Some good questions. What you have to understand is that the statement made by James is also a quote taken from the Bible. It was made as part of a larger discussion that was being held in the church with regard to the question of whether or not Gentiles had to become and practice the religious laws of the Jews in order to be accepted within the community of faith that would become known as "Christians". Today we call it the Council of Jerusalem and it is reported in Acts 15:
More of Peter's own experiences are found previous to this in Acts 10:
This story has many elements to it:
First, Peter is given a vision in which God tells him to eat (in the vision at least) that which he has always understood to be unclean.
Second, Peter understands this to mean that he is to no longer be concerned about (at least some of) the ceremonial laws the governed Jewish behavior, especially their relationships with non-Jews. And so, though it was against Jewish law, Peter invites Gentiles into his house and goes into theirs and they treat each other as guests -- meaning they would have had to have eaten together, another thing against Jewish law. So, on God's expressed order, Peter is doing things that would be considered in violation of Jewish law.
Now, before someone accuses God of abrogating his own law, I don't believe he did. God called the nation of Israel to be a light to the Gentiles. The whole purpose from the time of Abraham onward, was to get God's message to the whole world. The Jews, by not being faithful to God were not the light that they were called to be and God had to complete this work (i.e., bring it to fulfillment) in the person of Jesus Christ. Because of what Jesus did, all people, Jew and Gentile, men and women, adult and child, slave and free, now have equal access to God. And further, they have this access quite apart from the law, but on the basis that Abraham was granted it, namely faith in God.
So, you see, we are not using other people's names to NOT follow what is in the Bible, rather we are indeed observing what God's purposes are and seeing that they are fulfilled in Jesus and that God has accomplished in Jesus his great purpose of reconciling the world to himself, understand that the other regulations that were designed for one small subset of God's people, the Jews, are not applicable across the board to all whom God has called to himself. For, these that God has called to himself come by the same token that Abraham did, by faith, before the law was given.
To put the burden of the Jewish law on a person now would be a step backwards and to ask an individual to make himself "righteous" in God's sight. But that is an impossible task. None of us can make ourselves righteous in God's sight. God, himself, however, can declare righteous whoever he so chooses to so declare. And God has indeed done this with regard to all who, like Abraham, believe in God's mercy and grace and his great promises. Just as God promised to Abraham that he would make him the father of many nations, so he has now done so through the son of Abraham, the son of Israel, Jesus, in whom now all peoples of every nation can be made right with God not through their own works, but his work on the cross and their individual faith in him.
And this is why it is called
Christianity. Because it is not about what we do, but what Christ has done. The mistake so many people make I think is that they focus on Jesus' teaching ministry. It was important, but the work of Christ that is the essential Gospel is not what he said, but what he did, and now I mean specifically the two-fold (but theologically singular) event of Jesus' death and resurrection.
It is also a mistake to suppose that believing all the things that Jesus said or copying all the things that Jesus did in his earthly ministry would make a person a Christian. At best, such Jewish behavior would make a person a Jew, perhaps a most excellent Jew, but still a Jews and under the old covenant. We are Christians because we have been baptized into a unique relationship with Christ, just as Christ himself command of us. And this new covenant is one based on faith and trust in Christ being able to reconcile us to God the Father. We see in Jesus' resurrection God's promise for all his people --i.e., those who believe (not those who mimick) Jesus.
So, our identity as belonging to God is not marked by the Torah or works of the law (even that law which we know Jesus himself kept inviolate), but by faith in the God who makes promise to redeem us in and through the work (not words) of Jesus Christ. We follow him in submitting our lives to him as Lord. Thus, were he to ever tell us to eat this and not that, we would do exactly that. But the fact is that rather than telling us to join with those who were doing so, he told us the opposite, that it is no longer necessary, for that covenant of which those practices and rules were a sign has been fulfilled and the practice of the rules associated with it are no longer a necessary sign. And those pastors like Joel Osteen who still preach the rules are just like the Judaizers that Peter, James, Paul, and Barnabas said were in the wrong back in Acts 15. That law has been rescinded by God himself, not because he abrogated it, but because Jesus fulfilled all its demands and it thus makes no more demands on anyone.
For us it isn't then about a single sentence spoken by James or Paul, or even a single line by Jesus. We read scripture and see in it a massive and powerful story whose climax is the coming into the world of the unique Son of the one true Creator God, and, above all, his death for sins and bodily resurrection from the dead. All Christian believing, hoping, praying, and living take place in that light. But the story of which Jesus Christ is the focal point is the story of God's whole creation, focused then on Abraham and his family and their story as the strange promise-bearing people; and it is also the story, as yet unfinished, of what Jesus Christ continues to do and teach by the gift of his Holy Spirit, in advance of the day when what God did for Jesus at Easter he will do not only for all his people but for the whole creation.*
*credit for the last paragraph goes to
N.T. Wright, Justification, p. 250