was i there?? no
however we have a brain to think with, you know Pharoah existed even though u have never seen him....
i would like you to see the following, a detailed explanantion on how the Quran is authentic and indeed the word of Allah
(1) The Approach
-----------------
Befor we start, we should know the following: (*) A book from God MUST be error-free and consistent at all levels, (*) A book with at least one error IS NOT, as a complete whole, from God.
The only book under discussion here is the Quran, so, there will be no test of the Bible or any other book.
There are mainly three types of approaches:
- Concordist approach: we try to find as many as possible consistencies and accuracies. Then we examine those accuracies and see their origin, we count those that appear as "coincidences". Then we examine their probabilities. By the "theory of probabilities", we can calculate the total possiblity; the less probability, the less chance of being man-made. (I'll explain that later)
- Conflict approach: here, we try to find errors, inconsistencies, or inaccuracies. One is suffice to prove that the Quran in its totality is not from God. -- I won't take this approach here --
- Falsification Test: As any scientific theory, it has a test that if done, the theory will be proven wrong. The Quran has many 'Falsification Tests', in the past and present. Those tests simply say: If one does/passes this test, the Quran will be proven wrong, ie. not from God -- I'll give couple of examples on that later --
(2) Pre-Assumed Facts
----------------------
In order to keep this discussion fair, we must agree on the following (i.e questioning them is off-topic):
- Muhammad (pbuh) is an illiterate man: in his entire life, he never learnd arabic alphabets, he never wrote single letter, he never read single letter.
- The Islamic historical accounts (e.g. sira), are valid sources to get info from.
================================================== =======
(*) Introduction
----------------
I will give an example to understand the approach followed here: If I have 10 little balls, each one of a number from 1 to 10 with no duplicate. If I put all of those balls in semi-closed basket/bag ans ask a random person to pick one ball at a time then put it back and pick another one and put it back and so on, ten times. What is the possibility that he will get all the ten balls in order 1, 2, 3, 4,...,10 from one shot? It is 1/10 * 1/10 * 1/10 * ... * 1/10 (ten times), which is : 1/10,000,000,000, that is: 1^-10% ~= 0%. If he does it, that would be just a miracle given to him by omnisience being, ie. God.
(*) Quranic Initials
------------------
The focus of this thread -- to come yet -- is about scientific miracles in the Quran and how to prove the divine origin of the Quran. However, before I start that, I would like to mention one thing regarding a Quranic Initials.
It is known that any illiterate man who never studied any kind of reading/writing and who never earned any type of education, that man can speak, listen, and communicate with his society with the same language used in his communitiy. He knows the meanings of words and sentances, he can listen and understand, and he can speak and communicate. However, that person cannot read/write whatever he speaks/listens, also, that person does not know the alphabets of his language, which are the basic blocks of his own language. for example: he can say "This is a book", he can understand if someone says "This is a book", but, he never knows how the sentence "This is a book" looks like, nor does he know what are the basic blocks of it,i.e. he never knows that "This" is spelled "T" "H" "I" "S",let alone hes know how each letter is pronounced, for example, he does not know that "Tee" would be the first letter in "This" -- I think we all agree on this --.
Imagine now that prophet Muhammad is completely illiterate, knows nothing about reading, writing, and arabic alphabets. No single histroical record shows that Muhammad got any type of education, not even one single private lesson. Out of all that, Muhammad managed to come up with many Suras that start with just alphabets (not words), for example, Sura "Baqara" [2] starts with three alphabets: "Alif" "Laam" "Meem". those letters are prounaced not as sounds, but, as independents letters. Imagine an illiterate english man who suddenly comes and says "Aay"[a], "Bee", "ach"[h], "Ex" [x], when he never ever studied the names of alphabets in his life.
-- that was something to spice up --
(*) Algorithm
-------------
I'll give brief algorithm to make the discussion fair and unbiased:
Any scientific fact in Quran can come only from the following 8 sources:
- Perhaps the author of the statement was a genius
- A very good guess, luck
- Perhaps the author of the statement was a great scientist
- Coincidence
- Common sense
- The scientific fact is observable
- The information already pre-existed in history
- A source greater than man was involved
For every given scientific fact, I will give the possible option.
