theory has them birdlike and warm-blooded. The universe was once thought static; now, expanding from a “big bang�? (a creation without a Creator, which scientists are sure, simply sure, is a figment).
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