The US took sides in an on-going conflict and that has actually improved the situation compared to before.
War in Afghanistan – a Severe Violation of the UN Charter
Urgent Appeal to the UN Human Rights Council
On the occasion of the 8th Session of the Human Rights Council in the Palais des Nations in Geneva, an informal meeting on the topic: The Humanitarian Tragedy in Afghanistan – Human Rights violations and Health Effects took place on Wednesday 4 June. Adressing their interested audience, among them many students, the speakers drew a gloomy picture, and called for the international community to act.
thk/Geneva. The speakers on the panel were the Afghan political scientist and Middle East expert, Professor Mohamed Daud Miraki, the pulmonologist and specialist for internal medicine, Dr Daniel Güntert from Switzerland and the former Special Rapporteur of the UN and Professor at the Geneva School of Diplomacy Dr Alfred de Zayas. The panel discussion was headed by Dr Karen Parker, president of the NGO International Educational Development and the Association of Humanitarian Lawyers.
Daud Miraki informed about the present shocking situation in Afghanistan. Miraki, who had just returned from a visit to Afghanistan, drew a disillusioning picture:
After seven years of war (longer than World War II), the country is in a desolate condition. Despite all assertions by the military exponents, no successful reconstruction work has been done. Neither was the number of illiterates decreased nor was the number of school-leavers increased. The so-called humanitarian help is for the benefit of international organizations for the greater part, but only to a small extent for the benefit of the people. The number of people going hungry is steadily increasing , fields lie fallow, as the people do not dare to work on their fields in fear of fighting and bombardments by the occupation forces.
However, poppy growing works well, especially in those areas that are under allied control. The Karzai government that Miraki described as a puppet regime dancing to America’s whistle is not rooted in the population and the majority disdain this government. Its influence does not reach beyond the borders of Kabul and it is oriented towards the US and their allies; its influence is waning, however.
The people in Afghanistan deeply despise the methods of the occupation troops. Their brutal violence when pursuing the alleged terrorists is indescribable and represents a severe violation of the Geneva Convention and Human Rights. Arbitrarily, men are taken from their homes kidnapped, then tortured and killed without any reason. The people are tired of this disaster and want the occupying forces to leave as soon as possible.
Professor Miraki also mentioned another severe problem, i.e. the contamination of the environment by the use of new and unknown weapons, especially DU bombs.
Due to constant bombing, whole areas have become uninhabitable, as happened in Iraq.
People in these areas are suffering from terrible diseases, especially from cancer and genetic deformations.
The incidence of cancer deaths and malformations in newborns has risen dramatically. Miraki documented his statements with numerous pictures and statistics. He did not conceal his sympathy with the people’s resistance against American troops and their allies. These actions have nothing to do with terrorism, Dr Miraki claims; instead they are a legitimate armed fight against illegal occupation.
In the second speech, the pulmonologist Dr Daniel Guentert described the effects of uranium weapons on the human organism.
He pointed out how radioactive nano-particles, resulting from the use of depleted uranium (DU) weapons, are incorporated in the body and destroy cellular structures there with devastating effects on the human organism.
The effect on human health depends on the dosage, the frequency and the duration of DU exposition. A high dosage contributes to an acute deficiency of the human airways and to death within a few days. Lower dosages cause unspecific symptoms (fatigue, loss of hair, diarrhoea, etc.), a deficiency of the immune system, different inflammatory responses (kidney failure, chronic respiratory infections), chromosomal damage (leads to malformations in newborns) and different forms of cancer (lung cancer, liver cancer, skin cancer, leukaemia, lymphoma etc.). We know that there is a linear dose-effect relation for ionising radiation in a cumulative manner.