For the sake of not making this thread very long with a lot of info, I will only present the main points -- If someone doubts or has question, we can talk about it later on --
(*) Scientific Facts in the Quran
--------------------------------
The Quran has almost ~1000 scientific sings. I'll talk only about around 30 of them, in different fields:
(1) Astronomy
- Creation of the universe
According to the 'Big Bang', the whole universe was initially one big mass (Primiary Nebula). Then, there was a 'Big Bang' (Secondary Separation) which resulted in the formation of Galaxies. these then divided to form stars, plants, the sun, the moon,..etc. the origin of the Universe was unique.
The Quran talks about this in:
[021.030]
أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَاء كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ أَفَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ
Do not the Unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were joined together (as one unit of creation), before we clove them asunder? We made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?
- the heaven being Gaseous mass before the Creation of Galaxies
Before galaxies were formed, celestical matter was initially in the form of Gaseous matter. It is best described as 'smoke'
[041.011]
ثُمَّ اسْتَوَى إِلَى السَّمَاء وَهِيَ دُخَانٌ فَقَالَ لَهَا وَلِلْأَرْضِ اِئْتِيَا طَوْعًا أَوْ كَرْهًا قَالَتَا أَتَيْنَا طَائِعِينَ
Moreover He comprehended in His design the sky, and it had been (as) smoke: He said to it and to the earth: "Come ye together, willingly or unwillingly." They said: "We do come (together), in willing obedience."
- The Spherical Shape of the Earth
The Quran descibes that the Earth is spherical in a denius way. The talk about the slow and graduate changes in day/night and the talk about overlapping/coiling the day/night in the Earth are a Quranic miraculuos way of describing the spherical shape of the Earth:
[031.029]
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ
Seest thou not that Allah merges Night into Day and he merges Day into Night; that He has subjected the sun, and the moon (to his Law), each running its course for a term appointed; and that Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do?
[039.005]
خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ بِالْحَقِّ يُكَوِّرُ اللَّيْلَ عَلَى النَّهَارِ وَيُكَوِّرُ النَّهَارَ عَلَى اللَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي لِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى أَلَا هُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْغَفَّارُ
He created the heavens and the earth in true (proportions): He makes the Night overlap the Day, and the Day overlap the Night: He has subjected the sun and the moon (to His law): Each one follows a course for a time appointed. Is not He the Exalted in Power - He Who forgives again and again?
(2) Geography
- The Water Cycle
At the time of Muhammad, no other text gives an accurate description of the Water Cycle like the Quran:
[039.021]
أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاء مَاء فَسَلَكَهُ يَنَابِيعَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُ بِهِ زَرْعًا مُّخْتَلِفًا أَلْوَانُهُ ثُمَّ يَهِيجُ فَتَرَاهُ مُصْفَرًّا ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُهُ حُطَامًا إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَذِكْرَى لِأُوْلِي الْأَلْبَابِ
Seest thou not that Allah sends down rain from the sky, and leads it through springs in the earth? Then He causes to grow, therewith, produce of various colours: then it withers; thou wilt see it grow yellow; then He makes it dry up and crumble away. Truly, in this, is a Message of remembrance to men of understanding.
[030.024]
وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ يُرِيكُمُ الْبَرْقَ خَوْفًا وَطَمَعًا وَيُنَزِّلُ مِنَ السَّمَاء مَاء فَيُحْيِي بِهِ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ
And among His Signs, He shows you the lightning, by way both of fear and of hope, and He sends down rain from the sky and with it gives life to the earth after it is dead: verily in that are Signs for those who are wise.
[023.018]
وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَاء مَاء بِقَدَرٍ فَأَسْكَنَّاهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَإِنَّا عَلَى ذَهَابٍ بِهِ لَقَادِرُونَ
And We send down water from the sky according to (due) measure, and We cause it to soak in the soil; and We certainly are able to drain it off (with ease).
