but collectively, whose fault is it that africans dont have the right environment or facilities to enhance intelligence? failure of them to work together as a unit inorder to develop things that are necessary for their advancement is the cause of backwardness. and when u say africans i think thts not a right form of classification because africans are a diverse people and each region or race or ethnicity in africa has its own problems or achievements unique to it. im not implying tht every white person is smarter than every black person or every chinese is smarter than every white person, what i believe should be the issue here is how effectively the people can work together as a unit inorder to make reasonable advancements and technological breakthroughs etc...............
There are several problems with what you are saying, nevesirth.
First of all, who are "the Africans"? Does this include the Nubians, who founded Egyptian dynasties and built pyramids? Or people who originated the Afro-Semetic languages, who would one day create the great Babylonian empires and start the religions of Judaism and (later) Islam? There are no clear-cut dividing lines between the races, the very concept of "race" is deeply flawed.
What do exist are groups of human beings living in various degrees of isolation from one another. When a species group is isolated, its available gene pool is decreased, and harmful mutations can spread rapidly. This is why, for example, Ashkenazi Jews are highly susceptible to hemophelia and Tay-Sachs disease.
Africans with darker skin are often more susceptible to sickle-cell anemia, though this is actually an adaption, not a result of isolation. Such people lived near jungles, where malaria was common. The genetic mutation that makes you susceptible to sickle-cell also increases your resistance to malaria, so obviously this genetic mutation was selected for by their environment.
Now. It's not particularly difficult to see how genetic differences, like the ones mentioned above, can arise among distinct groups of human beings.
Intelligence, on the other hand, is another matter entirely.
First of all, we have no legitimate definition of intelligence. How would you define intelligence? A score on an IQ test? All IQ tests are heavily biased towards specific cultures.
Also, the mechanisms that determine intelligence in the brain—unlike the genetics of diseases—are not even close to being understood. It is also not clear to what extent genetic differences play into determining intelligence.
Now, I certainly agree that certain groups of humans have cultures that are conspicuously more war-torn or ignorant than other cultures. But I think it would be very foolish to attribute such differences to
genetic differences. Just look at the history of the world, and all of the different cultures in the world. People of all skin cultures have had their great civilizations, black Africans, Arabs, Chinese, native Americans, Indo-Europeans. To whatever extent there is a pattern here, it is largely determined by
geography more than anything. The people who lived closer to stable sources of grain and water were better able to develop flourishing civilizations. The cultures of these civilizations then would compete with each other, influencing each other on grand scales well beyond the genetic differences of the individuals that made them up.
If you haven't read it, I'd recommend Jared Diamond's
Guns, Germs, and Steel. It's a pretty insightful explanation of how and why different groups of people ended up with such different cultures—and it shows how little these differences have to do with individuals, let alone genetics.
laying:
