Baby Arabic Lessons - Learn from here Insha Allaah.

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As-salaamu 'alaykum

Maashaa Allaah, jazaak Allaahu khayran akh Qatada.. Please do continue your lessons, bi idhnillaah.. :thumbs_up
 
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The Letter before the 3 Root Letters.

Insha Allah this lesson will give a much more clearer understanding to the Arabic which you might have read in the past, and it will benefit you a lot – so take note of this lesson.

Usually, the 3 root letters in a word have a letter before them when a phrase is being said.




I’ll give some examples to make you understand what I’m saying:



The root word I’ll (randomly) use is; F3*L (faa, ‘ayn, laam), which means ‘To Do’ something.

*The 3 represents an ‘ayn.




The root word here will always remain the same. The letter before the root word will change.


I will place a letter before the root word F3L (which means 'to do'):
AF3aL I'm Doing


TaF3aL You're Doing (m)


YaF3aL He's Doing


NaF3aL We're Doing


​
The underlined letters are Alif, Taa, Yaa, & Nun. These can be placed before any root word and will explain who did that action (the action is the root word.) – Who did the action is the letter before it [in red.]





Another example is KhaRaJa, which means to leave or separate.



AKhRuJ would mean, I'm separating or leaving.


TaKhRuJ would mean, You're separating or leaving.


YaKhRuJ would mean, He's separating or leaving.


NaKhRuJ would mean, We're separating or leaving.




​
Whenever the letter is put before the 3 root letters, you will know who is doing that action (in blue.)

If you do not know a lot action or verb (blue) words, then it is good to learn a lot so that you don’t get mixed up between the (red) prefix letters and the 3 root letters of the word. This will help you understand the Arabic language a lot more insha Allah.





Practise yourself:


Try it out yourself with these words, and figure out who is doing the action – I, You, he/they, or we? ;
YaKhLuQ would mean, ??? (Pick one: I, you, he, we?) [KhaLaQa = To create]



AS'aL would mean ??? (Pick one: I, you, he, we?). [Sa'aLa = to ask]



YaDKhuL would mean ??? (Pick one: I, you, he, we?) DaKhaLa = to enter, for example to enter a building.]



NuReeD would mean ??? (Pick one: I, you, he, we?). [ARaaDa = to desire or to want, for example to desire the reward of the next life.]
​




If you don’t’ understand any of what I said, or need more explanation – please do ask insha Allah.




And Allah knows best.
 
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:salamext:




continued...


There are more letters which are prefixes like the above, they are placed before the 3 root letters.


I.e.

 W (the letter waw) - this is used to make something. Don't confuse this with the W that is used as the word 'and' - since this W is a prefix before the 3 root letters.

Or a 'W' can be part of the 3 root letters, so don't confuse it with that either. The only way to remove any confusion would be to learn alot of 3 root words so you can differentiate between whether it is a prefix or part of the word.





Let me explain using examples;


Ahad = One, the number 1.

To make something 1 = Wahada. For example if there is a group of people, and you want to unite them - you call them together, and Wahada - make them 1.Ummatun Waahidah! (the One/united Ummah [nation]!)

That showed how we made the people 1 and united, by placing the W before the ahad.






We'll try placing the W before another word, let's say the word 'Iddah (ayn, daal and haa.)


'Iddah mean's a time period. I.e. the 'iddah for a muslim woman after her husband has died is 4months and 10days - in which she doesn't get married. (Qur'an 2:234)

So now, when someone wants to make a time period happen, (for example i said "I want to meet you at this time tomorrow") - i would place the letter W before the word 'Iddah, and it would become Wa'Ddah.


Wa'DdaH mean's Promise, because you've said that you would meet at a certain time (time period = 'iddah.) So you 'made a time.'




I hope you understand what i mean now..




Another example is the word;


ThiQa (the Th = (the thousand 'ss'sound.) This mean's 'trustworthy.' [its used alot in the science of hadith] Place a W before it, what does it make? _______

It's meaning would be 'a trustworthy' something, i.e. a trustworthy (waathiq)covenant.








​
 
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Random Lessons



Maa = What
I.e. Maa iSsMuk = what is your name?

But sometimes, in arabic - Maa can also mean 'I am not', or 'I don't'.



For example, the Prophet (sal Allaahu alaihi wasalam) said to Jibreel on the first revelation;
Maa Ana Bi Qaari' - I am not a reader*

*qaari' also means recitor


​
I don't know what relationship both "Maa's" have to make them be used differently in different situations, but that's just a fact you have to know.




Ma!


The Ma, [meem with a fatha or zabar on top of it] is a reflection of the 3 root letters that come after it. Its a place or people which do the actions of the root word.

Let me explain; You can't get married to certain people in Islam, such as blood brothers/sisters, or parents etc. They are HaRaM for you right?

maHaRaM = someone you can't get married to.

Ever heard that word before? I think you have.



​
Or how about a place where people do alot of SaJDah, sujood? Point at that place where people do SaJDah 5 times a day.


then add a Ma infront of it;
maSJiD (place of sajdah)


​
Or a place where people have books?
maKTaB (place of books) (KiTaaB or KuTuB = books. maKTooB [plural])


​
So Ma is a thing which reflects the meaning of the 3 root letters.



Try the following with the words (put a ma infront of it);

__JLiS = gathering [JaLoos = plural]

 __JaMi' = grouped [maJmoo' = plural]

 __'aaSs = rebellion

 __Saa'iL = questions/asking [comes from the word SaL = to ask]





​
Mu

Whereas if you were the 3 root letters, then there would be a damma/peysh to make it Mu. I.e. muHaMaD - the praised one. Or muHaRaM - that place or month is holy.




So Ma is a thing which reflects the meaning of the 3 root letters. i.e. a masjid, majlis, mahram etc.

Whereas Mu is something that is the 3 root letters. i.e. muShRiK (associator), muHSiN (perfector/extremely good), Muhammad etc.


And Allah knows best.



​
 
Now that we know the above, S (the letter seen) is also a prefix. It's meaning is generally in a future tense.

So for example;


Sa yaQooL (they will say)


​
We see that the Sa (seen with a fatha/zabar on top) is relating to a future tense, so if you see the 'seen' as a prefix, then you will come to realise that it is talking about something which is likely to happen in the future.​
 
At the end of a word:


Hum = 'them' (masculine. plural)

Hun = 'them' (feminine. plural)




No!

Laa (it is the word Laa = No.

Lan = used for future tense & Lam = used for Past tense.)







Plural 'oons' & eens'


Now just before finishing off, this last sentence will ease a little bit of confusion on separating the plural from the singular insha Allah.


If you hear the oo(n), or een sound at the end of a word, you know it means more than one.

Like we already know; Mu'minoon, Mu'mineen etc.



In the Qur'an, there is a verse;


Hat-taaYu'minoo

​
Hat-taa = until



Yu'min (the Y can either be; he or they.

At the end of the word Yu'min, is the oo sound. Which mean's its more than one person, its plural. Therefore it's 'they'.

If there was no 'oo' at the end, i.e. if it was Yu'min - you'd know it's he.


Some more examples of this include; Jaahadoo (those who strive), HaaJaroo (those who emigrate), Aamanoo (those who believe.) Without the green [oo], they would have been singular.





Other ways of Plural


Baab = gate. Lots of gates or 'baabs' would have a 'w' placed in between to make it aBwaaB.

The father is the gate of the house, and that's why he is also known as the BaaBa [father.]

Zaad = increase. Lots of increases = ZiYaaD



So there could either be a Y (yaa)or W (waw) in between many words [especially if at the beginning they only had 2 letters], to show that there are lots.

I.e. HuB (only 2 letters) = to love. aHBaaB = loved ones' [which made it end up with 3 letters.]



I don't know about the details of these rules, but just try to remember them. You'll see these kind of patterns alot in the Qur'an, and if you can grasp them - then that's really good for understanding insha Allah!



​
 
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Asalaam alaikum



A few more words, i.e. connectives and other words etc. which might be repeated in the Qur'an alot;


KuLLi/u/a - Every


NaZR - see (it also means warn i.e. a person has seen a threat so they warn people of it.)


KaBL = past





Iyya [alone] iyyaK - [You alone]


NaSR = support (aNSaaR = supporters/helpers)


MaKaaN = place (i.e. fee kulli makaan - in every place)



MaSaL = example


Du'aa = call


TaBa'a = obedient (TaBi'een, i.e. the students of the companions of the Prophet are known as this because they obeyed the Prophet (sal Allahu alaihi wasalam)'s companions.)