- Winds Impregnate the Clouds
The Quran describes that the winds are impregnating the clouds. It states the effect of the wind in impregnating clouds in order to rain:
[015.022]
وَأَرْسَلْنَا الرِّيَاحَ لَوَاقِحَ فَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَاء مَاء فَأَسْقَيْنَاكُمُوهُ وَمَا أَنتُمْ لَهُ بِخَازِنِينَ
And We send the fecundating winds, then cause the rain to descend from the sky, therewith providing you with water (in abundance), though ye are not the guardians of its stores.
[030.048]
اللَّهُ الَّذِي يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَابًا فَيَبْسُطُهُ فِي السَّمَاء
كَيْفَ يَشَاء وَيَجْعَلُهُ كِسَفًا فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلَالِهِ فَإِذَا أَصَابَ بِهِ مَن يَشَاء مِنْ عِبَادِهِ إِذَا هُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ
It is Allah Who sends the Winds, and they raise the Clouds: then does He spread them in the sky as He wills, and break them into fragments, until thou seest rain-drops issue from the midst thereof: then when He has made them reach such of his servants as He wills behold, they do rejoice!-
(3) Physics
- The Existance of Sub-Atomic Particles
In ancient times, a well-known theory by the name of "theory of atomism" was widely accepted. This theory was originally proposed by the Greeks, in particular, by a man called Democritus, who lived about 23 centuries ago. Democritus and the people that came after him assumed that the smallest unit of matter was the "atom", the Arab used to believe the same. However, today modern science tells that even the atom can be divided into smaller particles. The Quran talks about smaller particle than the atom:
[034.003]
وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَا تَأْتِينَا السَّاعَةُ قُلْ بَلَى وَرَبِّي لَتَأْتِيَنَّكُمْ عَالِمِ الْغَيْبِ لَا يَعْزُبُ عَنْهُ مِثْقَالُ ذَرَّةٍ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَلَا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا أَصْغَرُ مِن ذَلِكَ وَلَا أَكْبَرُ إِلَّا فِي كِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ
The Unbelievers say, "Never to us will come the Hour": Say, "Nay! but most surely, by my Lord, it will come upon you;- by Him Who knows the unseen,- from Whom is not hidden the least little atom in the heavens or on earth: Nor is there anything less than that, or greater, but is in the Record Perspicuous:
- The Iron being from outside the Earth
Modern science tells us that the iron is only material on earth that its origin is not from the Earth, due to its atomic number. The Quran clearly states this. It states that the Iron is sent down to the Earth by Allah:
[057.025]
لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَنزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ وَأَنزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ مَن يَنصُرُهُ وَرُسُلَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ
We sent aforetime our messengers with Clear Signs and sent down with them the Book and the Balance (of Right and Wrong), that men may stand forth in justice; and We sent down Iron, in which is (material for) mighty war, as well as many benefits for mankind, that Allah may test who it is that will help, Unseen, Him and His messengers: For Allah is Full of Strength, Exalted in Might (and able to enforce His Will).
(4) Zoology
- Animals and Birds Live in Communities
Research has shown that animals and birds live in communities, like the humans, i.e. they organize, live and work together.
[006.038]
وَمَا مِن دَآبَّةٍ فِي الأَرْضِ وَلاَ طَائِرٍ يَطِيرُ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ إِلاَّ أُمَمٌ أَمْثَالُكُم مَّا فَرَّطْنَا فِي الكِتَابِ مِن شَيْءٍ ثُمَّ إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ يُحْشَرُونَ
There is not an animal (that lives) on the earth, nor a being that flies on its wings, but (forms part of) communities like you. Nothing have we omitted from the Book, and they (all) shall be gathered to their Lord in the end.
- The Flight of Birds
[016.079]
أَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ إِلَى الطَّيْرِ مُسَخَّرَاتٍ فِي جَوِّ السَّمَاء مَا يُمْسِكُهُنَّ إِلاَّ اللّهُ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يُؤْمِنُونَ
Do they not look at the birds, held poised in the midst of (the air and) the sky? Nothing holds them up but (the power of) Allah. Verily in this are signs for those who believe.
