Tenses in Arabic

[asadxyz]

I am posting the tenses in arabic.If you feel any mistake please do not hesitate to rectify.
TENSES IN ARABIC


ذهب
He went.

كان ذهب
He had gone.

كان يذهب
He used to go.

قد ذهب
He has gone.

يذهب
He goes/will go.

ليذهب
He goes.

سيذهب
He will go shortly.

سوف يذهب
He will go after some time.

 

[Imam]

He went.
&
He has gone.
&
He had gone

all mean

ذهب

(In Arabic,The past could be a few minutes or a few decades before the present time)



He used to go

اعتاد الذهاب
or
كان يذهب


He goes,he is going (present contineous)

يذهب



He will go
&

He will go after some time
&

He will go shortly

سيذهب




He has gone
= He went


قد ذهب

or just ذهب



ليذهب
(leyazhab)
means in order to go


or if it is to be pronounced (leyozheb)
means: to remove

 

[IceQueen~]

ليذهب also means 'He should go' (if the verb is majzoom)

and if it is mansoob then it means 'so that he goes/in order that he goes'

قد used with the past tense verb emphasises it (he has indeed gone) and also لقد for even more emphasis

But with the present tense (imperfect) verb, قد only emphasises the 'imperfectness' of the action:
قد يذهب means he may/may not have gone

and as for لقد it is not used with the present tense verb

 

[amirah_87]

I am posting the tenses in arabic.If you feel any mistake please do not hesitate to rectify.
TENSES IN ARABIC



كان ذهب

He had gone.

I don't think that كان can have a fi'il maadhi coming after it like that,?correct me if I'm wrong but the phrase seems a little incorrect ..
اعني من حيث المعنى

Wallaahu a'lam.

 

[muslimah111]

masha'Allah this is a good thread. Jazakallah for posting that up I will increase in my arabic vocabulary insha'Allah.

 

[IceQueen~]

I don't think that كان can have a fi'il maadhi coming after it like that,?correct me if I'm wrong but the phrase seems a little incorrect ..
اعني من حيث المعنى

Wallaahu a'lam.

yeah you can use kaana with a past tense verb- kaana makes the meaning even more past:

dhahaba he went
kaana dhahaba he had gone

 

[asadxyz]

He went.
&
He has gone.
&
He had gone

all mean

ذهب

(In Arabic,The past could be a few minutes or a few decades before the present time)



He used to go

اعتاد الذهاب
or
كان يذهب


He goes,he is going (present contineous)

يذهب



He will go
&

He will go after some time
&

He will go shortly

سيذهب




He has gone
= He went


قد ذهب

or just ذهب



ليذهب
(leyazhab)
means in order to go


or if it is to be pronounced (leyozheb)
means: to remove

W.Wright gives four method to express Plureperfect i.e past perfect: (Volume ii page 4-5)

1. Simple Past tense like ذهب
2. By adding قد before simple past tense
3. By adding كان before simple past tense
4. By adding كان قد before simple past tense

You said:

ليذهب
(leyazhab)
means in order to go


or if it is to be pronounced (leyozheb)
means: to remove

You are talking "laam maksoor with saakin word ending" while I am talking about "laam maftooh with mazmoom word ending".


الفِعْلُ المُضارِعُ : فِعْلٌ يَدُلُّ عَلى زَمانِ الحالِ ، والاسْتِقْبالِ ، ويُشْبِهُ الاسْمَ بِأحَدِ حُرُوفِ المُضارَعَةِ ( أَتَيْنَ ) ولِذلِك سُمِّىَ مُضارِعاً ، ويَخْتَصُّ الفِعْلُ المُضارِعُ بِالاسْتِقْبالِ إذا دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ (السِّينُ ) أوْ ( سَوْفَ ) ، ويَخْتَصُّ بِالحالِ إذا دَخَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ ( اللاَّمُ المَفتوحَةُ ) .


Reference : Hadayatunnahw


لامُ الابتِداء : هي اللاَّم التي تُفِيدُ تَوكِيدَ مَضمُونِ الجُملَةِ، وتَخلِيصَ المُضَارِعِ لِلحَا لِ، ولا تَدخُلُ إِلاَّ عَلَى الاسم نحو: {لأَنتُم أَشَدُّ رَهبَةً} (الآية "13" من سورة الحشر"59") والفعلِ المضارع نحو قولك {لَيُحِبُّ اللَّهُ المُحسنِينَ}
Ref: Alqawaid by Abdul Ghani Dukkar

 

[Imam]

W.Wright gives four method to express Plureperfect i.e past perfect: (Volume ii page 4-5)

1. Simple Past tense like ذهب
2. By adding قد before simple past tense
3. By adding كان before simple past tense
4. By adding كان قد before simple past tense

If we add قد before the a past simple verb ,it express past perfect only if exists in the context another past simple verb
eg;
أقـبـل الصبي و قد ابتسم
the boy came after he had smiled


if not then قد only affirms the action


علمت موعد الامتحان
I knew the time of the exam


قد علمت موعد الامتحان
I knew the the time of the exam

both sentences are Past simple in meaning, by adding قد the speaker affirms the verb علمت


ذاكرت دروسى وقد علمت موعد الامتحان

I studied my lessons after I had known the time of the exam.


you can't add قد to a past verb and automatically claims it to be past perfect

You are talking "laam maksoor with saakin word ending" while I am talking about "laam maftooh with mazmoom word ending".


لامُ الابتِداء : هي اللاَّم التي تُفِيدُ تَوكِيدَ مَضمُونِ الجُملَةِ، وتَخلِيصَ المُضَارِعِ لِلحَا لِ، ولا تَدخُلُ إِلاَّ عَلَى الاسم نحو: {لأَنتُم أَشَدُّ رَهبَةً} (الآية "13" من سورة الحشر"59") والفعلِ المضارع نحو قولك {لَيُحِبُّ اللَّهُ المُحسنِينَ}
Ref: Alqawaid by Abdul Ghani Dukkar

You see how adding (laam) to the present verb makes it with lots of meaning, which we know according to the context?

if someone to find
ليذهب
he will guess which meaning is it intended?

is it he should go

or he goes

or in order to go

or to remove !!!

the context and (tashkeel)is very important....

 

[Imam]

I don't think that كان can have a fi'il maadhi coming after it

Wallaahu a'lam.

yes a past verb can comes after kaana


كُنْتُ قَدْ رَأَيُت زَيْداً


ان كان جاء الرجل

 

[asadxyz]

If we add قد before the a past simple verb ,it express past perfect only if exists in the context another past simple verb
eg;
أقـبـل الصبي و قد ابتسم
the boy came after he had smiled


if not then قد only affirms the action


علمت موعد الامتحان
I knew the time of the exam


قد علمت موعد الامتحان
I knew the the time of the exam

both sentences are Past simple in meaning, by adding قد the speaker affirms the verb علمت


ذاكرت دروسى وقد علمت موعد الامتحان

I studied my lessons after I had known the time of the exam.


you can't add قد to a past verb and automatically claims it to be past perfect

Dear Imam! here I agree with you.Past perferfect does not come alone.Because it indicates an action before another action in the past.Here the purpose is not to give these details rather to simplify the tenses as we learn paradigms of فعل .So that learner is familiar with them and can apply in appropriate sentences.