GhaaLiB - overpower


HaaZaa = this is


Alazee = those

ZaaLiK = that is


li ma za? - for what is that? (or simply the word; Why?)



min fadliK [from You favour - or please]


BaYN = between



LaWw = turn / whether


KaD = had/has/have (depending on the context)





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Li = For


'Aw = Or

'An = from (i.e. i heard from ['an] someone)


KaaNa = Was


Shaa' = wills (i.e. Man [what] Shaa' [wills] Allah)

Shay' = thing



You can also download this which has 80% of the Qur'ans words, its only a few pages with translation of the words' meaning.

http://www.emuslim.com/quran/English80.asp




Just a few more which are repeated in the Qur'an alot;


Ja'aL = to make


Jaa' = came

RaJaa' = return


aNZaL = sent down


RiSaaLa = Message Rasool = Messenger


ZuLM = wrongdoing


GhaYB = unseen


Ba'D = after


just click on that link above for more, insha Allah...
http://www.emuslim.com/quran/English80.asp




Next we'll have a test on how much you know of arabic, insha Allah it's alot (atleast enough to understand the Qur'an at a basic level) - so long as you continue learning new words.
 
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im just curious bro Qatada, u said "za" means "is" but i was taught that there is no verb "to be" in the present form (i.e. no "am" "is" "are") since it is arelay implied. its in the past form with the verb "kaana" (like, kuntu, kunta, kunte, etc) and with the future like sayakoonu satakoonu, etc (sayakoona if its muzhari'3 mansoob) i hope im making sense.
 
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corrected, they were kind of loose translations.. sorry.
 
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The Test!


Here's some sentences which you need to translate insha Allah, you will be marked (if you're unsured of any word - you can ask insha Allah but try to do as much as you can translate);


إِن تَكْفُرُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنكُمْ 1
​

2 ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابُ

​
3 وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللّهِ وَبِالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ وَمَا هُم بِمُؤْمِنِين


4

إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْض ِ وَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِمَا
تَعْمَلُونَ

 وَاذْكُرُواْ نِعْمَةَ اللّهِ 5
​
 
asalaam alaikum warahmatulahi wabarakatuh



Another example of a prefix, is the 'K' which as a prefix means 'like'.

i.e. wa taKooNul-JiBaaL K[like] al [the] 'ihn [flakes of wool]

And the mountains will be like flakes of wool, [Quran 70:9]


 Ka maa yakool [like what he said…]

Ka zaalik [like that]



So the K as a prefix always means 'like' something.


Laysa [none] Ka [like] Mithlihee [similar to Him] shay' [anything]

there is none like Him, and He is the Hearer, Seer (wa huwa samee' ul baseer.) [Quran 42:11]





'Ee' in the Middle


 In Arabic, when something has a deeper emphasis, it might have that ‘ee’ [the letter yaa] sound in between.


For example if someone has knowledge, they are called an ‘Aalim. However, Allah has FULL knowledge; therefore He is Al ‘Aleem [the Knowing].

Raheem is the name of Allah, who has a FULL mercy.

Kareem, Rab Al Kareem (you should know what this means.)

Haleem – the forebearing (He is Perfect in being patient.)

Etc.


Most of these descriptions of ‘ee’ are given to Allah because they are a FULL and a Perfect attribute. So these names perfectly match Allah.



​
 
The T [taa] in between

Another pattern which is well known is this: When a person does a certain action, a T [taa] is added at the 2nd letter of the main root word.

i.e.

The word huda means guidance. Now for someone to be ‘guided’ – it will be called;

muhTad


Another example is innovator [mubTadi’], which comes from the word bid’a [innovation].


musTansir - as we can see, this has an extra letter in it, so its abit harder to figure out what the 3 root letter word is. It’s most likely to be the NSR [NaSR = help/aid]. The ‘s’ before the T is likely to be referring to the future tense [remember that the S as a prefix means future tense]. The T refers to it being a personification. (and the mu is a prefix, since its being related to someone/thing.)



Try to find the 3 root letters in these names; (highlight the text in grey to see the answer):

mu’Tasim [the root word is ‘as*im (the s is a saad). ‘asim means protector.) mu’tasim meaning guard.

muqTadir [the root word is qadir – meaning one who has control]

mustarshid [the root word is Rashid – one who is guided] (there is a S there after the ‘mu’ – most likely representing the future tense. i.e. one who will guide.]

musta’sim [this one is exactly like mu’tasim, but likely to refer to the future tense since it has a ‘s’ after the ‘mu’.]


Just incase you wanted to know, these are the names of some of Banu Abbaas’s khulafah.​
 

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