[067.019]
أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا إِلَى الطَّيْرِ فَوْقَهُمْ صَافَّاتٍ وَيَقْبِضْنَ مَا يُمْسِكُهُنَّ إِلَّا الرَّحْمَنُ إِنَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ بَصِيرٌ
Do they not observe the birds above them, spreading their wings and folding them in? None can uphold them except (Allah) Most Gracious: Truly (Allah) Most Gracious: Truly it is He that watches over all things.
"These verses stress the extremely close dependence of the birds’ behaviour on Divine order. Modern scientific data has shown the degree of perfection attained by certain species of birds with regard to the programming of their movements. It is only the existence of a migratory programme in the genetic code of the birds that can explain the long and complicated journey that very young birds, without any prior experience and without any guide, are able to accomplish. They are also able to return to the departure point on a definite date."
- The Bee
In the Quran, the gender used for the bee is the female gender (fasluki and kuli), indicating that the bee that leaves its home for gathering food is a female bee, that's what science now confirms. In the past, people used to believe it is either the male or gender-less bee.
[016.068/69]
وَأَوْحَى رَبُّكَ إِلَى النَّحْلِ أَنِ اتَّخِذِي مِنَ الْجِبَالِ بُيُوتًا وَمِنَ الشَّجَرِ وَمِمَّا يَعْرِشُونَ
ثُمَّ كُلِي مِن كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ فَاسْلُكِي سُبُلَ رَبِّكِ ذُلُلاً يَخْرُجُ مِن بُطُونِهَا شَرَابٌ مُّخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهُ فِيهِ شِفَاء لِلنَّاسِ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لآيَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
And thy Lord taught the Bee to build its cells in hills, on trees, and in (men's) habitations;
Then to eat of all the produce (of the earth), and find with skill the spacious paths of its Lord: there issues from within their bodies a drink of varying colours, wherein is healing for men: verily in this is a Sign for those who give thought.
-- there are other info about the bee on this verse as well --
- Life and Communication of Ants
Research has shown that the animals or insects whose lifestyle is closest to resemblance of the lifestyle of human beings are the ants; the way of communication, the way of burying dead, the sophesticated divisions, chatting,..etc
[027.017/18]
وَحُشِرَ لِسُلَيْمَانَ جُنُودُهُ مِنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنسِ وَالطَّيْرِ فَهُمْ يُوزَعُونَ
حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَوْا عَلَى وَادِي النَّمْلِ قَالَتْ نَمْلَةٌ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّمْلُ ادْخُلُوا مَسَاكِنَكُمْ لَا يَحْطِمَنَّكُمْ سُلَيْمَانُ وَجُنُودُهُ وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَAnd before Solomon were marshalled his hosts,- of Jinns and men and birds, and they were all kept in order and ranks.
At length, when they came to a (lowly) valley of ants, one of the ants said: "O ye ants, get into your habitations, lest Solomon and his hosts crush you (under foot) without knowing it."
(5) Medicine
- Honey has healing properties
Only a couple of centuries ago man came to know that honey comes from the belly of the bee. Also, we are now aware that honey has a healing property and also a mild antiseptic property.
[016.069]
ثُمَّ كُلِي مِن كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ فَاسْلُكِي سُبُلَ رَبِّكِ ذُلُلاً يَخْرُجُ مِن بُطُونِهَا شَرَابٌ مُّخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهُ فِيهِ شِفَاء لِلنَّاسِ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لآيَةً لِّقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
Then to eat of all the produce (of the earth), and find with skill the spacious paths of its Lord: there issues from within their bodies a drink of varying colours, wherein is healing for men: verily in this is a Sign for those who give thought.
(6) Physiology
- Blood circulation and the production of milk
Before the descovery of the blood circulation, and before it is known what happens in the intestines to ensure that organs are nourished by the process of digestive absorption, the Quran states that the animal milk comes in between the contents of the Intestine and the blood:
[016.066]
وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ فِي الأَنْعَامِ لَعِبْرَةً نُّسْقِيكُم مِّمَّا فِي بُطُونِهِ مِن بَيْنِ فَرْثٍ وَدَمٍ لَّبَنًا خَالِصًا سَآئِغًا لِلشَّارِبِينَ
And verily in cattle there is A lesson for you. We give you to drink Of what is inside their bodies, Coming from a conjunction Between the contents of the Intestine and the blood, A milk pure and pleasant for Those who drink it.B]
[023.021]
وَإِنَّ لَكُمْ فِي الْأَنْعَامِ لَعِبْرَةً نُّسقِيكُم مِّمَّا فِي بُطُونِهَا وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَنَافِعُ كَثِيرَةٌ وَمِنْهَا تَأْكُلُونَ
And in cattle (too) ye have an instructive example: from within their bodies We produce (milk) for you to drink; there are, in them, (besides), numerous (other) benefits for you; and of their (meat) ye eat;
(7) Geology
- Mountains being Pegs (Stakes)
Modern science states that the function of the mountains is to work as sticks in the Earth to prevent it from shaking. The Quran states this in a couple of verses:
[078.006/7]
أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الْأَرْضَ مِهَادًا
وَالْجِبَالَ أَوْتَادًا
Have We not made the earth as a wide expanse,
And the mountains as pegs?
[021.031]
وَجَعَلْنَا فِي الْأَرْضِ رَوَاسِيَ أَن تَمِيدَ بِهِمْ وَجَعَلْنَا فِيهَا فِجَاجًا سُبُلًا لَعَلَّهُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ
And We have set on the earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with them, and We have made therein broad highways (between mountains) for them to pass through: that they may receive Guidance.
- Mountains Firmly Fixed
[079.032]
وَالْجِبَالَ أَرْسَاهَا
And the mountains hath He firmly fixed;-
[088.019]
وَإِلَى الْجِبَالِ كَيْفَ نُصِبَتْ
And at the Mountains, how they are fixed firm?-
(8) Oceanology
- Barrier Between Sweet and Salt Waters
This is one of the astonishing scientific miracle in the Quran; that's the description of the unseen barrier between the sweet and the salt water:
[055.019/020]
مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ يَلْتَقِيَانِ
بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخٌ لَّا يَبْغِيَانِ
He has let free the two bodies of flowing water, meeting together
Between them is a Barrier which they do not transgress
[027.061]
أَمَّن جَعَلَ الْأَرْضَ قَرَارًا وَجَعَلَ خِلَالَهَا أَنْهَارًا وَجَعَلَ لَهَا رَوَاسِيَ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ حَاجِزًا أَإِلَهٌ مَّعَ اللَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
Or, Who has made the earth firm to live in; made rivers in its midst; set thereon mountains immovable; and made a separating bar between the two bodies of flowing water? (can there be another) god besides Allah? Nay, most of them know not.
[025.053]
وَهُوَ الَّذِي مَرَجَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ هَذَا عَذْبٌ فُرَاتٌ وَهَذَا مِلْحٌ أُجَاجٌ وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَرْزَخًا وَحِجْرًا مَّحْجُورًا
It is He Who has let free the two bodies of flowing water: One palatable and sweet, and the other salt and bitter; yet has He made a barrier between them, a partition that is forbidden to be passed.
(9) Archeology
- The City of "Iram"
The Quran mentions a city called "Iram". At the day of Muhammad (PBUH), that name was completely unknown; nobody knew what this city is. Nobody has ever heard of it. One can look throught all the pre-Arabic or Arabic literature, none of the companions of Muhammad, or Aristotle's work, or the Hindu scripture. nobody has ever heard of a city named "Iram". But, it was in the Quran. Many Islamic scholars even tend to say that this name "Iram" is meant for a lady rather than a city, many felt shameful because they didn't know how to respond when asked about this city. In year 1978, archeological discoveries in the north of Arabia discovered a very ancient manuscript in a buried city. That manuscript contains the word "Iram" as the name of the city, where its people used to communicate with other tribes.
[089.007]
إِرَمَ ذَاتِ الْعِمَادِ
Of the (city of) Iram, with lofty pillars
was it a coincidence ?!
(*) Theory of Probability
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This part will be covered, Inshalla, in part #2 tomorrow. I'll focus on how to derive the probability of most of the above to be made by a man, and how it can reach to almost ~0% possibility.
Also, in part #2, I'll cover some "Mathematical Miracles" in the Quran and their probability.