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source : http://www.islamic-council.org/lib/suzan/All130-135.html
So great is the importance of salat in keeping the Muslim strong and steadfast in Islam that it is an obligation under all circumstances, even when one is ill, traveling, or in battle. However, certain concessions have been made for such situations. Thus, one who is ill and cannot perform salat in the usual manner may pray sitting in a chair or lying in bed, moving his hands (or if this is not possible only his eyes) to indicate the various motions. When one is traveling, he can shorten his salat and combine the second and third, and the fourth and fifth, prayers of the day so that he prays three times a day instead of five; he can, if necessary, pray while seated in his vehicle or mount, and similar concessions are made for soldiers in battle. If salat is not performed at the proper time for any reason, it is to be made up as soon as possible thereafter; it may not be missed altogether. The sole exception to this is women during menstruation and up to forty days following childbirth; these are excused from salat entirely for the duration of their condition for the reason that cleanliness (that is, the absence of bodily discharges) is a requisite for the performance of salat.
Salat is preceded by an ablution known as wudu during which the exposed parts of the body are washed; this brief preparation of the mind and body for the act of prayer is an essential requirement. If water is not available (during travel or under other unusual conditions) or if its use is likely to injure the worshipper (as in the case of serious illness or wounds), he may instead make a symbolic cleansing called tayammum without the use of water. The ablution may be maintained from one prayer to another if it is not broken by any bodily discharge, such as urination or defecation, passing gas, seminal discharge, vomiting, bleeding, etc. A full bath by means of running water (ghusl) is required after marital relations, seminal emission, and the termination of menstruation or post-partum bleeding.
So great is the importance of salat in keeping the Muslim strong and steadfast in Islam that it is an obligation under all circumstances, even when one is ill, traveling, or in battle. However, certain concessions have been made for such situations. Thus, one who is ill and cannot perform salat in the usual manner may pray sitting in a chair or lying in bed, moving his hands (or if this is not possible only his eyes) to indicate the various motions. When one is traveling, he can shorten his salat and combine the second and third, and the fourth and fifth, prayers of the day so that he prays three times a day instead of five; he can, if necessary, pray while seated in his vehicle or mount, and similar concessions are made for soldiers in battle. If salat is not performed at the proper time for any reason, it is to be made up as soon as possible thereafter; it may not be missed altogether. The sole exception to this is women during menstruation and up to forty days following childbirth; these are excused from salat entirely for the duration of their condition for the reason that cleanliness (that is, the absence of bodily discharges) is a requisite for the performance of salat.
Salat is preceded by an ablution known as wudu during which the exposed parts of the body are washed; this brief preparation of the mind and body for the act of prayer is an essential requirement. If water is not available (during travel or under other unusual conditions) or if its use is likely to injure the worshipper (as in the case of serious illness or wounds), he may instead make a symbolic cleansing called tayammum without the use of water. The ablution may be maintained from one prayer to another if it is not broken by any bodily discharge, such as urination or defecation, passing gas, seminal discharge, vomiting, bleeding, etc. A full bath by means of running water (ghusl) is required after marital relations, seminal emission, and the termination of menstruation or post-partum bleeding.
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