Do you not have a collective Islamic baord who passes Islamic law which is obeyed by Muslims worldwide? Because it seems you have so many 'Scholars' with personal opinions, which seem to cause conflict amongst Muslims.
Islamic law is known as the Shari'ah. The Shari'ah is based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah, and those who ascribe to different interpretations of the law pray in the same mosques with no enmity between them. In mainstream Sunni Islam, there are
four School of Laws(mazhab).
1.Hanafi School (founded by Abu Hanifa) - Muslims of Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, ie (Central Asia) and Turkey follow this school.
2.Maliki School (founded by Malik ibn Anas) - The Maliki legal school is the branch of Sunni that dominates in nearly all of Africa, except Egypt, the 'Horn' area and the East Coast countries.
3.Shafi'i School (founded by Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi`i) - Present Muslims in Indonesia, Lower Egypt, Malaysia, and Yemen follow this school.
4.Hanbali School (founded by Ahmad bin Hanbal) - This school of law is followed primarily in the Arabian Peninsula.
These four schools are somewhat different from each other, but Sunni Muslims generally consider them all equally valid. There are other Sunni schools of law, although many are followed by only small numbers of people and are relatively unknown due to the popularity of the four major schools; also many have died out or were not sufficiently recorded by their followers to survive.
Interpreting the Shari'ah to derive specific rulings (such as how to pray) is known as fiqh, which literally means understanding. A madhhab is a particular tradition of interpreting fiqh. These schools focus on specific evidence (Shafi'i and Hanbali) or general principles (Hanafi and Maliki) derived from specific evidences. The schools were started by eminent Muslim scholars in the first four centuries of Islam. As these schools represent clearly spelled out methodologies for interpreting the Shari'ah, there has been little change in the methodology per se. However, as the social and economic environment changes, new fiqh rulings are being made. For example, when tobacco appeared it was declared as 'disliked' because of its smell. When medical information showed that smoking was dangerous, that ruling was changed to 'forbidden'. Current fiqh issues include things like downloading pirated software and cloning. The consensus is that the Shari'ah does not change but fiqh rulings change all the time.
A madhhab is not to be confused with a religious sect. There may be scholars representing all four madhhabs living in larger Muslim communities, and it is up to those who consult them to decide which school they prefer.
Many Sunnis advocate that a Muslim should choose a single madhhab and follow it in all matters. However, rulings from another madhhab are considered acceptable as dispensations (rukhsa) in exceptional circumstances. Some Sunnis however do not follow any madhhab, indeed some Salafis reject strict adherence to any particular school of thought, preferring to use the Qur'an and the sunnah alone as the primary sources of Islamic law.
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