The damage, done to human cells by DU particles incorporated into the human body is increased up to thousand folds compared to the damage done by X-rays. After an explosion of DU-ammunition an enormous heat develops, in which DU oxidizes to Uraniumoxide (UO2), which is insoluble; this burning metal has tendency to produce submicron particles like a fine dust with tiny particles of 1-10 μm or even less. Inhalation is the major route of exposure leading to internal contamination with uranium. These tiny particles pass the airways and enter the alveoli; the smaller ones (< 5 μm) penetrate the alveolar membrane and enter the vessels and the cardiovascular system respec¬tively.
This means that exposed soldiers or other persons inhale tiny radio¬active particles which are stored in the lung tissue and also in other organs via the cardiovascular system.
Various epidemiological studies on Uranium miners and workers in the nuclear industry have been performed. These studies have shown an excess relative risk of lung cancer and lung fibrosis associated with the exposure to uranium. An increase in different types of cancers (lymphopoietic, brain, kidney, breast, prostate and lung) among uranium process workers could be observed. Investigations from Lauren Moret of Gulf War veterans, who were exposed to DU, showed that they suffered from brain tumours and different brain malfunctions.
The assessment of the carcinogenic risk from DU is complicated by the dual toxicity of uranium, radiological as well as chemical. DU has been shown to induce transformation of different human cells (osteoblast cells) to a carcinogenic phenotype and chromosomal aberrations or genetic damage in blood samples among Gulf War veterans. The main target cells after inhalation of DU are macrophages and epithelial cells. Macrophages are mainly involved in our immune defence system. They produce different mediators for regulation pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions. The inflammatory response is a key component of host defence; but excessive, persistent and pathological inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases and cancers.
The facts are frightening and show the devastating effects of these weapons whose use, as Karen Parker has already pointed out several times, is forbidden, since it represents a severe violation of the Geneva Convention.
The last lecture was held by Professor Alfred de Zayas. He focused on the international law aspects of the Afghanistan tragedy. He called to mind that the United Nations had been created in order to establish and maintain peace, not to wage war.
The function of the Security Council is to facilitate peace-making, not to impose peace by massive bombing, resulting in the peace of the graveyard. According to article 2(3) of the UN Charter all 192 member States of the United Nations are obliged to settle disputes through peaceful means.
Trying to impose “unconditional surrender” on the Taliban raises the spectre of genocide.
We must pause and ask why, for the past seven years, the United Nations have been waging war in Afghanistan. Is such behaviour consistent with the UN charter? Is it for or against the people of Afghanistan?
Tens of thousands of civilians have already been killed in the name of the United Nations. The countryside has been polluted by the use of chemical agents and depleted uranium weapons. This is contrary to the Geneva Red Cross Conventions of 1949 and to the imperative of protecting the environment of the planet, which is the common heritage of all mankind.
In the last two decades, it appears that the sacred duty of the Organization has been hijacked for purposes of maintaining the hegemony of the most powerful states. Whereas self-determination is recognized as jus cogens or peremptory international law, the Afghan people are being denied this right. It is time to stop the bombing and the “collateral damage” afflicted on the civilian population.
It is time to withdraw all foreign troops, which are perceived by the majority of the Afghan population not as liberators, but rather as occupiers.
Indeed, the “Responsibility to Protect” doctrine requires the United Nations to protect the Afghan population from the destruction of their livelihoods and of their environment. Continuing this war is as senseless and criminal as the United States bombing campaigns against North Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia in the 1960s and 1970s. Massive reconstruction assistance will be required to amend the damage already done. We owe it to the people of Afghanistan in the name of human rights and international solidarity.
During the final discussion several participants called for the allocation of these severe violations of human rights to the Human Rights Council, together with the urgent appeal to immediately appoint a Special Rapporteur both for Afghanistan and for Iraq (cf. box). In defiance of the world public the US and their allies can do as they please. The use of DU weapons has repeatedly been called a stealthy genocide. The UN has mechanisms at hand that allow an immediate investigation into these proceedings. We may not allow international law being violated under the pretence of women’s liberation, democracy and war on terror while the community of states remains silent. The meeting set a clear signal that cannot be without effect.•
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